Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739
Alex Fradera, Jessica McLaren, Lisa Gadon, Breda Cullen, Jonathan Evans
Objective: Cognitive screening tests can identify potential dementia by indicating a concerning level of cognitive impairment. The older populations for whom this is most relevant are more likely to experience chronic pain, which also impairs cognitive function, but pain's impact on cognitive screening tests specifically remains unknown.
Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) following PRISMA guidelines evaluating cognitive screening scores in studies involving participants with chronic pain compared with a pain-free control group. Our question was whether the presence of chronic pain (self-reported or based on diagnosis) was associated with poorer performance on these screens, and to identify the heterogeneity across groups and screens.
Results: The 51 studies identified yielded 62 effect size estimates. The pooled g was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.95). Heterogeneity was high for the full model (= 93.16%) with some reductions in sub-analyses. Around half of the studies were identified as being at a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions: As a whole, this analysis suggests medium to large effect sizes on cognitive screen performance when people are living with chronic pain. We suggest that clinicians should consider the effect of chronic pain when cognitive screens are employed to investigate dementia. Further research could clarify the effect pain has on different screen sub-domains to aid their effective use with these populations.
{"title":"Does the presence of chronic pain affect scores on cognitive screening tests/brief cognitive measures for dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alex Fradera, Jessica McLaren, Lisa Gadon, Breda Cullen, Jonathan Evans","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive screening tests can identify potential dementia by indicating a concerning level of cognitive impairment. The older populations for whom this is most relevant are more likely to experience chronic pain, which also impairs cognitive function, but pain's impact on cognitive screening tests specifically remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) following PRISMA guidelines evaluating cognitive screening scores in studies involving participants with chronic pain compared with a pain-free control group. Our question was whether the presence of chronic pain (self-reported or based on diagnosis) was associated with poorer performance on these screens, and to identify the heterogeneity across groups and screens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 51 studies identified yielded 62 effect size estimates. The pooled g was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.95). Heterogeneity was high for the full model (= 93.16%) with some reductions in sub-analyses. Around half of the studies were identified as being at a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a whole, this analysis suggests medium to large effect sizes on cognitive screen performance when people are living with chronic pain. We suggest that clinicians should consider the effect of chronic pain when cognitive screens are employed to investigate dementia. Further research could clarify the effect pain has on different screen sub-domains to aid their effective use with these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735
Eric O Ingram, Justin E Karr
Objective: Investigate whether a four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms (i.e. cognitive, physical, affective, and sleep-arousal) aids in identifying student-athletes with persistent concerns not reflected by a total symptom score. Method: Collegiate student-athletes (N = 32,066) from the Concussion Assessment Research and Education consortium completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition Symptom Evaluation at baseline and two post-injury follow-ups (i.e. beginning RTP and 6-month). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare a one- and four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms. Normative reference data were compared across stratifications (e.g. sex, prior concussions, and number of pre-existing conditions) using Mann-Whitney U tests, and elevation rates (i.e. 84th percentile) for subscales and the total score were recorded. Results: The four-factor model fit well before and after injury (CFIs > .95). Greater symptom severity on the subscale and total scores was associated with female sex (ps<.001, r range: .07 to .14) and more pre-existing conditions (ps<.001, 2 range: .01 to .04), while having more prior concussions was only related to total symptom scores (ps<.001, 2<.01). After a concussion, a sizeable portion of student-athletes (i.e., RTP = 11.8%; 6-month = 8.3%) had subscale elevations despite no total score elevation. Physical subscale elevations at RTP were the most common (i.e., 11.9%), driven by head and neck pain. Conclusion: After a sport-related concussion, a four-factor symptom model can be used to assess persistent symptoms in collegiate student-athletes. Identifying athletes with domain-specific elevations may help clinicians identify areas for further assessment and, in some cases, personalized rehabilitation plans.
{"title":"The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: A multidimensional symptom model for detecting elevated post-concussion symptoms.","authors":"Eric O Ingram, Justin E Karr","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Investigate whether a four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms (i.e. cognitive, physical, affective, and sleep-arousal) aids in identifying student-athletes with persistent concerns not reflected by a total symptom score. <b>Method:</b> Collegiate student-athletes (<i>N</i> = 32,066) from the Concussion Assessment Research and Education consortium completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition Symptom Evaluation at baseline and two post-injury follow-ups (i.e. beginning RTP and 6-month). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare a one- and four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms. Normative reference data were compared across stratifications (e.g. sex, prior concussions, and number of pre-existing conditions) using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, and elevation rates (i.e. <math><mrow><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math>84th percentile) for subscales and the total score were recorded. <b>Results:</b> The four-factor model fit well before and after injury (CFIs > .95). Greater symptom severity on the subscale and total scores was associated with female sex (<i>ps</i><.001, <i>r</i> range: .07 to .14) and more pre-existing conditions (<i>ps</i><.001, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></math><sup>2</sup> range: .01 to .04), while having more prior concussions was only related to total symptom scores (<i>ps</i><.001, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></math><sup>2</sup><.01). After a concussion, a sizeable portion of student-athletes (i.e., RTP = 11.8%; 6-month = 8.3%) had subscale elevations despite no total score elevation. Physical subscale elevations at RTP were the most common (i.e., 11.9%), driven by head and neck pain. <b>Conclusion:</b> After a sport-related concussion, a four-factor symptom model can be used to assess persistent symptoms in collegiate student-athletes. Identifying athletes with domain-specific elevations may help clinicians identify areas for further assessment and, in some cases, personalized rehabilitation plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.
Method: In S1 (n = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (n = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.
Results: S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, p < .001).
Conclusions: These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.
{"title":"Norms, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and practice effects for verbal fluency overall performance, clustering, and switching in Spanish-speaking children.","authors":"Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Marisel Gutierrez, Gabriela Krumm","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In S1 (<i>n</i> = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (<i>n</i> = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired <i>t</i>-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737
Michael Brook, James Reilly, Alexander Korutz, Matthew C Tate, John-Christopher A Finley, Emma Pollner, Ketan Yerneni, Caterina Mosti, Constantine Karras, Siting Joy Trybula, John Stratton, Zoran Martinovich
Objective: To characterize neurocognitive response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion during a multiday external lumbar drainage (ELD) trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Methods: Inpatients (N = 70) undergoing an ELD trial as part of NPH evaluation participated. Cognition and balance were assessed using standardized measures before and after a three-day ELD trial. Cognitive change pre- to post-ELD trial was assessed in relation to change in balance, baseline neuroimaging findings, NPH symptoms, demographics, and other disease-relevant clinical parameters. Results: Multiday ELD resulted in significant cognitive improvement (particularly on measures of memory and language). This improvement was independent of demographics, test-retest interval, number of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, NPH symptom duration, estimated premorbid intelligence, baseline level of cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease burden, degree of ventriculomegaly, or other NPH-related morphological brain alterations. Balance scores evidenced a greater magnitude of improvement than cognitive scores and were weakly, but positively correlated with cognitive change scores. Conclusions: Findings suggest that cognitive improvement associated with a multiday ELD trial can be sufficiently captured with bedside neurocognitive testing. These findings support the utility of neuropsychological consultation, along with balance assessment, in informing clinical decision-making regarding responsiveness to temporary CSF diversion for patients undergoing elective NPH evaluation. Implications for the understanding of neuroanatomical and cognitive underpinnings of NPH are discussed.
{"title":"Neurocognitive change over the course of a multiday external lumbar drain trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus.","authors":"Michael Brook, James Reilly, Alexander Korutz, Matthew C Tate, John-Christopher A Finley, Emma Pollner, Ketan Yerneni, Caterina Mosti, Constantine Karras, Siting Joy Trybula, John Stratton, Zoran Martinovich","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To characterize neurocognitive response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion during a multiday external lumbar drainage (ELD) trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). <b>Methods:</b> Inpatients (<i>N</i> = 70) undergoing an ELD trial as part of NPH evaluation participated. Cognition and balance were assessed using standardized measures before and after a three-day ELD trial. Cognitive change pre- to post-ELD trial was assessed in relation to change in balance, baseline neuroimaging findings, NPH symptoms, demographics, and other disease-relevant clinical parameters. <b>Results:</b> Multiday ELD resulted in significant cognitive improvement (particularly on measures of memory and language). This improvement was independent of demographics, test-retest interval, number of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, NPH symptom duration, estimated premorbid intelligence, baseline level of cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease burden, degree of ventriculomegaly, or other NPH-related morphological brain alterations. Balance scores evidenced a greater magnitude of improvement than cognitive scores and were weakly, but positively correlated with cognitive change scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggest that cognitive improvement associated with a multiday ELD trial can be sufficiently captured with bedside neurocognitive testing. These findings support the utility of neuropsychological consultation, along with balance assessment, in informing clinical decision-making regarding responsiveness to temporary CSF diversion for patients undergoing elective NPH evaluation. Implications for the understanding of neuroanatomical and cognitive underpinnings of NPH are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747
Laura Klaming, Mandy Spaltman, Stefan Vermeent, Gijs van Elswijk, Justin B Miller, Ben Schmand
Objective: This article provides the test-retest reliability and Reliable Change Indices (RCIs) of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition (ISC) platform, which contains digitized versions of well-established neuropsychological tests.
Method: 147 participants (ages 19 to 88) completed a digital cognitive test battery on the ISC platform or paper-pencil versions of the same test battery during two separate visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated separately for the ISC and analog test versions to compare reliabilities between administration modalities. RCIs were calculated for the digital tests using the practice-adjusted RCI and standardized regression-based (SRB) method.
Results: Test-retest reliabilities for the ISC tests ranged from moderate to excellent and were comparable to the test-retest reliabilities for the paper-pencil tests. Baseline test performance, retest interval, age, and education predicted test performance at visit 2 with baseline test performance being the strongest predictor for all outcome measures. For most outcome measures, both methods for the calculation of RCIs show agreement on whether or not a reliable change was observed.
Conclusions: RCIs for the digital tests enable clinicians to determine whether a measured change between assessments is due to real improvement or decline. Together, this contributes to the growing evidence for the clinical utility of the ISC platform.
{"title":"Test-retest reliability and reliable change index of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition digital test battery.","authors":"Laura Klaming, Mandy Spaltman, Stefan Vermeent, Gijs van Elswijk, Justin B Miller, Ben Schmand","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides the test-retest reliability and Reliable Change Indices (RCIs) of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition (ISC) platform, which contains digitized versions of well-established neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>147 participants (ages 19 to 88) completed a digital cognitive test battery on the ISC platform or paper-pencil versions of the same test battery during two separate visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated separately for the ISC and analog test versions to compare reliabilities between administration modalities. RCIs were calculated for the digital tests using the practice-adjusted RCI and standardized regression-based (SRB) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Test-retest reliabilities for the ISC tests ranged from moderate to excellent and were comparable to the test-retest reliabilities for the paper-pencil tests. Baseline test performance, retest interval, age, and education predicted test performance at visit 2 with baseline test performance being the strongest predictor for all outcome measures. For most outcome measures, both methods for the calculation of RCIs show agreement on whether or not a reliable change was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RCIs for the digital tests enable clinicians to determine whether a measured change between assessments is due to real improvement or decline. Together, this contributes to the growing evidence for the clinical utility of the ISC platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738
John-Christopher A Finley, Violeta J Rodriguez, Brian M Cerny, Fini Chang, Julia M Brooks, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble
Objectives: This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS). Method: This cross-sectional study comprised 543 adults who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into valid (n = 480) and invalid (n = 63) groups based on multiple criterion performance validity tests. Results: LNS total raw scores, age-corrected scaled scores, and age- and education-corrected T-scores demonstrated excellent classification accuracy (area under the curve of .84, .83, and .82, respectively). The optimal cutoff for LNS raw score (≤16), age-corrected scaled score (≤7), and age- and education-corrected T-score (≤36) yielded .51 sensitivity and .94 specificity. Slightly lower sensitivity (.40) and higher specificity (.98) was associated with a more conservative T-score cutoff of ≤33. Multivariate models incorporating both LNS and RDS improved classification accuracy (area under the curve of .86), and LNS scores explained a significant but modest proportion of variance in validity status above and beyond RDS. Chaining LNS T-score of ≤33 with RDS cutoff of ≤7 increased sensitivity to .69 while maintaining ≥.90 specificity. Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary evidence for the criterion and construct validity of LNS as an embedded validity indicator in ADHD evaluations. Practitioners are encouraged to use LNS T-score cutoff of ≤33 or ≤36 to assess the validity of obtained test data. Employing either of these LNS cutoffs with RDS may enhance the detection of invalid performance.
{"title":"Comparing embedded performance validity indicators within the WAIS-IV Letter-Number sequencing subtest to Reliable Digit Span among adults referred for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Violeta J Rodriguez, Brian M Cerny, Fini Chang, Julia M Brooks, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS). <b>Method:</b> This cross-sectional study comprised 543 adults who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into valid (<i>n</i> = 480) and invalid (<i>n</i> = 63) groups based on multiple criterion performance validity tests. <b>Results:</b> LNS total raw scores, age-corrected scaled scores, and age- and education-corrected T-scores demonstrated excellent classification accuracy (area under the curve of .84, .83, and .82, respectively). The optimal cutoff for LNS raw score (≤16), age-corrected scaled score (≤7), and age- and education-corrected T-score (≤36) yielded .51 sensitivity and .94 specificity. Slightly lower sensitivity (.40) and higher specificity (.98) was associated with a more conservative T-score cutoff of ≤33. Multivariate models incorporating both LNS and RDS improved classification accuracy (area under the curve of .86), and LNS scores explained a significant but modest proportion of variance in validity status above and beyond RDS. Chaining LNS T-score of ≤33 with RDS cutoff of ≤7 increased sensitivity to .69 while maintaining ≥.90 specificity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings provide preliminary evidence for the criterion and construct validity of LNS as an embedded validity indicator in ADHD evaluations. Practitioners are encouraged to use LNS T-score cutoff of ≤33 or ≤36 to assess the validity of obtained test data. Employing either of these LNS cutoffs with RDS may enhance the detection of invalid performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2215489
Sarah A Raskin, Olivia DeJoie, Carolyn Edwards, Chloe Ouchida, Jocelyn Moran, Olivia White, Michelle Mordasiewicz, Dorothy Anika, Blessing Njoku
Objective: The potential for traumatic brain injury (TBI) to occur as the result of intimate partner violence (IPV) has received increased interest in recent years. This study sought to investigate the possible occurrence of TBI in a group of women who survived IPV and to measure the specific profile of cognitive deficits using standardized neuropsychological measures. Method: A comprehensive questionnaire about abuse history; neuropsychological measures of attention, memory and executive functioning; and measures of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder were given to women who were IPV survivors, women who were sexual assault (SA) survivors, and a comparison group of women who did not experience IPV or SA. Results: Overall, rates of potential TBI, as measured by the HELPS brain injury screening tool, were high and consistent with previous studies. Consistent with potential TBI, lower scores were demonstrated on measures of memory and executive functioning compared to survivors of SA or those not exposed to violence. Importantly, significant differences on measures of memory and executive functioning remained, after controlling for measures of emotion. Of note, cognitive changes were highest among women who experienced non-fatal strangulation (NFS) compared to IPV survivors who did not. Conclusions: Rates of TBI may be high in women who survive IPV, especially those who survive strangulation. Better screening measures and appropriate interventions are needed as well as larger studies that look at social factors associated with IPV.
目的:近年来,亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)导致创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的可能性越来越受到关注。本研究旨在调查一群在亲密伴侣暴力中幸存下来的女性中可能发生的创伤性脑损伤,并使用标准化的神经心理学测量方法测量认知障碍的具体情况。研究方法向 IPV 幸存者、性侵犯(SA)幸存者以及未经历 IPV 或 SA 的对比组女性发放有关虐待史的综合问卷;对注意力、记忆力和执行功能进行神经心理学测量;以及对抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍进行测量。结果显示总体而言,通过 HELPS 脑损伤筛查工具测量的潜在创伤性脑损伤发生率较高,与之前的研究结果一致。与潜在的创伤性脑损伤相一致的是,与 SA 幸存者或未遭受暴力的幸存者相比,她们在记忆和执行功能方面的得分较低。重要的是,在控制情绪测量后,记忆力和执行功能的测量仍存在显著差异。值得注意的是,与未遭受过暴力的 IPV 幸存者相比,经历过非致命性勒颈(NFS)的女性认知能力变化最大。结论:在遭受 IPV 后幸存的女性中,尤其是在遭受勒杀后幸存的女性中,创伤性脑损伤的发生率可能很高。有必要采取更好的筛查措施和适当的干预措施,并对与 IPV 相关的社会因素进行更大规模的研究。
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury screening and neuropsychological functioning in women who experience intimate partner violence.","authors":"Sarah A Raskin, Olivia DeJoie, Carolyn Edwards, Chloe Ouchida, Jocelyn Moran, Olivia White, Michelle Mordasiewicz, Dorothy Anika, Blessing Njoku","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2215489","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2215489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The potential for traumatic brain injury (TBI) to occur as the result of intimate partner violence (IPV) has received increased interest in recent years. This study sought to investigate the possible occurrence of TBI in a group of women who survived IPV and to measure the specific profile of cognitive deficits using standardized neuropsychological measures. <b>Method:</b> A comprehensive questionnaire about abuse history; neuropsychological measures of attention, memory and executive functioning; and measures of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder were given to women who were IPV survivors, women who were sexual assault (SA) survivors, and a comparison group of women who did not experience IPV or SA. <b>Results:</b> Overall, rates of potential TBI, as measured by the HELPS brain injury screening tool, were high and consistent with previous studies. Consistent with potential TBI, lower scores were demonstrated on measures of memory and executive functioning compared to survivors of SA or those not exposed to violence. Importantly, significant differences on measures of memory and executive functioning remained, after controlling for measures of emotion. Of note, cognitive changes were highest among women who experienced non-fatal strangulation (NFS) compared to IPV survivors who did not. <b>Conclusions:</b> Rates of TBI may be high in women who survive IPV, especially those who survive strangulation. Better screening measures and appropriate interventions are needed as well as larger studies that look at social factors associated with IPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-06-03DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2217673
Erin T Kaseda, Alyssa Arentoft, Katherine J Bangen, Zanjbeel Mahmood, Kelsey Thomas, Stella H Kim, Alexander Tan, Sarah Prieto, Erica L Dawson, Kaitlin Riegler, Erin Sullivan-Baca, Rachael L Ellison
Objective: Parental and other caregiving leave is important to postdoctoral fellows, yet there is no field-wide recommendation for leave policies among clinical neuropsychology postdoctoral training programs, which is of particular relevance given the two-year requirement for eligibility for board certification. The aims of this manuscript are to (a) discuss general guidelines and recommendations for leave policies, both informed by prior empirical evidence as well as relevant existing policy guidelines from various academic and healthcare organizations, and (b) use vignettes to provide possible solutions for potential leave scenarios. Method: A critical review of literature on family leave from public policy and political science, industrial-organizational psychology, academic medicine, and psychology was conducted and findings were synthesized. Results and Conclusions: Fellowship training programs are encouraged to adopt a competency-based model that permits flexibility in leave during training without necessarily requiring an extended end date. Programs should adopt clear policies and make this information readily available to trainees and think flexibly about training options that best meet the training needs and goals of each individual. We also encourage neuropsychologists at all levels to engage in advocacy for broader systemic supports of trainees seeking equitable family leave.
{"title":"Parental, caregiving, and family leave during clinical neuropsychology postdoctoral training: Recommendations and guidelines from the Women in Neuropsychology (WIN) committee and Education Advisory Committee (EAC) of the Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (SCN; APA division 40).","authors":"Erin T Kaseda, Alyssa Arentoft, Katherine J Bangen, Zanjbeel Mahmood, Kelsey Thomas, Stella H Kim, Alexander Tan, Sarah Prieto, Erica L Dawson, Kaitlin Riegler, Erin Sullivan-Baca, Rachael L Ellison","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2217673","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2217673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Parental and other caregiving leave is important to postdoctoral fellows, yet there is no field-wide recommendation for leave policies among clinical neuropsychology postdoctoral training programs, which is of particular relevance given the two-year requirement for eligibility for board certification. The aims of this manuscript are to (a) discuss general guidelines and recommendations for leave policies, both informed by prior empirical evidence as well as relevant existing policy guidelines from various academic and healthcare organizations, and (b) use vignettes to provide possible solutions for potential leave scenarios. <b>Method:</b> A critical review of literature on family leave from public policy and political science, industrial-organizational psychology, academic medicine, and psychology was conducted and findings were synthesized. <b>Results and Conclusions:</b> Fellowship training programs are encouraged to adopt a competency-based model that permits flexibility in leave during training without necessarily requiring an extended end date. Programs should adopt clear policies and make this information readily available to trainees and think flexibly about training options that best meet the training needs and goals of each individual. We also encourage neuropsychologists at all levels to engage in advocacy for broader systemic supports of trainees seeking equitable family leave.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9598203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2219421
Allison E Gornik, Rachel A Northrup, Luther G Kalb, Lisa A Jacobson, Rebecca W Lieb, Rachel K Peterson, Danielle Wexler, Natasha N Ludwig, Rowena Ng, Alison E Pritchard
Objective: Missed patient appointments have a substantial negative impact on patient care, child health and well-being, and clinic functioning. This study aims to identify health system interface and child/family demographic characteristics as potential predictors of appointment attendance in a pediatric outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Method: Pediatric patients (N = 6,976 across 13,362 scheduled appointments) who attended versus missed scheduled appointments at a large, urban assessment clinic were compared on a broad array of factors extracted from the medical record, and the cumulative impact of significant risk factors was examined. Results: In the final multivariate logistic regression model, health system interface factors that significantly predicted more missed appointments included a higher percentage of previous missed appointments within the broader medical center, missing pre-visit intake paperwork, assessment/testing appointment type, and visit timing relative to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. more missed appointments prior to the pandemic). Demographic characteristics that significantly predicted more missed appointments in the final model included Medicaid (medical assistance) insurance and greater neighborhood disadvantage per the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Waitlist length, referral source, season, format (telehealth vs. in-person), need for interpreter, language, and age were not predictive of appointment attendance. Taken together, 7.75% of patients with zero risk factors missed their appointment, while 22.30% of patients with five risk factors missed their appointment. Conclusions: Pediatric neuropsychology clinics have a unique array of factors that impact successful attendance, and identification of these factors can help inform policies, clinic procedures, and strategies to decrease barriers, and thus increase appointment attendance, in similar settings.
{"title":"To confirm your appointment, please press one: Examining demographic and health system interface factors that predict missed appointments in a pediatric outpatient neuropsychology clinic.","authors":"Allison E Gornik, Rachel A Northrup, Luther G Kalb, Lisa A Jacobson, Rebecca W Lieb, Rachel K Peterson, Danielle Wexler, Natasha N Ludwig, Rowena Ng, Alison E Pritchard","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2219421","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2219421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Missed patient appointments have a substantial negative impact on patient care, child health and well-being, and clinic functioning. This study aims to identify health system interface and child/family demographic characteristics as potential predictors of appointment attendance in a pediatric outpatient neuropsychology clinic. <b>Method:</b> Pediatric patients (<i>N</i> = 6,976 across 13,362 scheduled appointments) who attended versus missed scheduled appointments at a large, urban assessment clinic were compared on a broad array of factors extracted from the medical record, and the cumulative impact of significant risk factors was examined. <b>Results:</b> In the final multivariate logistic regression model, health system interface factors that significantly predicted more missed appointments included a higher percentage of previous missed appointments within the broader medical center, missing pre-visit intake paperwork, assessment/testing appointment type, and visit timing relative to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. more missed appointments prior to the pandemic). Demographic characteristics that significantly predicted more missed appointments in the final model included Medicaid (medical assistance) insurance and greater neighborhood disadvantage per the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Waitlist length, referral source, season, format (telehealth vs. in-person), need for interpreter, language, and age were not predictive of appointment attendance. Taken together, 7.75% of patients with zero risk factors missed their appointment, while 22.30% of patients with five risk factors missed their appointment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pediatric neuropsychology clinics have a unique array of factors that impact successful attendance, and identification of these factors can help inform policies, clinic procedures, and strategies to decrease barriers, and thus increase appointment attendance, in similar settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2218576
Jameson Beach, Kathleen Bain, Julianna Valencia, Janice Marceaux, Jason Soble
Objective: The objective of the current investigation was to validate and establish the psychometric properties of an abbreviated, 10-item version of the Word Choice Test (WCT). Method: Data from one hundred ten clinically-referred participants (M age = 55.92, SD = 14.07; M education = 13.74, SD = 2.43; 84.5% Male) in a Veterans Affairs neuropsychology outpatient clinic was analyzed. All participants completed the WCT, the TOMM T1, the WMT, and the Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-IV as part of a larger battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between the 10-item WCT-10, the TOMM T1, the RDS forward/backward, as well as the IR, DR, and CNS subtests of the WMT. ROC analysis for the WCT-10 indicated optimal cutoff of 2 or more errors, with 52% sensitivity and 97% specificity (AUC=.786, p<.001), compared with the standard administration of the WCT with a cutoff of 8 or more errors, which had 67% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Specificity/sensitivity values remained adequate at a cutoff of two or more errors when participants with cognitive impairment (Sensitivity=.52, Specificity=.92) and without cognitive impairment (Sensitivity=.52, Specificity = 1.0) were examined separately. Conclusions: The present investigation revealed that the WCT-10, an abbreviated free-standing PVT comprised of the initial 10 items of the WCT, demonstrated clinical utility in a mixed clinical sample of Veterans and was robust to cognitive impairment. This abbreviated PVT may benefit researchers and clinicians through adequate identification of invalid performance while minimizing completion time.
{"title":"Validation and psychometric properties of the Word Choice Test-10 as an abbreviated performance validity test.","authors":"Jameson Beach, Kathleen Bain, Julianna Valencia, Janice Marceaux, Jason Soble","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2218576","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2023.2218576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of the current investigation was to validate and establish the psychometric properties of an abbreviated, 10-item version of the Word Choice Test (WCT). <b>Method:</b> Data from one hundred ten clinically-referred participants (M age = 55.92, SD = 14.07; M education = 13.74, SD = 2.43; 84.5% Male) in a Veterans Affairs neuropsychology outpatient clinic was analyzed. All participants completed the WCT, the TOMM T1, the WMT, and the Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-IV as part of a larger battery of neuropsychological tests. <b>Results:</b> Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between the 10-item WCT-10, the TOMM T1, the RDS forward/backward, as well as the IR, DR, and CNS subtests of the WMT. ROC analysis for the WCT-10 indicated optimal cutoff of 2 or more errors, with 52% sensitivity and 97% specificity (AUC=.786, <i>p</i><.001), compared with the standard administration of the WCT with a cutoff of 8 or more errors, which had 67% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Specificity/sensitivity values remained adequate at a cutoff of two or more errors when participants with cognitive impairment (Sensitivity=.52, Specificity=.92) and without cognitive impairment (Sensitivity=.52, Specificity = 1.0) were examined separately. <b>Conclusions:</b> The present investigation revealed that the WCT-10, an abbreviated free-standing PVT comprised of the initial 10 items of the WCT, demonstrated clinical utility in a mixed clinical sample of Veterans and was robust to cognitive impairment. This abbreviated PVT may benefit researchers and clinicians through adequate identification of invalid performance while minimizing completion time.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}