Objective: We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.
Method: In S1 (n = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (n = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.
Results: S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, p < .001).
Conclusions: These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.
{"title":"Norms, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and practice effects for verbal fluency overall performance, clustering, and switching in Spanish-speaking children.","authors":"Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Marisel Gutierrez, Gabriela Krumm","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In S1 (<i>n</i> = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (<i>n</i> = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired <i>t</i>-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1726-1755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737
Michael Brook, James Reilly, Alexander Korutz, Matthew C Tate, John-Christopher A Finley, Emma Pollner, Ketan Yerneni, Caterina Mosti, Constantine Karras, Siting Joy Trybula, John Stratton, Zoran Martinovich
Objective: To characterize neurocognitive response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion during a multiday external lumbar drainage (ELD) trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Methods: Inpatients (N = 70) undergoing an ELD trial as part of NPH evaluation participated. Cognition and balance were assessed using standardized measures before and after a three-day ELD trial. Cognitive change pre- to post-ELD trial was assessed in relation to change in balance, baseline neuroimaging findings, NPH symptoms, demographics, and other disease-relevant clinical parameters. Results: Multiday ELD resulted in significant cognitive improvement (particularly on measures of memory and language). This improvement was independent of demographics, test-retest interval, number of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, NPH symptom duration, estimated premorbid intelligence, baseline level of cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease burden, degree of ventriculomegaly, or other NPH-related morphological brain alterations. Balance scores evidenced a greater magnitude of improvement than cognitive scores and were weakly, but positively correlated with cognitive change scores. Conclusions: Findings suggest that cognitive improvement associated with a multiday ELD trial can be sufficiently captured with bedside neurocognitive testing. These findings support the utility of neuropsychological consultation, along with balance assessment, in informing clinical decision-making regarding responsiveness to temporary CSF diversion for patients undergoing elective NPH evaluation. Implications for the understanding of neuroanatomical and cognitive underpinnings of NPH are discussed.
{"title":"Neurocognitive change over the course of a multiday external lumbar drain trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus.","authors":"Michael Brook, James Reilly, Alexander Korutz, Matthew C Tate, John-Christopher A Finley, Emma Pollner, Ketan Yerneni, Caterina Mosti, Constantine Karras, Siting Joy Trybula, John Stratton, Zoran Martinovich","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To characterize neurocognitive response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion during a multiday external lumbar drainage (ELD) trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). <b>Methods:</b> Inpatients (<i>N</i> = 70) undergoing an ELD trial as part of NPH evaluation participated. Cognition and balance were assessed using standardized measures before and after a three-day ELD trial. Cognitive change pre- to post-ELD trial was assessed in relation to change in balance, baseline neuroimaging findings, NPH symptoms, demographics, and other disease-relevant clinical parameters. <b>Results:</b> Multiday ELD resulted in significant cognitive improvement (particularly on measures of memory and language). This improvement was independent of demographics, test-retest interval, number of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, NPH symptom duration, estimated premorbid intelligence, baseline level of cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease burden, degree of ventriculomegaly, or other NPH-related morphological brain alterations. Balance scores evidenced a greater magnitude of improvement than cognitive scores and were weakly, but positively correlated with cognitive change scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggest that cognitive improvement associated with a multiday ELD trial can be sufficiently captured with bedside neurocognitive testing. These findings support the utility of neuropsychological consultation, along with balance assessment, in informing clinical decision-making regarding responsiveness to temporary CSF diversion for patients undergoing elective NPH evaluation. Implications for the understanding of neuroanatomical and cognitive underpinnings of NPH are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1610-1626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739
Alex Fradera, Jessica McLaren, Lisa Gadon, Breda Cullen, Jonathan Evans
Objective: Cognitive screening tests can identify potential dementia by indicating a concerning level of cognitive impairment. The older populations for whom this is most relevant are more likely to experience chronic pain, which also impairs cognitive function, but pain's impact on cognitive screening tests specifically remains unknown.
Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) following PRISMA guidelines evaluating cognitive screening scores in studies involving participants with chronic pain compared with a pain-free control group. Our question was whether the presence of chronic pain (self-reported or based on diagnosis) was associated with poorer performance on these screens, and to identify the heterogeneity across groups and screens.
Results: The 51 studies identified yielded 62 effect size estimates. The pooled g was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.95). Heterogeneity was high for the full model (= 93.16%) with some reductions in sub-analyses. Around half of the studies were identified as being at a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions: As a whole, this analysis suggests medium to large effect sizes on cognitive screen performance when people are living with chronic pain. We suggest that clinicians should consider the effect of chronic pain when cognitive screens are employed to investigate dementia. Further research could clarify the effect pain has on different screen sub-domains to aid their effective use with these populations.
{"title":"Does the presence of chronic pain affect scores on cognitive screening tests/brief cognitive measures for dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alex Fradera, Jessica McLaren, Lisa Gadon, Breda Cullen, Jonathan Evans","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive screening tests can identify potential dementia by indicating a concerning level of cognitive impairment. The older populations for whom this is most relevant are more likely to experience chronic pain, which also impairs cognitive function, but pain's impact on cognitive screening tests specifically remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) following PRISMA guidelines evaluating cognitive screening scores in studies involving participants with chronic pain compared with a pain-free control group. Our question was whether the presence of chronic pain (self-reported or based on diagnosis) was associated with poorer performance on these screens, and to identify the heterogeneity across groups and screens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 51 studies identified yielded 62 effect size estimates. The pooled g was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.95). Heterogeneity was high for the full model (= 93.16%) with some reductions in sub-analyses. Around half of the studies were identified as being at a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a whole, this analysis suggests medium to large effect sizes on cognitive screen performance when people are living with chronic pain. We suggest that clinicians should consider the effect of chronic pain when cognitive screens are employed to investigate dementia. Further research could clarify the effect pain has on different screen sub-domains to aid their effective use with these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1586-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315746
Jared B Hammond, Jennifer Peraza, Christopher A Pierce
Objective: We report a neuropsychological evaluation for a 39-year-old, right-handed, white female who 8 years ago developed delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL), a rare demyelinating syndrome, two-weeks following an anoxic brain injury due to an overdose from benzodiazepines. Methods: An extensive record review documenting her medical timeline and treatment over the last 8 years was conducted using the available EMR system, which also included both EEG and neuroimaging data. Eight years post injury, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered with corrected normative data for age, race, education, and other demographic factors when available. Collected data was compared with other case reports of DPHL. Results: The neuropsychological profile indicated difficulties across multiple cognitive domains that appeared driven by executive dysfunction, likely related to fronto-subcorto-striatal dysfunction. Conclusion: As a rare disease, the process by which DPHL occurs is not fully understood. Our results revealed similar findings in the literature for learning and memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions. This is discussed in the context of available neuroimaging while highlighting the value of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in DPHL even years post-injury.
{"title":"A case report of long-term effects of Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) following benzodiazepine overdose.","authors":"Jared B Hammond, Jennifer Peraza, Christopher A Pierce","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315746","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> We report a neuropsychological evaluation for a 39-year-old, right-handed, white female who 8 years ago developed delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL), a rare demyelinating syndrome, two-weeks following an anoxic brain injury due to an overdose from benzodiazepines. <b>Methods:</b> An extensive record review documenting her medical timeline and treatment over the last 8 years was conducted using the available EMR system, which also included both EEG and neuroimaging data. Eight years post injury, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered with corrected normative data for age, race, education, and other demographic factors when available. Collected data was compared with other case reports of DPHL. <b>Results:</b> The neuropsychological profile indicated difficulties across multiple cognitive domains that appeared driven by executive dysfunction, likely related to fronto-subcorto-striatal dysfunction. <b>Conclusion:</b> As a rare disease, the process by which DPHL occurs is not fully understood. Our results revealed similar findings in the literature for learning and memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions. This is discussed in the context of available neuroimaging while highlighting the value of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in DPHL even years post-injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1756-1772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315740
Jacob L Varela, Anna T Magnante, Holly M Miskey, Anna S Ord, Adrienne Eldridge, Robert D Shura
Objective: The clinical utility of continuous performance tests (CPTs) among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increasingly been brought under question. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to investigate the clinical utility of various commercially available CPTs, including the Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CCPT), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Gordon Diagnostic System (GDS), and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA) in the adult ADHD population.
Methods: This systematic review followed the a priori PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Articles were gathered from PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar on 11 April 2022. Sixty-nine articles were included in the final review. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Took for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.
Results: Most articles demonstrated high risk of bias, and there was substantial heterogeneity across studies. Overall, the reviewed CPTs appeared to have limited diagnostic utility and classification accuracy. Although many studies showed differing scores between adults with ADHD and comparison groups, findings were not consistent. Characteristics of CPT performances among adults with ADHD were mixed, with little consistency and no evidence of a clear profile of performances; however, CCPT commission errors appeared to have the most utility when used a treatment or experimental outcome measure, compared to other CCPT scores.
Conclusion: Overall, CPTs should not be used in isolation as a diagnostic test but may be beneficial when used as a component of a comprehensive assessment.
{"title":"A systematic review of the utility of continuous performance tests among adults with ADHD.","authors":"Jacob L Varela, Anna T Magnante, Holly M Miskey, Anna S Ord, Adrienne Eldridge, Robert D Shura","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The clinical utility of continuous performance tests (CPTs) among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increasingly been brought under question. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to investigate the clinical utility of various commercially available CPTs, including the Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CCPT), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Gordon Diagnostic System (GDS), and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA) in the adult ADHD population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed the a priori PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Articles were gathered from PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar on 11 April 2022. Sixty-nine articles were included in the final review. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Took for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most articles demonstrated high risk of bias, and there was substantial heterogeneity across studies. Overall, the reviewed CPTs appeared to have limited diagnostic utility and classification accuracy. Although many studies showed differing scores between adults with ADHD and comparison groups, findings were not consistent. Characteristics of CPT performances among adults with ADHD were mixed, with little consistency and no evidence of a clear profile of performances; however, CCPT commission errors appeared to have the most utility when used a treatment or experimental outcome measure, compared to other CCPT scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, CPTs should not be used in isolation as a diagnostic test but may be beneficial when used as a component of a comprehensive assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1524-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747
Laura Klaming, Mandy Spaltman, Stefan Vermeent, Gijs van Elswijk, Justin B Miller, Ben Schmand
Objective: This article provides the test-retest reliability and Reliable Change Indices (RCIs) of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition (ISC) platform, which contains digitized versions of well-established neuropsychological tests.
Method: 147 participants (ages 19 to 88) completed a digital cognitive test battery on the ISC platform or paper-pencil versions of the same test battery during two separate visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated separately for the ISC and analog test versions to compare reliabilities between administration modalities. RCIs were calculated for the digital tests using the practice-adjusted RCI and standardized regression-based (SRB) method.
Results: Test-retest reliabilities for the ISC tests ranged from moderate to excellent and were comparable to the test-retest reliabilities for the paper-pencil tests. Baseline test performance, retest interval, age, and education predicted test performance at visit 2 with baseline test performance being the strongest predictor for all outcome measures. For most outcome measures, both methods for the calculation of RCIs show agreement on whether or not a reliable change was observed.
Conclusions: RCIs for the digital tests enable clinicians to determine whether a measured change between assessments is due to real improvement or decline. Together, this contributes to the growing evidence for the clinical utility of the ISC platform.
{"title":"Test-retest reliability and reliable change index of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition digital test battery.","authors":"Laura Klaming, Mandy Spaltman, Stefan Vermeent, Gijs van Elswijk, Justin B Miller, Ben Schmand","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides the test-retest reliability and Reliable Change Indices (RCIs) of the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition (ISC) platform, which contains digitized versions of well-established neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>147 participants (ages 19 to 88) completed a digital cognitive test battery on the ISC platform or paper-pencil versions of the same test battery during two separate visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated separately for the ISC and analog test versions to compare reliabilities between administration modalities. RCIs were calculated for the digital tests using the practice-adjusted RCI and standardized regression-based (SRB) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Test-retest reliabilities for the ISC tests ranged from moderate to excellent and were comparable to the test-retest reliabilities for the paper-pencil tests. Baseline test performance, retest interval, age, and education predicted test performance at visit 2 with baseline test performance being the strongest predictor for all outcome measures. For most outcome measures, both methods for the calculation of RCIs show agreement on whether or not a reliable change was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RCIs for the digital tests enable clinicians to determine whether a measured change between assessments is due to real improvement or decline. Together, this contributes to the growing evidence for the clinical utility of the ISC platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1707-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315731
Julie K Janecek, Brittany Lang, Sakina Butt, Laura Kenealy, Amy Heffelfinger
Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine current procedures that are used to evaluate competency development in clinical neuropsychology at the postdoctoral level and to investigate policies and procedures for the management of performance that is below expectations during the postdoctoral fellowship.
Method: Clinical neuropsychology fellowship program directors were invited via email with multiple reminders to participate in an online survey between 1/26/2023 and 3/31/2023.
Results: Most programs administer a competency-based written evaluation of fellow performance (92%) and have a written policy for managing performance that is below expectations (86%). However, greater variability was reported regarding the use of other evaluation tools, including fellow self-assessments (46% of programs), program evaluations (57% of programs), supervisor evaluations (73% of programs), and exit interviews (82% of programs). Moreover, there was variability between programs with regard to the specific competencies that were measured and how performance that is below expectations is managed.
Conclusions: Competency-based evaluations and clear, written policies and procedures for management of performance that is below expectations are recommended. Such tools and policies provide clear expectations for fellowship outcomes, promote regular communication between fellows and supervisors, foster early identification of gaps in training, facilitate program quality improvement, and increase opportunities to support and intervene during the course of fellowship training.
{"title":"Survey of evaluation policies and procedures in clinical neuropsychology postdoctoral fellowship programs.","authors":"Julie K Janecek, Brittany Lang, Sakina Butt, Laura Kenealy, Amy Heffelfinger","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315731","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study were to examine current procedures that are used to evaluate competency development in clinical neuropsychology at the postdoctoral level and to investigate policies and procedures for the management of performance that is below expectations during the postdoctoral fellowship.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinical neuropsychology fellowship program directors were invited via email with multiple reminders to participate in an online survey between 1/26/2023 and 3/31/2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most programs administer a competency-based written evaluation of fellow performance (92%) and have a written policy for managing performance that is below expectations (86%). However, greater variability was reported regarding the use of other evaluation tools, including fellow self-assessments (46% of programs), program evaluations (57% of programs), supervisor evaluations (73% of programs), and exit interviews (82% of programs). Moreover, there was variability between programs with regard to the specific competencies that were measured and how performance that is below expectations is managed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Competency-based evaluations and clear, written policies and procedures for management of performance that is below expectations are recommended. Such tools and policies provide clear expectations for fellowship outcomes, promote regular communication between fellows and supervisors, foster early identification of gaps in training, facilitate program quality improvement, and increase opportunities to support and intervene during the course of fellowship training.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1501-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735
Eric O Ingram, Justin E Karr
Objective: Investigate whether a four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms (i.e. cognitive, physical, affective, and sleep-arousal) aids in identifying student-athletes with persistent concerns not reflected by a total symptom score. Method: Collegiate student-athletes (N = 32,066) from the Concussion Assessment Research and Education consortium completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition Symptom Evaluation at baseline and two post-injury follow-ups (i.e. beginning RTP and 6-month). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare a one- and four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms. Normative reference data were compared across stratifications (e.g. sex, prior concussions, and number of pre-existing conditions) using Mann-Whitney U tests, and elevation rates (i.e. 84th percentile) for subscales and the total score were recorded. Results: The four-factor model fit well before and after injury (CFIs > .95). Greater symptom severity on the subscale and total scores was associated with female sex (ps<.001, r range: .07 to .14) and more pre-existing conditions (ps<.001, 2 range: .01 to .04), while having more prior concussions was only related to total symptom scores (ps<.001, 2<.01). After a concussion, a sizeable portion of student-athletes (i.e., RTP = 11.8%; 6-month = 8.3%) had subscale elevations despite no total score elevation. Physical subscale elevations at RTP were the most common (i.e., 11.9%), driven by head and neck pain. Conclusion: After a sport-related concussion, a four-factor symptom model can be used to assess persistent symptoms in collegiate student-athletes. Identifying athletes with domain-specific elevations may help clinicians identify areas for further assessment and, in some cases, personalized rehabilitation plans.
{"title":"The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: A multidimensional symptom model for detecting elevated post-concussion symptoms.","authors":"Eric O Ingram, Justin E Karr","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Investigate whether a four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms (i.e. cognitive, physical, affective, and sleep-arousal) aids in identifying student-athletes with persistent concerns not reflected by a total symptom score. <b>Method:</b> Collegiate student-athletes (<i>N</i> = 32,066) from the Concussion Assessment Research and Education consortium completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition Symptom Evaluation at baseline and two post-injury follow-ups (i.e. beginning RTP and 6-month). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare a one- and four-factor model of post-concussion symptoms. Normative reference data were compared across stratifications (e.g. sex, prior concussions, and number of pre-existing conditions) using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, and elevation rates (i.e. <math><mrow><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math>84th percentile) for subscales and the total score were recorded. <b>Results:</b> The four-factor model fit well before and after injury (CFIs > .95). Greater symptom severity on the subscale and total scores was associated with female sex (<i>ps</i><.001, <i>r</i> range: .07 to .14) and more pre-existing conditions (<i>ps</i><.001, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></math><sup>2</sup> range: .01 to .04), while having more prior concussions was only related to total symptom scores (<i>ps</i><.001, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></math><sup>2</sup><.01). After a concussion, a sizeable portion of student-athletes (i.e., RTP = 11.8%; 6-month = 8.3%) had subscale elevations despite no total score elevation. Physical subscale elevations at RTP were the most common (i.e., 11.9%), driven by head and neck pain. <b>Conclusion:</b> After a sport-related concussion, a four-factor symptom model can be used to assess persistent symptoms in collegiate student-athletes. Identifying athletes with domain-specific elevations may help clinicians identify areas for further assessment and, in some cases, personalized rehabilitation plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1683-1706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315749
Miranda Zuniga-Kennedy, Olivia H Wang, Luciana M Fonseca, Michael J Cleveland, Jane D Bulger, Elizabeth Grinspoon, Devon Hansen, Zoë W Hawks, Laneé Jung, Shifali Singh, Martin Sliwinski, Alandra Verdejo, Kellee M Miller, Ruth S Weinstock, Laura Germine, Naomi Chaytor
Objective: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased risk for cognitive dysfunction and high rates of sleep disturbance. Despite associations between glycemia and cognitive performance using cross-sectional and experimental methods few studies have evaluated this relationship in a naturalistic setting, or the impact of nocturnal versus daytime hypoglycemia. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) may provide insight into the dynamic associations between cognition, affective, and physiological states. The current study couples EMA data with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to examine the within-person impact of nocturnal glycemia on next day cognitive performance in adults with T1D. Due to high rates of sleep disturbance and emotional distress in people with T1D, the potential impacts of sleep characteristics and negative affect were also evaluated.
Methods: This pilot study utilized EMA in 18 adults with T1D to examine the impact of glycemic excursions, measured using CGM, on cognitive performance, measured via mobile cognitive assessment using the TestMyBrain platform. Multilevel modeling was used to test the within-person effects of nocturnal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on next day cognition.
Results: Results indicated that increases in nocturnal hypoglycemia were associated with slower next day processing speed. This association was not significantly attenuated by negative affect, sleepiness, or sleep quality.
Conclusions: These results, while preliminary due to small sample size, showcase the power of intensive longitudinal designs using ambulatory cognitive assessment to uncover novel determinants of cognitive fluctuation in real world settings, an approach that may be utilized in other populations. Findings suggest reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia may improve cognition in adults with T1D.
{"title":"Nocturnal hypoglycemia is associated with next day cognitive performance in adults with type 1 diabetes: Pilot data from the GluCog study.","authors":"Miranda Zuniga-Kennedy, Olivia H Wang, Luciana M Fonseca, Michael J Cleveland, Jane D Bulger, Elizabeth Grinspoon, Devon Hansen, Zoë W Hawks, Laneé Jung, Shifali Singh, Martin Sliwinski, Alandra Verdejo, Kellee M Miller, Ruth S Weinstock, Laura Germine, Naomi Chaytor","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315749","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased risk for cognitive dysfunction and high rates of sleep disturbance. Despite associations between glycemia and cognitive performance using cross-sectional and experimental methods few studies have evaluated this relationship in a naturalistic setting, or the impact of nocturnal versus daytime hypoglycemia. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) may provide insight into the dynamic associations between cognition, affective, and physiological states. The current study couples EMA data with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to examine the within-person impact of nocturnal glycemia on next day cognitive performance in adults with T1D. Due to high rates of sleep disturbance and emotional distress in people with T1D, the potential impacts of sleep characteristics and negative affect were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> This pilot study utilized EMA in 18 adults with T1D to examine the impact of glycemic excursions, measured using CGM, on cognitive performance, measured <i>via</i> mobile cognitive assessment using the TestMyBrain platform. Multilevel modeling was used to test the within-person effects of nocturnal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on next day cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Results indicated that increases in nocturnal hypoglycemia were associated with slower next day processing speed. This association was not significantly attenuated by negative affect, sleepiness, or sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong> These results, while preliminary due to small sample size, showcase the power of intensive longitudinal designs using ambulatory cognitive assessment to uncover novel determinants of cognitive fluctuation in real world settings, an approach that may be utilized in other populations. Findings suggest reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia may improve cognition in adults with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1627-1646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11336034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2405086
Jenna A Chiang, Laura K Winstone-Weide, Dave F Clarke, Rosario C DeLeon
Objective: Epilepsy disproportionally affects children from Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, particularly among those born outside the U.S. Longstanding health-related disparities associated with ethnicity (e.g. language use) further contribute to gaps in care. Neuropsychologists are beginning to outline best practices when working with non-English speakers; however, the lack of appropriately normed/validated measures for pre-surgical language evaluation is a limiting factor. This report informs practices among neuropsychologists by discussing atypical language organization in a non-English speaker using a multicultural framework and collaborative therapeutic assessment process. Method: The current study presents a 16-year-old, right-handed, monolingual Spanish-speaking, Latina designated female with drug-resistant focal seizures with impaired awareness. Comprehensive presurgical epilepsy workup included: CBC, video EEG, brain MRI, functional MRI, PET, MEG, baseline neuropsychological evaluation by bilingual Spanish-English providers, and Wada testing. Results: Neuropsychological testing revealed the most pronounced deficits in language, working memory, and processing speed domains. Functional MRI showed bilateral language activation, which Wada testing confirmed along with bilateral memory representation. Conclusion: Diagnosis, treatment, surgical intervention, and post-operative status are discussed. The clinical course is examined through a multicultural lens, highlighting limitations in international health services, barriers accessing health care in the U.S., and patient-specific factors that were considered as a part of the clinical decision-making process. Targeted recommendations related to culturally-informed care are offered.
{"title":"Atypical language organization in a Spanish-speaking adolescent with drug-resistant epilepsy: a multicultural case report.","authors":"Jenna A Chiang, Laura K Winstone-Weide, Dave F Clarke, Rosario C DeLeon","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2405086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2405086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Epilepsy disproportionally affects children from Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, particularly among those born outside the U.S. Longstanding health-related disparities associated with ethnicity (e.g. language use) further contribute to gaps in care. Neuropsychologists are beginning to outline best practices when working with non-English speakers; however, the lack of appropriately normed/validated measures for pre-surgical language evaluation is a limiting factor. This report informs practices among neuropsychologists by discussing atypical language organization in a non-English speaker using a multicultural framework and collaborative therapeutic assessment process. <b>Method</b>: The current study presents a 16-year-old, right-handed, monolingual Spanish-speaking, Latina designated female with drug-resistant focal seizures with impaired awareness. Comprehensive presurgical epilepsy workup included: CBC, video EEG, brain MRI, functional MRI, PET, MEG, baseline neuropsychological evaluation by bilingual Spanish-English providers, and Wada testing. <b>Results</b>: Neuropsychological testing revealed the most pronounced deficits in language, working memory, and processing speed domains. Functional MRI showed bilateral language activation, which Wada testing confirmed along with bilateral memory representation. <b>Conclusion</b>: Diagnosis, treatment, surgical intervention, and post-operative status are discussed. The clinical course is examined through a multicultural lens, highlighting limitations in international health services, barriers accessing health care in the U.S., and patient-specific factors that were considered as a part of the clinical decision-making process. Targeted recommendations related to culturally-informed care are offered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}