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NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF DUAL LATEROLOG IN CAVERNOUS RESERVOIRS ON THE BASIS OF 3D‐FEM 基于三维有限元法的洞穴型储层双侧向数值模拟及特征分析
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30044
Wang Lei, Fan Yi-ren, Gao Yan-Wu, Fan Zhuo-Ying, Wu Zhenguan
Cavernous carbonate formations are characterized by strong heterogeneity, which results in the complex electric logging responses and the difficulty in the logging identification and evaluation. Numerical simulation of electric logging tools is helpful to figure out the logging response characteristics in these formations and could provide theoretical support for cave recognition and evaluation. In this paper, based on three dimensional finite element methods, a local refinement technique is adopted for the accurate discretization and simulation of complex sphere caves. Then, the response characteristics and sensitivity of dual laterolog to caves around and penetrated by wellbore are analyzed, finally the differences of sensitive scope between deep and shallow laterolog are studied. The results show that the dual laterolog response decreases significantly when cave exists. Affected by cave boundary and the investigation depth of dual laterolog tool, the logging response for caves penetrated by wellbore is very complicated, however it exhibits parabolic-like characteristic for caves around wellbore. Compared with caves around wellbore, the dual laterolog is much more sensitive to caves penetrated by wellbore. For caves around wellbore, the maximum sensitive distance for deep and shallow laterolog between the cave boundary and well wall is 0.5 m and 0.3 m, respectively.
海绵状碳酸盐岩地层具有较强的非均质性,导致测井响应复杂,测井识别和评价困难。电测井工具的数值模拟有助于了解这些地层的测井响应特征,为洞穴识别和评价提供理论支持。本文在三维有限元方法的基础上,采用局部细化技术对复杂球形洞穴进行精确离散化和模拟。然后,分析了双侧向测井对井筒周围洞穴和穿透洞穴的响应特性和敏感性,最后研究了深、浅侧向测井敏感范围的差异。结果表明,当存在溶洞时,双侧向测井响应显著降低。受洞穴边界和双侧向测井工具探测深度的影响,井筒穿透洞穴的测井响应非常复杂,但对井筒周围的洞穴表现出抛物线状特征。与井筒周围的洞穴相比,双侧向测井对井筒穿透的洞穴更加敏感。对于井筒周围的洞穴,洞穴边界与井壁之间的深、浅侧向测井最大敏感距离分别为0.5m和0.3m。
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引用次数: 5
COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER SCHEMES IN WRF MODEL BETWEEN CLEAR AND OVERCAST DAYS WRF模型中几种行星边界层方案的比较分析
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30034
Wang Chenggang, S. Ying-jie, Luojie Feng, Cao Le, Yang Jiade, Jiang Hai-mei
In the present study, several most commonly used planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes in the WRF model are utilized together with the observational data at Shouxian (from August to December, 2008). The present work is a part of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy installed at Shouxian in China. In this study, we compared the simulation effect of meteorological elements and the structure of PBL over typical farmlands underlying surface from different parameterization schemes between clear and overcast days. The observational results revealed that for the simulation of cloud status, non-local schemes such as ACM2 and YSU are superior to the local schemes. Further, the ACM2 scheme is better in simulating temperature and vapor at a height of 2 m from the surface, and the MYJ scheme has an advantage over other schemes when simulating the wind direction or its speed. Also, for the simulation of potential temperature and vapor profile, non-local schemes (ACM2 and YSU) are superior to the local schemes both during clear and overcast days. It is depicted that the ACM2 scheme has better advantages when simulating under weak stable conditions and humidity inversion structure during night time. Moreover, for the simulation of wind speed profile, the MYJ and MYNN2.5 schemes are the best respectively during the clear and overcast days, under unstable day time condition. However, when considering weak stable condition, ACM2 scheme has a minimum deviation on clear days and YSU scheme is the best choice on overcast days. From the overall results, ACM2 scheme is superior both on clear and overcast days, when simulation is based on typical farmland underlying surface.
在本研究中,WRF模型中几种最常用的行星边界层(PBL)参数化方案与寿县(2008年8-12月)的观测数据一起使用。目前的工作是美国能源部支持的在中国寿县安装的大气辐射测量(ARM)设施的一部分。在本研究中,我们比较了不同参数化方案在晴天和阴天之间对典型农田下垫面的气象要素和PBL结构的模拟效果。观测结果表明,对于云状态的模拟,ACM2和YSU等非局部方案优于局部方案。此外,ACM2方案在模拟距离表面2m高度的温度和蒸汽方面更好,并且在模拟风向或风速时,MYJ方案比其他方案具有优势。此外,对于潜在温度和蒸汽剖面的模拟,无论在晴天还是阴天,非局部方案(ACM2和YSU)都优于局部方案。结果表明,ACM2方案在弱稳定条件和夜间逆温结构下进行模拟时具有较好的优越性。此外,对于风速剖面的模拟,在不稳定的白天条件下,MYJ和MYNN2.5方案分别在晴天和阴天是最好的。然而,当考虑弱稳定条件时,ACM2方案在晴天的偏差最小,YSU方案在阴天是最佳选择。从总体结果来看,当基于典型农田下垫面的模拟时,ACM2方案在晴天和阴天都是优越的。
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引用次数: 4
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMISSION INTENSITIES IN DAYSIDE AURORAL ARCS AND PRECIPITATING ELECTRON SPECTRA 日侧极光弧发射强度与沉淀电子能谱的相关性
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30023
Qiu Qi, Y. Huigen, Lu Quan-Ming, Huang Ze-jun
More than 20000 dayside auroral arcs of the 557.7 and 630.0 nm emission intensities have been statistically studied, and the dependences of the I557.7/I630.0 ratio on the I557.7 emission intensity have been determined. The 557.7 nm emission intensity has two maximum values in the hot spot and warm spot regions, with average values of 2.2 and 2.9 kR, respectively. But there is a maximum near magnetic noon for 630.0 nm emission intensity, with an average value of 1.5 kR. In the I557.7 emission range 0.1~10 kR, the I557.7/I630.0 ratio tends to increase from 0.2 to 9. The correlation between emission intensity and precipitating electron spectra has been investigated using 17 cases of DMSP passing through 40 auroral arcs above Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station (YRS). We obtain the equations that the average energy of the electrons is proportional to the I557.7/I630.0 ratio. There is a positive correlation between the total energy flux of the electrons and the I557.7 emission intensity. The typical region of electron precipitation, where the auroral arcs were observed, was the boundary plasma sheet (BPS) in the prenoon and postnoon sectors. We also found some low-energy precipitating electrons from the region of mantle, where the arcs are located poleward of dayside auroral oval. The magnetic source region of the precipitating electrons with low energy was identified as the low latitude boundary layer (LLBL) adjacent to magnetic noon. Arcs are located in the lower latitude in this region.
对557.7和630.0 nm发射强度的2万多个日侧极光弧进行了统计研究,确定了I557.7/I630.0比值与I557.7发射强度的依赖关系。557.7 nm发射强度在热点区和暖斑区有两个最大值,平均值分别为2.2 kR和2.9 kR。630.0 nm发射强度在磁午线附近有最大值,平均为1.5 kR,在I557.7 0.1~10 kR发射范围内,I557.7/I630.0比值有从0.2增大到9的趋势。利用中国北极黄河站(YRS)上空经过40个极光弧的17次DMSP观测,研究了发射强度与沉淀电子能谱的相关性。我们得到了电子的平均能量与I557.7/I630.0比值成正比的方程。电子的总能量通量与I557.7的发射强度呈正相关。观测到极光弧的典型电子沉淀区域是午前和午后扇区的边界等离子体片(BPS)。我们还发现了一些来自地幔区域的低能沉淀电子,这些弧位于日光侧极光椭圆的极地。低能沉降电子的磁源区确定为临近磁午时的低纬度边界层。在这个地区,弧位于低纬度。
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引用次数: 6
TIME‐DOMAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFUSION AND IMAGING DEPTH FOR AIRBORNE ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA 机载电磁数据的时域电磁扩散和成像深度
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30025
Yin Chang-chun, Qiu Changkai, L. Yunhe, Cai Jing
To study the electromagnetic (EM) diffusion of a time-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) system, we first calculate the frequency-domain EM field inside the earth based on the continuity boundary condition and then transform it into time-domain via a Fourier transform. We calculate the EM fields induced by a step pulse for a homogeneous half-space and a two-layer earth model and display the EM diffusion in the earth as 2D vectors or 3D animated time-varying contours (like the “smoke ring”). These time-domain current rings display the true EM diffusion, because they demonstrate the spatial variation and decay of underground EM fields with time. The study of the EM current rings shows that the EM diffusion is strongly influenced by the resistivity structure inside the earth. In a conductive earth, the current ring diffuses slowly but decays fast, while in a resistive earth it diffuses fast but decays slowly. The induced current for a vertical magnetic dipole forms a single current ring that propagates with time outward and downward, while for a horizontal magnetic dipole, the induced current forms two stacked current rings in the underground, diffusing with time into the deep earth. Based on the EM current ring, we find that the imaging depth for AEM data is about 0.55 times the EM diffusion depth. By showing the underground induced current as vectors and 3D time-varying animated contours, the EM diffusion and smoke ring are clearly observed. An animated EM smoke ring offers more information than a static contour of current density. The relation between imaging depth and diffusion depth is further confirmed by the smoke rings. Study on EM smoke ring can not only offer an insight into EM diffusion in the earth, but can also assist in airborne EM data interpretation.
为了研究时域机载电磁(AEM)系统的电磁扩散,首先基于连续边界条件计算地球内部的频域电磁场,然后通过傅里叶变换将其转换为时域。我们计算了均匀半空间和双层地球模型中阶跃脉冲诱发的电磁场,并以二维矢量或三维动画时变轮廓(如“烟圈”)的形式显示了地球中的电磁扩散。这些时域电流环反映了地下电磁场随时间的空间变化和衰减,显示了真实的电磁扩散。电磁电流环的研究表明,电磁扩散受地球内部电阻率结构的强烈影响。在导电接地中,电流环扩散缓慢,但衰减快,而在电阻接地中,电流环扩散快,但衰减慢。垂直磁偶极子的感应电流形成一个单一的电流环,随着时间向外和向下传播,而水平磁偶极子的感应电流在地下形成两个堆叠的电流环,随着时间扩散到地球深处。基于EM电流环,我们发现AEM数据的成像深度约为EM扩散深度的0.55倍。通过显示地下感应电流矢量和三维时变动画轮廓,可以清楚地观察到电磁扩散和烟圈。动态的电磁烟圈比静态的电流密度轮廓提供了更多的信息。烟圈进一步证实了成像深度与扩散深度之间的关系。对电磁烟圈的研究不仅可以深入了解电磁在地球上的扩散情况,还可以辅助航空电磁数据的解释。
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引用次数: 3
A STUDY ON THE ROCK PHYSICS MODEL OF GAS RESERVOIR IN TIGHT SANDSTONE 致密砂岩气藏岩石物理模型研究
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30028
Wang Da-xing
According to the ultrasonic data of 51 measured core samples from 17 wells in the Sulige gas field, 304 groups of elastic parameters data including VP/VS and Poisson's ratio are obtained corresponding to different porosities and water saturations. The optimized rock physics corrections among the bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, and gas saturation indicate that the Brie model (e=2) can fairly characterize the properties of upper Paleozoic Permian H8 reservoir in the Sulige gas field. Therefore, the proposed rock physics is able to estimate the physical parameters variation of tight sandstone reservoirs with gas-bearing saturation level. The proposed rock physics model is applied to predict gas-water reservoir by utilizing multi-wave seismic data of the Sulige gas field. The field test indicates that this model is capable of characterizing attributes of the target zone and predicting the gas-bearing reservoir.
根据苏里格气田17口井51份实测岩心的超声数据,得到了304组不同孔隙度和含水饱和度对应的VP/VS、泊松比等弹性参数数据。体积模量、泊松比、含气饱和度的优化岩石物理校正表明,Brie模型(e=2)能较好地表征苏里格气田上古生界二叠系H8储层的物性。因此,所建立的岩石物理模型能够估计致密砂岩储层的物性参数随含气饱和度的变化。利用苏里格气田多波地震资料,将所建立的岩石物理模型应用于气水储层预测。现场试验表明,该模型能较好地表征目标层属性,预测含气储层。
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引用次数: 19
LOCATING OF CONCEALED SKARN IRON ORE DEPOSIT BASED ON MULTIVARIATE INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS: A CASE STUDY OF BEIYA GOLD MINE IN YUNNAN PROVINCE 基于多元信息约束的隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿床定位——以云南北崖金矿为例
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30029
Wang Qiao, Wang Xu-ben, Yang Jian, Minseok Gang, Guo Jing
Skarn deposit is one of the main gold-polymetallic deposits in Beiya, Yunnan, and constrained by its porphyries, structures and stratums, the favorable ore-prospecting spaces are contact zones between intermediateacid rocks and carbonatite. Based on the physical characteristics of rocks, we realized the transition between target geological body and the geophysical field and extracted the useful information. Skarn iron deposits are characterized by low-medium resistivity in contact zone, low density of porphyries, high susceptibility and high polarizability of the iron ore. Utilizing the geological and geophysical information, we analyzed ore-controlling factors in different stages, implemented the locating of concealed skarn iron deposits, established a geophysical exploration mode, verified the validity of the study method on the periphery of the ore district and obtained favorable exploration results. We also proposed a locating and predicting method for the concealed skarn iron deposits, which is applicable to Beiya and other similar ore-forming geological conditions.
夕卡岩矿床是云南北崖地区主要的金多金属矿床之一,受斑岩、构造和地层的制约,中酸性岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带是有利的找矿空间。根据岩石的物理特征,实现了目标地质体与地球物理场之间的转换,提取出有用的信息。矽卡岩铁矿具有接触带低中电阻率、斑岩密度低、铁矿高磁化率和高极化率的特点。利用地质和地球物理资料,分析了不同阶段控矿因素,实现了隐伏矽卡岩铁矿的定位,建立了地球物理找矿模式。在矿区外围验证了研究方法的有效性,取得了良好的找矿效果。提出了隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿的定位预测方法,适用于北崖及其他类似成矿地质条件。
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引用次数: 3
INTERPRETATION OF CSAMT SINGLE-COMPONENT DATA csamt单组分数据的解释
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30030
Yan Shu, Xue Guo-qiang, Qiu Weizhong, Zhou Nannan
Following the magnetotelluric method, the apparent resistivity of the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric method is usually derived from the ratio of electric field and magnetic field. For CSAMT, as the source power current density is known, both of the electric and magnetic field components are related to the resistivity of the earth. The apparent resistivity can be obtained from the single electric field or magnetic field. In this paper, we put forward the inversion and interpretation methods for component data of CSAMT after analyzing the data features. During the curve fitting inversion, in order to deduct real formation and obtain finer resistivity-depth section, the number of frequency of curves is regarded as the inversion earth layers number. The all-zone electric component apparent resistivity inversion is developed. Then, the phase is introduced into the inversion process to cancel the static offset. The prospecting for water-filled goaf in Shanxi Province suggests that the single component interpretation is useful.
可控源音频大地电磁法的视电阻率与大地电磁法相同,通常由电场与磁场之比求得。对于CSAMT,由于源功率电流密度已知,因此电场分量和磁场分量都与大地电阻率有关。视电阻率可由单一电场或磁场求得。本文在分析CSAMT分量数据特征的基础上,提出了CSAMT分量数据的反演和解释方法。在曲线拟合反演时,为了推导出真实地层,得到更精细的电阻率-深度剖面,将曲线频率数作为反演的层数。建立了全区电元件视电阻率反演方法。然后,在反演过程中引入相位来抵消静态偏移。山西充水采空区找矿表明单分量解释是有用的。
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引用次数: 4
STRATIFIED CRUSTAL ANISOTROPY FROM RECEIVER FUNCTION AND ITS PARTICLE SWARM INVERSION 接收函数及其粒子群反演的分层地壳各向异性
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30027
Qi Shao-hua, L. Qi-yuan, Chen Jiu-hui, Guo Biao
Crustal anisotropy at multiple depths is essential for studying the vertical variation of crustal deformation. Due to the complexity of the crust, mapping the crustal anisotropy at different depth from teleseismic receiver function (RF) is an ongoing subject that requires further studies. Based on the previous works, this paper goes further to discuss the RF wavefield pattern of stratified crustal anisotropy by means of the generalized reflection and transmission coefficients method, which provides us a new theoretical basis for understanding the RF data with stratified anisotropic crustal models. In addition, we develop a global inversion method for extracting stratified anisotropic models based on the particle swarm algorithm. The test results from both numerical and real data show that, our method can correctly recover the depth-dependent anisotropic parameters from the RF data and distinguish different anisotropic layers of the crust, as long as isotropic velocity model is well determined. Noise suppression in data processing via curvelet transform is useful for the analysis of crustal anisotropy.
多深度地壳各向异性是研究地壳形变纵向变化的必要条件。由于地壳的复杂性,利用远震接收函数(RF)绘制不同深度的地壳各向异性是一个有待进一步研究的课题。本文在前人工作的基础上,利用广义反射和透射系数法进一步讨论了分层地壳各向异性的射频波场图,为我们理解分层地壳各向异性模型的射频数据提供了新的理论依据。此外,我们还开发了一种基于粒子群算法的分层各向异性模型提取的全局反演方法。数值和实际数据的测试结果表明,只要确定各向同性速度模型,该方法可以正确地从射频数据中恢复出与深度相关的各向异性参数,并区分出地壳的不同各向异性层。曲线变换数据处理中的噪声抑制有助于分析地壳各向异性。
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引用次数: 2
HIGH RESOLUTION RESISTIVITY DETECTING AND REMOTE INTERNET MONITORING OF COALFIELD FIRE 煤田火灾高分辨率电阻率探测与远程互联网监测
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30031
Cao Qinghua, Yan Shu, Xue Guo-qiang, Zhu Na
For detecting, controlling and monitoring the coalfield fire area, we deeply integrated Internet innovative achievement into traditional geological exploration technology, and developed a permanent wireless sensor network remote monitoring system with the functions of detecting the range and central temperature of fire area, continuous collection, high temperature detection, remote control, etc. The new sensor node, which can be connected with pole-dipole device, was designed and deployed in the underground fire zone roadway for monitoring. The solar power supply device with protective circuit supplied continuous enough energy to on-site data collection network. The data was transmitted to monitoring center through the mobile connection network and Internet for remote control and monitoring. The developed monitoring system that was deployed simultaneously in 12 fire areas of Xinjiang has been working for 45 months, which means technical measures can guarantee long-term stability maintenance free operation of the monitoring system. Urumqi monitoring center has received more than 1.1 million field data that can be preserved permanently and queried freely after authorization. This information provided basic data for the management of large area of coal spontaneous combustion fire area in Xinjiang. The results show that fully utilizing the Internet for optimization and integration in geophysical exploration and monitoring has the vital significance to promote coal geological exploration innovation and production capacity.
针对煤田火区的探测、控制和监测,我们将互联网创新成果与传统地质勘探技术深度融合,开发了具有火区范围和中心温度探测、连续采集、高温探测、远程控制等功能的永久性无线传感器网络远程监测系统。设计了一种新型传感器节点,该节点可与极-偶极装置连接,并部署在地下火区巷道中进行监测。带有保护电路的太阳能供电装置为现场数据采集网络持续提供足够的能量。数据通过移动连接网络和Internet传输到监控中心进行远程控制和监控。开发的监测系统已在新疆12个火区同时部署,已运行45个月,这意味着技术措施可以保证监测系统的长期稳定维护和自由运行。乌鲁木齐监测中心已接收110余万份现场数据,经授权可永久保存,可自由查询。这些信息为新疆大面积煤炭自燃火区的管理提供了基础数据。结果表明,充分利用互联网进行物探监测优化集成,对促进煤炭地质勘查创新和提高产能具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
THE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFORMATION FIELD CAUSED BY THREE GREAT EARTHQUAKES IN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS VICINITY SINCE 2001 2001年以来青藏高原及邻近地区三次大地震形变场的分布特征
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/CJG2.30026
Zhang Yuan-sheng, Zheng Xiao-jing, W. Lanmin
Based on a viscous-elastic crustal model with constraint conditions from GPS and seismic dislocation data and adopting the finite element method, we analyzed the crustal deformation characteristics caused by 2001 Kunlun Mountain M S 8.1, 2008 Wenchuan M S 8.0 and 2015 Nepal M S 8.1 earthquakes, obtained the displacement and deformation field. These earthquakes have occurred in the north, east, and south margins of the Tibetan Plateau respectively. Our primary results suggest obvious differences in deformation regimes, seismogenic fault geometry and source parameters, as well as crustal deformation patters despite the substantially similar magnitudes. These differences caused by seismogenic fault nature and subsurface structures are mainly manifested by different scopes of deformed regions and different strain amplitudes. Through these simulation results, we can detect more about the distribution characteristics of stress loading and unloading area caused by large earthquakes. Moreover, it plays an important role in forecasting the earthquake possibility of seismogenic region.
基于GPS和地震位错数据建立约束条件下的粘弹性地壳模型,采用有限元方法,分析了2001年昆仑山8.1级地震、2008年汶川8.0级地震和2015年尼泊尔8.1级地震引起的地壳变形特征,得到了位移和变形场。这些地震分别发生在青藏高原的北部、东部和南部边缘。我们的初步结果表明,尽管震级基本相似,但在变形机制、发震断层几何形状和震源参数以及地壳变形模式方面存在明显差异。这些差异是由发震断层性质和地下构造造成的,主要表现为不同的变形区域范围和不同的应变幅值。通过这些模拟结果,我们可以更多地了解大地震引起的应力加卸载区的分布特征。此外,它在预测发震区的地震可能性方面也起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 1
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地球物理学报
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