Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N2.90725
R. C. Nali, R. A. F. Turin, C. Prado
Complex courtships have been described for neotropical frogs, but detailed quantifications of calls emitted during this behavior are still rare. Herein, we describe the courtship call of Bokermannohyla ibitiguara, a gladiator tree frog from the Brazilian Cerrado, as well as the female behavior during courtship, and the clutch characteristics. Moreover, we statistically compare the acoustic parameters of the advertisement and courtship calls. We observed that the female also touches the male during courtship and that the courtship call is overall similar to the long note of the advertisement call. However, we uncovered significant differences in frequencies and pulses between these two call types emitted by the same male. This ability to modify call parameters is consistent with previous results in aggressive contexts and reinforces sexual selection as a strong mechanism shaping call variation in this species. This is the third courtship call described for the genus and we emphasize that the description of rare behaviors, even in artificial conditions, is important to advance the field of behavioral ecology across taxa.
{"title":"The courtship call of Bokermannohyla ibitiguara (Anura: Hylidae) and details of its mating behavior","authors":"R. C. Nali, R. A. F. Turin, C. Prado","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N2.90725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N2.90725","url":null,"abstract":"Complex courtships have been described for neotropical frogs, but detailed quantifications of calls emitted during this behavior are still rare. Herein, we describe the courtship call of Bokermannohyla ibitiguara, a gladiator tree frog from the Brazilian Cerrado, as well as the female behavior during courtship, and the clutch characteristics. Moreover, we statistically compare the acoustic parameters of the advertisement and courtship calls. We observed that the female also touches the male during courtship and that the courtship call is overall similar to the long note of the advertisement call. However, we uncovered significant differences in frequencies and pulses between these two call types emitted by the same male. This ability to modify call parameters is consistent with previous results in aggressive contexts and reinforces sexual selection as a strong mechanism shaping call variation in this species. This is the third courtship call described for the genus and we emphasize that the description of rare behaviors, even in artificial conditions, is important to advance the field of behavioral ecology across taxa.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84650
Alexis Díaz, Pamela Ayala, Elizabeth Valdiviezo, J. Mendoza, Kathia Silva, Rolf Rivas, D. Cornelio, Fabiola Guardia, Yaquelin Tenorio, Rocío Calsina, L. Alvariño, J. Iannacone
Despite molting is an important and expensive activity in the life cycle of birds, this process is poorly known for neotropical species and even less so for species inhabiting urban zones. We studied molt patterns, aging and sexing criteria, and morphometrics for seven common resident species in an urban area of Lima city, Peru. All species evidenced complete prebasic molts. Partial to eccentric incomplete preformative molts were evidenced for six species (Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola, and Thraupis episcopus); whereas Columbina cruziana exhibited a complete molt. All thraupid species exhibited partial prealternate molts. Preformative and prebasic molts were recorded mostly during the dry season, and the few records of prealternate molts might suggest its occurrence soon after the wet season. Our species also exhibited low molt synchrony, with some of them (C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. flaveola) exhibiting extensive molt periods likely explained by its potential to reproduce throughout the year and/or the existence of suspended/ protracted molts. Morphometric analysis evidenced significant differences according to sex for C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. analis, with the wing chord being the most common characteristic for distinguishing between sexes. Our study covers an important gap in the knowledge of the natural history of urban birds and provides information to test hypotheses of molt pattern variation on species with widespread distribution throughout the Americas.
{"title":"Molt patterns and age and sex determination criteria for selected landbirds in an urban area of the Peruvian Central Coast","authors":"Alexis Díaz, Pamela Ayala, Elizabeth Valdiviezo, J. Mendoza, Kathia Silva, Rolf Rivas, D. Cornelio, Fabiola Guardia, Yaquelin Tenorio, Rocío Calsina, L. Alvariño, J. Iannacone","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84650","url":null,"abstract":"Despite molting is an important and expensive activity in the life cycle of birds, this process is poorly known for neotropical species and even less so for species inhabiting urban zones. We studied molt patterns, aging and sexing criteria, and morphometrics for seven common resident species in an urban area of Lima city, Peru. All species evidenced complete prebasic molts. Partial to eccentric incomplete preformative molts were evidenced for six species (Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola, and Thraupis episcopus); whereas Columbina cruziana exhibited a complete molt. All thraupid species exhibited partial prealternate molts. Preformative and prebasic molts were recorded mostly during the dry season, and the few records of prealternate molts might suggest its occurrence soon after the wet season. Our species also exhibited low molt synchrony, with some of them (C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. flaveola) exhibiting extensive molt periods likely explained by its potential to reproduce throughout the year and/or the existence of suspended/ protracted molts. Morphometric analysis evidenced significant differences according to sex for C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. analis, with the wing chord being the most common characteristic for distinguishing between sexes. Our study covers an important gap in the knowledge of the natural history of urban birds and provides information to test hypotheses of molt pattern variation on species with widespread distribution throughout the Americas.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48693148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88156
F. F. V. A. Barberena, Roberto Da Silva, R. C. Lopes
Orchidaceae is the most diverse botanical family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 79 genera and 250 species. Vegetation in Rio de Janeiro is mostly restricted to small fragments of Atlantic Forest, many of which are located within conservation units and act as refuges for flora. Some of the best-known postcards of the city, such as Corcovado and Sugar Loaf mountains, and the Christ the Redeemer statue, are located within rban conservation units. This work presents the results of a floristic-taxonomic study of Orchidaceae in the Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha), a state park located extremely near the famous Copacabana beach in the heart of Rio de Janeiro. Brief morphological descriptions of the species are provided and an identification key for the orchids of PE Chacrinha is presented, based mainly on vegetative morphological characters. Orchidaceae of PE Chacrinha is represented by thirteen genera and 16 species, most of which restricted to Brazil, seven of them are also endemic to the Atlantic Forest, or South America and occur as terricolous or rupicolous. We highlighted the occurrences of Acianthera limae, Epidendrum ammophilum and Prescottia spiranthophylla, species that grow exclusively or predominantly on rocky outcrops. With these findings, our goal is to raise awareness among the local population about the importance of conserving the regional flora; estimulate visits to PE Chacrinha and promote the inclusion of this conservation unit in the tourist tinerary of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
{"title":"Copacabana is more than a beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the orchid flora of Parque Estadual da Chacrinha","authors":"F. F. V. A. Barberena, Roberto Da Silva, R. C. Lopes","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88156","url":null,"abstract":"Orchidaceae is the most diverse botanical family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 79 genera and 250 species. Vegetation in Rio de Janeiro is mostly restricted to small fragments of Atlantic Forest, many of which are located within conservation units and act as refuges for flora. Some of the best-known postcards of the city, such as Corcovado and Sugar Loaf mountains, and the Christ the Redeemer statue, are located within rban conservation units. This work presents the results of a floristic-taxonomic study of Orchidaceae in the Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha), a state park located extremely near the famous Copacabana beach in the heart of Rio de Janeiro. Brief morphological descriptions of the species are provided and an identification key for the orchids of PE Chacrinha is presented, based mainly on vegetative morphological characters. Orchidaceae of PE Chacrinha is represented by thirteen genera and 16 species, most of which restricted to Brazil, seven of them are also endemic to the Atlantic Forest, or South America and occur as terricolous or rupicolous. We highlighted the occurrences of Acianthera limae, Epidendrum ammophilum and Prescottia spiranthophylla, species that grow exclusively or predominantly on rocky outcrops. With these findings, our goal is to raise awareness among the local population about the importance of conserving the regional flora; estimulate visits to PE Chacrinha and promote the inclusion of this conservation unit in the tourist tinerary of the city of Rio de Janeiro.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44258575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.87376
Bruna Medeiros Chaviel, Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas, F. Corrêa, Emily Costa Silveira, M. A. Afonso Coimbra, G. Müller
Data about the diet of the freshwater turtles Acanthochelys spixii and Hydromedusa tectifera from southern Brazil populations remain little known. In this context, the digestive tract of 21 A. spixii and 20 of H. tectifera individuals from three municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were examined. The food items were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level, quantified, and conserved in ethanol 70°GL. The frequency of occurrence (F %) and volume percentage (V %) were estimated, as well as the food importance index (IAi %). The range of the trophic niche and the feeding strategy of both species were analyzed. The diet of A. spixii and H. tectifera was compared through the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). Both species presented a generalist food strategy, consuming mainly insects, represented by Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, and Diptera. There was no significant difference in the volume of items consumed by both species (Mann-Whitney test, z =-0.387, P = 0.69). Concerning the trophic niche range, we observed low values for both species, it was of 0.41 for A. spixii and 0.39 for H. tectifera suggesting a more restricted diet with uniformity in food consumption, however, we highlight that a more restricted diet does not suggest a trophic specialization, because the availability of food items have variation in time and space. The study contributed information on the diet of species in the region, generating data that can be used in programs for the conservation of species and their habitats.
{"title":"Diet of Acanthochelys spixii and Hydromedusa tectifera (Chelidae) in the southern Brazil","authors":"Bruna Medeiros Chaviel, Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas, F. Corrêa, Emily Costa Silveira, M. A. Afonso Coimbra, G. Müller","doi":"10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.87376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.87376","url":null,"abstract":"Data about the diet of the freshwater turtles Acanthochelys spixii and Hydromedusa tectifera from southern Brazil populations remain little known. In this context, the digestive tract of 21 A. spixii and 20 of H. tectifera individuals from three municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were examined. The food items were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level, quantified, and conserved in ethanol 70°GL. The frequency of occurrence (F %) and volume percentage (V %) were estimated, as well as the food importance index (IAi %). The range of the trophic niche and the feeding strategy of both species were analyzed. The diet of A. spixii and H. tectifera was compared through the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). Both species presented a generalist food strategy, consuming mainly insects, represented by Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, and Diptera. There was no significant difference in the volume of items consumed by both species (Mann-Whitney test, z =-0.387, P = 0.69). Concerning the trophic niche range, we observed low values for both species, it was of 0.41 for A. spixii and 0.39 for H. tectifera suggesting a more restricted diet with uniformity in food consumption, however, we highlight that a more restricted diet does not suggest a trophic specialization, because the availability of food items have variation in time and space. The study contributed information on the diet of species in the region, generating data that can be used in programs for the conservation of species and their habitats.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.91416
Javier López-Tirado
El género Isoetes spertenece a la clase Lycopodiopsida (Licófitos). El genero está generalmente poco representado en colecciones debido a la falta de caracteres diagnósticos y a ser poco conspicuo. La distribución actual de las especies del género Isoetes en la provincia de Córdoba se proporciona en una resolución de 1 km2 a partir de varias fuentes: (i) pliegos de los herbarios COA, COFC, MGC, SEV, GDA y GDAC; (ii) 107 nuevas observaciones llevadas a cabo desde el año 2012, y (iii) consulta de publicaciones y bases de datos. Nueve pliegos de herbario han sido correctamente identificados. La especie más frecuente es I. histrix, que se presupone bien representada en la mitad norte de la provincia. El resto de especies, Isoetes durieui, I. longissima e I. delilei, son menos comunes. Con el presente trabajo se actualiza la distribución de este género en la provincia de Córdoba (España), donde algunas de sus especies están catalogadas como amenazadas.
{"title":"Actualización de la distribución del género Isoetes (Isoetaceae) en el sur de España (Córdoba, Andalucía)","authors":"Javier López-Tirado","doi":"10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.91416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.91416","url":null,"abstract":"El género Isoetes spertenece a la clase Lycopodiopsida (Licófitos). El genero está generalmente poco representado en colecciones debido a la falta de caracteres diagnósticos y a ser poco conspicuo. La distribución actual de las especies del género Isoetes en la provincia de Córdoba se proporciona en una resolución de 1 km2 a partir de varias fuentes: (i) pliegos de los herbarios COA, COFC, MGC, SEV, GDA y GDAC; (ii) 107 nuevas observaciones llevadas a cabo desde el año 2012, y (iii) consulta de publicaciones y bases de datos. Nueve pliegos de herbario han sido correctamente identificados. La especie más frecuente es I. histrix, que se presupone bien representada en la mitad norte de la provincia. El resto de especies, Isoetes durieui, I. longissima e I. delilei, son menos comunes. Con el presente trabajo se actualiza la distribución de este género en la provincia de Córdoba (España), donde algunas de sus especies están catalogadas como amenazadas.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43707699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84019
Leidy Yuliana Vallejo-Mayo, Orlando Rivera-Díaz
Los ecosistemas andinos constituyen uno de los más importantes centros de biodiversidad del mundo, sin embargo, sus coberturas boscosas tienden a desaparecer rápidamente debido a que están sometidas a una fuerte presión antrópica. En este estudio, se caracterizan las angiospermas presentes en los parches de bosque, sus bordes y en zonas de vegetación abierta o potrero de un área andina de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Entre marzo de 2017 y febrero de 2018 se realizaron recolecciones de material fértil mediante recorridos del área. Se obtuvo información complementaria de colecciones históricas depositadas en herbarios. El material herborizado se depositó en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). Se registran 431 especies, agrupadas en 92 familias y 239 géneros, se encontraron cinco familias de magnólidas con siete géneros y 29 especies, 18 de monocotiledóneas (66/131) y 69 eudicotiledóneas (166/271). La mayor riqueza a nivel de especies la resentan Orchidaceae (54), Rubiaceae (24), Asteraceae (22), Araceae (22) y Piperaceae (20). Las hierbas terrestres son la forma de vida más numerosa (31,8 %), seguidas por arbustos (26,5 %) y árboles (17,6 %). A pesar de tratarse de áreas rodeadas por actividades productivas, principalmente agropecuarias, se encontraron 30 especies endémicas de Colombia, 170 taxones representan nuevos registros para la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Central del departamento de Antioquia, dos nuevos registros para el departamento y cuatro nuevas especies.
{"title":"Inventario florístico en áreas de bosque andino de la cordillera central de Colombia (El Peñol, Antioquia)","authors":"Leidy Yuliana Vallejo-Mayo, Orlando Rivera-Díaz","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.84019","url":null,"abstract":"Los ecosistemas andinos constituyen uno de los más importantes centros de biodiversidad del mundo, sin embargo, sus coberturas boscosas tienden a desaparecer rápidamente debido a que están sometidas a una fuerte presión antrópica. En este estudio, se caracterizan las angiospermas presentes en los parches de bosque, sus bordes y en zonas de vegetación abierta o potrero de un área andina de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Entre marzo de 2017 y febrero de 2018 se realizaron recolecciones de material fértil mediante recorridos del área. Se obtuvo información complementaria de colecciones históricas depositadas en herbarios. El material herborizado se depositó en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). Se registran 431 especies, agrupadas en 92 familias y 239 géneros, se encontraron cinco familias de magnólidas con siete géneros y 29 especies, 18 de monocotiledóneas (66/131) y 69 eudicotiledóneas (166/271). La mayor riqueza a nivel de especies la resentan Orchidaceae (54), Rubiaceae (24), Asteraceae (22), Araceae (22) y Piperaceae (20). Las hierbas terrestres son la forma de vida más numerosa (31,8 %), seguidas por arbustos (26,5 %) y árboles (17,6 %). A pesar de tratarse de áreas rodeadas por actividades productivas, principalmente agropecuarias, se encontraron 30 especies endémicas de Colombia, 170 taxones representan nuevos registros para la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Central del departamento de Antioquia, dos nuevos registros para el departamento y cuatro nuevas especies.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88198
J. R. Ramírez López, Mario Efraín Córdova Perugachi, José Luis Imbaquingo Rosero, Eduardo Jaime Chagna Avila
Las sucesiones tropicales son ambientes de gran importancia por sus funciones ecológicas y extensión. En el Ecuador, los estudios sobre el almacenamiento de carbono de estos ecosistemas son escasos y la mayoría de ecuaciones desarrolladas se oncentran en zonas húmedas de tierras bajas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue generar modelos alométricos para la estimación de biomasa aérea de bosques secundarios montanos del noroccidente de Ecuador. Se realizó un inventario forestal en tres áreas de sucesión de 18, 30 y 50 años aproximadamente. Se construyeron modelos alométricos utilizando el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y la altura total (Ht) como variables independientes y se estimó la materia viva y el carbono aéreo acumulado. La variable combinatoria DAP2Ht fue la mejor predictora según los criterios de ajuste y validación. Las ecuaciones desarrolladas mostraron un R2 mayor al 95 %, por lo que son confiables para la estimación de las variables estudiadas. Se determinó que los bosques almacenan 36,56, 70,36 y 156,27 Mg.C.ha-1 respectivamente, siendo el fuste el componente de mayor almacenaje en un intervalo de 65,76 - 73,44 %, mientras que ramas y hojas representan un 20,98 - 25,50 % y 5,58 - 8,74 % del carbono aéreo total respectivamente. Estos modelos podrían aplicarse de manera efectiva en ecosistemas en condiciones ambientales similares.
{"title":"Modelos alométricos para estimar biomasa aérea en bosques secundarios montanos del noroccidente de Ecuador","authors":"J. R. Ramírez López, Mario Efraín Córdova Perugachi, José Luis Imbaquingo Rosero, Eduardo Jaime Chagna Avila","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.88198","url":null,"abstract":"Las sucesiones tropicales son ambientes de gran importancia por sus funciones ecológicas y extensión. En el Ecuador, los estudios sobre el almacenamiento de carbono de estos ecosistemas son escasos y la mayoría de ecuaciones desarrolladas se oncentran en zonas húmedas de tierras bajas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue generar modelos alométricos para la estimación de biomasa aérea de bosques secundarios montanos del noroccidente de Ecuador. Se realizó un inventario forestal en tres áreas de sucesión de 18, 30 y 50 años aproximadamente. Se construyeron modelos alométricos utilizando el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y la altura total (Ht) como variables independientes y se estimó la materia viva y el carbono aéreo acumulado. La variable combinatoria DAP2Ht fue la mejor predictora según los criterios de ajuste y validación. Las ecuaciones desarrolladas mostraron un R2 mayor al 95 %, por lo que son confiables para la estimación de las variables estudiadas. Se determinó que los bosques almacenan 36,56, 70,36 y 156,27 Mg.C.ha-1 respectivamente, siendo el fuste el componente de mayor almacenaje en un intervalo de 65,76 - 73,44 %, mientras que ramas y hojas representan un 20,98 - 25,50 % y 5,58 - 8,74 % del carbono aéreo total respectivamente. Estos modelos podrían aplicarse de manera efectiva en ecosistemas en condiciones ambientales similares.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.77023
Salomón M. Ramírez-Jaramillo
Se caracteriza la cola en dos especies simpátricas de saurios endémicos de Ecuador. Utilizamos como técnicas de muestreo trampas de goma en ocho transectos de 500 m de distancia y trampas de caída de 80x80x80 cm. Para evaluar la condición de las colas se establecieron las categorías: intacta, ausente y regenerada. Entre 2012 y 2014 capturamos 138 saurios, 125 individuos de Stenocercus guentheri y trece de Pholidobolus montium. Alrededor del 61 % de los individuos tenían la cola intacta. Reportamos por primera vez bifurcación de la cola en Stenocercus guentheri; observamos tres individuos con esta característica.
{"title":"Condición de la cola en dos saurios endémicos de los Andes del norte de Ecuador y primeros registros de bifurcación","authors":"Salomón M. Ramírez-Jaramillo","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.77023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.77023","url":null,"abstract":"Se caracteriza la cola en dos especies simpátricas de saurios endémicos de Ecuador. Utilizamos como técnicas de muestreo trampas de goma en ocho transectos de 500 m de distancia y trampas de caída de 80x80x80 cm. Para evaluar la condición de las colas se establecieron las categorías: intacta, ausente y regenerada. Entre 2012 y 2014 capturamos 138 saurios, 125 individuos de Stenocercus guentheri y trece de Pholidobolus montium. Alrededor del 61 % de los individuos tenían la cola intacta. Reportamos por primera vez bifurcación de la cola en Stenocercus guentheri; observamos tres individuos con esta característica.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.83102
Patricia Duque-Vélez, M. Olivera-Angel, M. Wolff
Silvopastoral systems (SPS) represent an alternative to the environmental impact and biodiversity decline caused by extensive livestock practices. We evaluate the transformation of a conventional pasture parcel into a SPS, and how it alters the diversity of dung beetles, fundamental organisms in these ecosystems. Transects with pitfall traps, baited with excrement were established in SPS, pasture, and forest ecosystems. Differences in the structure of communities were compared through Whittaker curves, the incidence of functional groups, and non-parametric multidimensional scaling. The completeness of the sampling was estimated and the magnitude of change in qD diversity of the SPS concerning pasture and forest ecosystem was calculated for each season. A total of 7446 beetles belonging to twelve genera, fifteen species, and seven morphospecies were collected. The SPS was the environment with the greatest diversity of qD and functional groups after the forest ecosystem. It was more diverse than pasture, 30 % to 50 % richer in species and 10 % to 50 % more diverse in 1D and 2D. It is concluded that the conversion of the conventional pastures to SPS led to changes in the composition and structure of the beetle community, making the SPS a more diverse environment than the pasture in all seasons including the dry one, when conditions are the most adverse. These results suggest that the implementation of SPS is an important measure to preserve and increase the diversity of forest dung beetles in the livestock areas of the country.
{"title":"Silvopastoral systems as an alternative for conservation of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a cattle landscape in Caucasia Colombia","authors":"Patricia Duque-Vélez, M. Olivera-Angel, M. Wolff","doi":"10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.83102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/CALDASIA.V44N1.83102","url":null,"abstract":"Silvopastoral systems (SPS) represent an alternative to the environmental impact and biodiversity decline caused by extensive livestock practices. We evaluate the transformation of a conventional pasture parcel into a SPS, and how it alters the diversity of dung beetles, fundamental organisms in these ecosystems. Transects with pitfall traps, baited with excrement were established in SPS, pasture, and forest ecosystems. Differences in the structure of communities were compared through Whittaker curves, the incidence of functional groups, and non-parametric multidimensional scaling. The completeness of the sampling was estimated and the magnitude of change in qD diversity of the SPS concerning pasture and forest ecosystem was calculated for each season. A total of 7446 beetles belonging to twelve genera, fifteen species, and seven morphospecies were collected. The SPS was the environment with the greatest diversity of qD and functional groups after the forest ecosystem. It was more diverse than pasture, 30 % to 50 % richer in species and 10 % to 50 % more diverse in 1D and 2D. It is concluded that the conversion of the conventional pastures to SPS led to changes in the composition and structure of the beetle community, making the SPS a more diverse environment than the pasture in all seasons including the dry one, when conditions are the most adverse. These results suggest that the implementation of SPS is an important measure to preserve and increase the diversity of forest dung beetles in the livestock areas of the country.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.89347
Deisy Johanna Moreno-Betancur, Sandra Eugenia Cuartas-Hernández
Se evaluó la divergencia en la estrategia reproductiva de Anthurium panduriforme y Anthurium caucanum con base en la fenología reproductiva, los patrones de inversión en reproducción individual y poblacional y el éxito reproductivo femenino, a lo largo de un intervalo de elevación entre 2200 y 2900 m ubicado en un bosque Andino tropical de Antioquia, Colombia. Debido a que ambas especies pertenecen al mismo género, con inflorescencias semejantes en estructura, es posible que presenten competencia por polinizadores. Al mismo tiempo, se espera una disminución en el éxito reproductivo con un incremento de la elevación, debido a que la abundancia de insectos visitantes florales disminuye con la elevación. Los individuos reproductivos de ambas especies fueron monitoreados en siete elevaciones durante un año. Los resultados indican estrategias reproductivas contrastantes: picos de floración en diferentes momentos del año y un mayor número de inflorescencias, infrutescencias y éxito reproductivo en A. caucanum comparado con A. panduriforme La producción de inflorescencias y el éxito reproductivo en A. panduriforme no varió significativamente con la elevación, mientras que en A. caucanum disminuyó. Los ensamblajes de visitantes florales difirieron en composición entre especies y su abundancia fue significativamente mayor en A. panduriforme. Las estrategias reproductivas contrastantes, en estas especies que coexisten, podrían reducir la competencia por polinizadores, promover la producción de semillas y el aislamiento reproductivo. Esto es esencial para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad de plantas al tiempo que les permite coexistir sintópicamente.
{"title":"Divergencia en la estrategia reproductiva de dos especies simpátricas de Anthurium (Araceae) en un bosque andino tropical","authors":"Deisy Johanna Moreno-Betancur, Sandra Eugenia Cuartas-Hernández","doi":"10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.89347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.89347","url":null,"abstract":"Se evaluó la divergencia en la estrategia reproductiva de Anthurium panduriforme y Anthurium caucanum con base en la fenología reproductiva, los patrones de inversión en reproducción individual y poblacional y el éxito reproductivo femenino, a lo largo de un intervalo de elevación entre 2200 y 2900 m ubicado en un bosque Andino tropical de Antioquia, Colombia. Debido a que ambas especies pertenecen al mismo género, con inflorescencias semejantes en estructura, es posible que presenten competencia por polinizadores. Al mismo tiempo, se espera una disminución en el éxito reproductivo con un incremento de la elevación, debido a que la abundancia de insectos visitantes florales disminuye con la elevación. Los individuos reproductivos de ambas especies fueron monitoreados en siete elevaciones durante un año. Los resultados indican estrategias reproductivas contrastantes: picos de floración en diferentes momentos del año y un mayor número de inflorescencias, infrutescencias y éxito reproductivo en A. caucanum comparado con A. panduriforme La producción de inflorescencias y el éxito reproductivo en A. panduriforme no varió significativamente con la elevación, mientras que en A. caucanum disminuyó. Los ensamblajes de visitantes florales difirieron en composición entre especies y su abundancia fue significativamente mayor en A. panduriforme. Las estrategias reproductivas contrastantes, en estas especies que coexisten, podrían reducir la competencia por polinizadores, promover la producción de semillas y el aislamiento reproductivo. Esto es esencial para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad de plantas al tiempo que les permite coexistir sintópicamente.","PeriodicalId":55293,"journal":{"name":"Caldasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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