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Relative age effect across the talent identification process of youth female soccer players in the United States: Influence of birth year, position, biological maturation, and skill level. 美国青少年女子足球运动员天赋识别过程中的相对年龄效应:出生年份、位置、生理成熟度和技术水平的影响。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.136085
Laura Finnegan, Mirelle van Rijbroek, José M Oliva-Lozano, Rick Cost, Matthew Andrew

The aims of the study were to examine the relative age effect (RAE) in youth female soccer players in the United States (US) and the influence of birth year, playing position, estimated maturation and skill ratings. The sample consisted of 3,364 youth female soccer players who were active in the 2021-2022 US soccer season across three main stages of the talent identification (TID) process for Youth National Team (YNT) players (i.e., Club, TID Center, and YNT). A prevalent RAE for players born in Q1 was present in the full sample. A significant prevalence for Q1 players were identified for both Club and TID Center, but not YNT. A significant RAE prevalence for Q1 players was identified for most of the age groups from U13-U18 at Club (except U18) and TID Center (except U17). Significant RAEs prevalence for players born in Q1 were found in Goalkeepers, Center Backs, Midfielders, and Center Forwards at Club and TID Center (except Wide Forwards). The data identified a consistent RAE prevalence for Q1 players in early and on-time-maturers across all levels. An even birthdate spread was evident in YNT with a prevalence for Q4 players and a higher percentage of late-maturers than elsewhere in the TID process. Results reinforce evidence indicating RAEs still exist in soccer, yet show for the first time within a youth female soccer TID process, the influence of contextual factors on the prevalence of RAE. This information can be used to advance TID and development across the US soccer landscape.

本研究旨在考察美国青少年女子足球运动员的相对年龄效应(RAE)以及出生年份、踢球位置、估计成熟度和技能评级的影响。样本由 3,364 名青少年女足运动员组成,她们活跃在 2021-2022 年美国足球赛季的青少年国家队(YNT)运动员人才识别(TID)过程的三个主要阶段(即俱乐部、TID 中心和 YNT)。在全部样本中,第一季度出生的球员普遍存在 RAE。在俱乐部和 TID 中心,Q1 球员的 RAE 患病率明显高于 YNT 球员。在俱乐部(U18 除外)和 TID 中心(U17 除外),从 U13 到 U18 的大多数年龄组中都发现 Q1 球员有明显的 RAE 患病率。在俱乐部和 TID 中心(边前卫除外)的守门员、中后卫、中场球员和中前卫中,发现一季度出生的球员有明显的 RAE 患病率。数据显示,在所有级别的早熟球员和准时成熟球员中,一季度出生球员的 RAE 患病率是一致的。在青年联赛中,出生日期分布明显均匀,Q4 球员的发生率和晚熟球员的比例高于 TID 其他级别。研究结果加强了表明足球运动中仍存在RAE的证据,同时也首次显示了在青少年女子足球TID过程中,环境因素对RAE发生率的影响。这些信息可用于在美国足球界推进TID和发展。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the phase of the season and contextual variables on match running performance in Spanish LaLiga football teams. 赛季阶段和环境变量对西班牙足球甲级联赛球队比赛跑动表现的影响。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133667
Joaquín González-Rodenas, Jordi Ferrandis, Víctor Moreno-Pérez, Del Campo López, Ricardo Resta, Juan Del Coso

This study aimed to examine the intra-season variation and the effects of contextual variables on total distance (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIRD) and high-speed distance (HSD) covered by Spanish football teams. The sample included 20 professional teams that competed in the Spanish LaLiga during the 2021-2022 season. Data were recorded using the TRACAB (ChyronHego, New York, USA) multicamera computerized optical tracking system. Multilevel linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of five contextual variables (1: phase of the season in six periods, 2: match location, 3: opponent ranking, 4: team ranking and 5: congested schedule) on TD, HIRD and HSD. Teams increased the running performance from period 1 to 5 of the season in TD (+2.2%; P < 0.05) and from period 1 to 4 in HIRD (+7.2%; P < 0.05), while a declining effect was found in period 6 for both TD (-1.2%; P < 0.05) and HIRD (-5.8%; P < 0.05). More HIRD (+1.5) and HSD (+5.3) were covered at home (P < 0.05), and more TD and HIRD were covered when playing against opponents ranked in the first (+2.4% and +5.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and second quartile (+1.2% and +5.0%, respectively; P < 0.05), compared to teams from the fourth quartile. Football coaches and fitness specialists should note that running performance of Spanish teams increased throughout the season, but it declined during the last matches of the competition. Additionally, home matches and highranked opponents elicited higher running demands.

本研究旨在考察西班牙足球队总距离(TD)、高强度跑步距离(HIRD)和高速距离(HSD)在赛季内的变化以及环境变量的影响。样本包括 2021-2022 赛季参加西班牙足球甲级联赛的 20 支职业球队。数据使用 TRACAB(ChyronHego,美国纽约)多摄像头计算机光学跟踪系统记录。采用多层次线性混合模型研究了五个环境变量(1:赛季的六个阶段;2:比赛地点;3:对手排名;4:球队排名;5:拥挤的赛程)对 TD、HIRD 和 HSD 的影响。球队在赛季第 1 至第 5 期的 TD(+2.2%;P < 0.05)和第 1 至第 4 期的 HIRD(+7.2%;P < 0.05)中提高了跑步成绩,而在第 6 期的 TD(-1.2%;P < 0.05)和 HIRD(-5.8%;P < 0.05)中发现了下降效应。与第四四分位的球队相比,在主场对阵排名第一(分别为+2.4%和+5.3%;P<0.05)和第二四分位(分别为+1.2%和+5.0%;P<0.05)的对手时,更多的HIRD(+1.5)和HSD(+5.3)被覆盖(P<0.05),更多的TD和HIRD被覆盖。足球教练和体能专家应该注意到,西班牙球队的跑步成绩在整个赛季中都有所提高,但在最后几场比赛中有所下降。此外,主场比赛和排名靠前的对手对跑步的要求更高。
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引用次数: 0
Limb-belt resisted sprint training improves physical fitness and ball-throw velocity in pubertal handball players. 肢带阻力冲刺训练可提高青春期手球运动员的体能和投球速度。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.139855
Emna Makni, Firas Zghal, Raouf Hammami, Mohamed Abdelkader, Raghad Tarwneh, Mohamed Elloumi

The study assessed the effect of six weeks of biweekly upper and lower limbs' weighted-belt resisted sprint training (BRST) and weighted-vest resisted sprint training (VRST), or normal sprint training (NST) on muscle strength, speed, change of direction and handball-throwing velocity in young handball players. Twenty-seven pubertal male handball players aged 14.4 years were randomly assigned into BRST (n = 9), VRST (n = 8), and NST (n = 8) groups. Sprint ability (10-m and 30-m), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), free-arm countermovement jump (CMJFA), standing long jump (SLJ), Five-jump test (FJT), change of direction and handball-throw velocity were assessed before and after a 6-week training in-season program. Within-group interactions showed that BRST improved all tests' performances (moderate-to-large). VRST improved sprint, SLJ, FJT and handball-throw velocity performances (small-to-large). NST improved only the change of direction performances (moderate). Between-groups comparison revealed that BRST improved all testing performances, except change of direction, compared with NST (large) and improved 30-m sprint, CMJFA, FJT and handball-throw velocity performance compared with VRST (moderate-to-large). In addition, VRST improved 30-m sprint, SJ and handball-throw velocity performances compared with NST (moderate-to-large). Throwing performance changes correlated with changes in sprint time and horizontal and vertical jump abilities (r = 0.40 to r = 0.69; p < 0.01). We conclude that while both resisted sprint training improved players' sprint, jumping and handball-throw performances, substantial improvements were recorded with the BRST compared to VRST and NST. Thus, BRST could be recommended to male U15 handball players as a valuable training method for developing physical fitness and skill performances.

该研究评估了每两周一次的上下肢负重腰带阻力短跑训练(BRST)和负重背心阻力短跑训练(VRST)或普通短跑训练(NST)对青少年手球运动员的肌肉力量、速度、变向和手球投掷速度的影响。27名年龄为14.4岁的青春期男性手球运动员被随机分配到BRST组(9人)、VRST组(8人)和NST组(8人)。在进行为期 6 周的赛季内训练之前和之后,对运动员的短跑能力(10 米和 30 米)、蹲跳(SJ)、反手跳(CMJ)、自由反手跳(CMJFA)、立定跳远(SLJ)、五跳测试(FJT)、变向能力和手球投掷速度进行了评估。组内交互作用表明,BRST 提高了所有测试的成绩(中至大)。VRST提高了短跑、SLJ、FJT和手球投掷速度的成绩(小至大)。NST 仅提高了变向成绩(中等)。组间比较显示,与 NST 相比,BRST 提高了除变向外的所有测试成绩(大);与 VRST 相比,BRST 提高了 30 米冲刺、CMJFA、FJT 和手球投掷速度成绩(中到大)。此外,与 NST(中到大)相比,VRST 提高了 30 米冲刺、SJ 和手球投掷速度表现。投掷成绩的变化与冲刺时间、水平和垂直跳跃能力的变化相关(r = 0.40 至 r = 0.69;p < 0.01)。我们的结论是,虽然两种阻力冲刺训练都能提高运动员的冲刺、跳跃和手球投掷成绩,但与 VRST 和 NST 相比,BRST 有着显著的提高。因此,可以向 U15 男子手球运动员推荐 BRST,将其作为发展体能和技能表现的一种有价值的训练方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of an 8-week pre-season targeted training on sprinting performance, agility and lower limb muscular asymmetries in elite soccer players. 为期 8 周的季前针对性训练对精英足球运动员短跑成绩、敏捷性和下肢肌肉不对称的影响。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134754
Artur Gołaś, Przemysław Pietraszewski, Robert Roczniok, Artur Terbalyan, Adam Maszczyk, Rafał Opaliński, Adam Zając

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8 week targeted training program on speed, agility, and muscle asymmetries in soccer players. 32 elite soccer players were recruited for the study. Their age, body mass, and body height were 25.8 ± 7.3 years, 77.4 ± 11.1 kg, and 177.5 ± 9.8 cm, respectively. After the warm-up, participants performed two maximum 30 m sprints with a 5-minute rest interval between trials. After the linear sprint test, performed two repetitions of the COD randomized ZigZag test. The tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the pre-season, which lasted for 8 weeks. EMG was measured bilaterally from the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles with shorts made of knitted fabric similar to elastic clothes. Athletes in the experimental group performed sport-specific targeted strength training based on movement patterns 4 times per week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday). The training included 6 bodyweight exercises (Bird Dog, Single-Leg Glute Bridge, Dead Bug, Side Plank, Reverse Lunge, and Clamshell), performed unilaterally in 5 sets of 10 repetitions of each exercise. The load progression included an additional set in each successive week of the experiment. The data analysis showed significant improvement in 5 m and 30 m sprints after applying the 8-week targeted training protocol. A statistically significant improvement in performance was also observed after the 8-week training period in case of COD, while the speed deficit also decreased significantly. The greatest improvements were observed during the COD test. As a result of repeated COD training over a period of 8 weeks, its technique was improved. Implementation of training methods, which target specific aspects of soccer in the pre-season training routines can improve key motor abilities for that sports discipline. A comprehensive training approach including speed, agility, and resistance training based on specific movement patterns should be applied by strength and conditioning practitioners in soccer teams to achieve peak physical performance and reduce injury risk due to the partial elimination of muscular asymmetries.

本研究旨在确定为期 8 周的针对性训练计划对足球运动员的速度、敏捷性和肌肉不对称的影响。研究招募了 32 名精英足球运动员。他们的年龄、体重和身高分别为 25.8 ± 7.3 岁、77.4 ± 11.1 千克和 177.5 ± 9.8 厘米。热身结束后,参与者进行了两次最长 30 米的冲刺,两次试验之间休息 5 分钟。直线冲刺测试后,进行了两次 COD 随机之字形测试。测试分别在季前赛开始和结束时进行,为期 8 周。用类似弹力服的针织短裤测量了股四头肌、腘绳肌和臀肌的肌电图。实验组运动员每周进行 4 次基于运动模式的特定运动目标力量训练(周一、周二、周四和周五)。训练包括 6 个负重练习(鸟狗式、单腿臀桥式、死拗式、侧卧式、反向蛙跳和蛤壳式),每个练习单侧进行 5 组,每组重复 10 次。在连续一周的实验中,每组运动的负荷量都会增加。数据分析显示,在实施为期 8 周的针对性训练方案后,5 米和 30 米短跑成绩有了明显改善。经过 8 周的训练后,COD 的成绩在统计学上也有明显改善,同时速度不足也明显减少。在 COD 测试中观察到了最大的改善。经过 8 周的反复 COD 训练,其技术得到了提高。在季前训练中针对足球的特定方面实施训练方法,可以提高该运动项目的关键运动能力。足球队的力量与体能训练从业人员应采用综合训练方法,包括基于特定运动模式的速度、敏捷性和阻力训练,以达到最佳体能表现,并降低因部分消除肌肉不对称而导致的受伤风险。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of meteorological factors on the technical performance of football teams during matches. 气象因素对足球队比赛期间技术表现的影响。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.136091
Yonghan Zhong, Shaoliang Zhang, Qing Yi, Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano

This study explored the impact of the meteorological factors air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed on teams' technical performance during the Union of European Football Associations Champions League (UCL). Technical match statistics were collected for five seasons (2016/2017-2020/2021). Thirty-one technical actions and events were categorized into three groups (goal scoring, offense, and defence). Meteorological data were collected from the official UEFA website (air temperature (°C): 11.59 ± 6.87, relative humidity (%): 71.40 ± 17.82, wind speed (km/h): 11.52 ± 7.02). LASSO regression analysis was employed to identify important indicators that affect match outcomes, while separate Poisson regression models were used in generalized linear modelling to determine the effects of meteorological factors on key technical performance indicators. The results revealed that offensive variables were instrumental in distinguishing match outcomes (winning, drawing, and losing), with meteorological factors significantly influencing these variables. Notably, "shot from counter attack" was the most significantly affected variable, being exclusively influenced by air temperature (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.98). Two technical indicators, "dribbles won" and "shots from the 6-yard box," were both significantly influenced by two meteorological factors. "Cards per foul," an understudied variable, displayed a close association with all the three meteorological factors. These findings offer valuable insights for coaches and analysts in comprehending the influence of meteorological conditions on crucial technical variables during the performance evaluation of teams. Moreover, they provide valuable information to help coaches devise appropriate tactics for players before or during a match, considering the potential changes in meteorological conditions.

本研究探讨了欧洲足球协会联盟冠军联赛(UCL)期间气温、相对湿度和风速等气象因素对球队技术表现的影响。研究收集了五个赛季(2016/2017-2020/2021)的技术比赛统计数据。31 个技术动作和事件被分为三组(进球、进攻和防守)。气象数据来自欧足联官方网站(气温(°C):11.59 ± 6.87,相对湿度(%):71.40 ± 17.82,风速(公里/小时):11.52 ± 7.02):11.52 ± 7.02).采用 LASSO 回归分析来确定影响比赛结果的重要指标,同时在广义线性建模中使用单独的泊松回归模型来确定气象因素对关键技术性能指标的影响。结果显示,进攻变量在区分比赛结果(胜、平、负)方面起着重要作用,而气象因素对这些变量有显著影响。值得注意的是,"反击射门 "是受影响最明显的变量,完全受气温影响(OR = 0.55,95% CI:0.30 至 0.98)。两个技术指标,即 "运球获胜 "和 "6 码区射门",都受到两个气象因素的显著影响。"每次犯规得牌 "是一个未被充分研究的变量,它与所有三个气象因素都有密切联系。这些研究结果为教练和分析人员提供了宝贵的见解,帮助他们理解气象条件对球队表现评估中关键技术变量的影响。此外,考虑到气象条件的潜在变化,这些发现还为教练员在赛前或比赛期间为球员制定适当战术提供了宝贵信息。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of lower-limb intermittent pneumatic compression on sports recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 下肢间歇性气动加压对运动恢复的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133665
Filipe Maia, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Hugo Sarmento, Rui Marcelino, João Ribeiro

Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) applied to lower limbs is becoming a popular postexercise recovery technique; however, it still lacks strong scientific support. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyse the effects of lower-limb IPC on sports recovery, as well as to identify the most used protocols to optimize it. A systematic search was conducted across athletic and healthy populations, following the PRISMA guidelines, covering the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, Academic Search Complete, and Science Direct; using the search terms: ("Pneumatic compression" OR "Intermittent pneumatic compression" OR "Recov* boot*") AND (Recover*). Data was extracted, and standardized mean differences were calculated with 95% confidence and prediction interval. The pooled data analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed using I2. A total of 17 studies (319 participants) were included. The studies' methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, ranging from fair to good. Results indicate a trivial to small benefit towards lower-limb IPC in enhancing muscular function, as well as a trivial to moderate effect for pain and soreness measurements, and a highly variable effect on muscle damage markers. Moreover, protocols of about 20 to 30 minutes and pressures of about 80 mmHg appear to be the most used option to optimize recovery. In summary, lower-limb IPC might be a method with potential effects for recovery in sports, mainly reducing perceived soreness.

对下肢进行间歇性气动加压(IPC)正成为一种流行的运动后恢复技术;然而,它仍然缺乏强有力的科学支持。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在分析下肢间歇气动加压对运动恢复的影响,并确定最常用的优化方案。根据 PRISMA 指南,我们对运动人群和健康人群进行了系统性检索,涉及的数据库包括检索词为:("气动加压 "或 "间歇性气动加压 "或 "康复*靴*")和(康复*)。提取数据并计算标准化平均差异以及 95% 的置信区间和预测区间。使用随机效应模型进行汇总数据分析,并使用 I2 评估异质性。共纳入 17 项研究(319 名参与者)。研究的方法学质量采用 PEDro 量表进行评估,从一般到良好不等。结果表明,下肢 IPC 在增强肌肉功能方面的益处很小,对疼痛和酸痛的测量效果也很小到中等,而对肌肉损伤标志物的影响则差异很大。此外,约 20 至 30 分钟的方案和约 80 mmHg 的压力似乎是最常用的优化恢复方案。总之,下肢 IPC 可能是一种对运动恢复有潜在效果的方法,主要是减少感觉酸痛。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing athletic performance through advanced nutrition strategies: can AI and digital platforms have a role in ultraendurance sports? 通过先进的营养策略优化运动表现:人工智能和数字平台能否在超级耐力运动中发挥作用?
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.141063
Luca Puce, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Carlo Trompetto, Filippo Cotellessa, Cristina Schenone, Lucio Marinelli, Piotr Zmijewski, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Laura Mori

Nutrition is vital for athletic performance, especially in ultra-endurance sports, which pose unique nutritional challenges. Despite its importance, there exist gaps in the nutrition knowledge among athletes, and emerging digital tools could potentially bridge this gap. The ULTRA-Q, a sports nutrition questionnaire adapted for ultra-endurance athletes, was used to assess the nutritional knowledge of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Google Bard, and Microsoft Copilot. Their performance was compared with experienced ultra-endurance athletes, registered sports nutritionists and dietitians, and the general population. ChatGPT-4 demonstrated the highest accuracy (93%), followed by Microsoft Copilot (92%), Bard (84%), and ChatGPT-3.5 (83%). The averaged AI model achieved an overall score of 88%, with the highest score in Body Composition (94%) and the lowest in Nutrients (84%). The averaged AI model outperformed the general population by 31% points and ultra-endurance athletes by 20% points in overall knowledge. The AI model exhibited superior knowledge in Fluids, outperforming registered dietitians by 49% points, the general population by 42% points, and ultra-endurance athletes by 32% points. In Body Composition, the AI model surpassed the general population by 31% points and ultraendurance athletes by 24% points. In Supplements, it outperformed registered dietitians by 58% points and the general population by 55% points. Finally, in Nutrients and in Recovery, it outperformed the general population only, by 24% and 29% points, respectively. AI models show high proficiency in sports nutrition knowledge, potentially serving as valuable tools for nutritional education and advice. AI-generated insights could be integrated with expert human judgment for effective athlete performance optimization.

营养对运动成绩至关重要,尤其是在超耐力运动中,这对营养提出了独特的挑战。尽管营养非常重要,但运动员在营养知识方面仍存在差距,而新兴的数字工具有可能弥补这一差距。ULTRA-Q是专为超耐力运动员设计的运动营养问卷,我们使用它来评估ChatGPT-3.5、ChatGPT-4、Google Bard和Microsoft Copilot的营养知识。他们的表现与经验丰富的超耐力运动员、注册运动营养师和营养师以及普通人进行了比较。ChatGPT-4 的准确率最高(93%),其次是 Microsoft Copilot(92%)、Bard(84%)和 ChatGPT-3.5(83%)。平均人工智能模型的总体得分率为 88%,其中身体成分得分率最高(94%),营养素得分率最低(84%)。平均人工智能模型在总体知识方面比普通人高出 31%,比超耐力运动员高出 20%。人工智能模型在体液知识方面表现优异,比注册营养师高出 49%,比普通人高出 42%,比超级耐力运动员高出 32%。在身体成分方面,人工智能模型比普通人高出 31%,比超级耐力运动员高出 24%。在营养补充剂方面,AI 模型比注册营养师高出 58%,比普通人高出 55%。最后,在 "营养素 "和 "恢复 "方面,它只比普通人高出 24% 和 29%。人工智能模型在运动营养知识方面表现出很高的熟练程度,有可能成为营养教育和建议的重要工具。人工智能生成的见解可与人类专家的判断相结合,从而有效优化运动员的表现。
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引用次数: 0
Relationships between physical fitness and match running demands during a futsal congested-weeks training camp. 五人制足球密集周训练营期间体能与比赛跑步要求之间的关系。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134760
Francisco Tomás González-Fernández, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Rui Miguel Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Pedro Bezerra, Yung-Sheng Chen

This study examines the relationships between body composition, anthropometry and physical fitness measures, and internal and external load (match physical and running demands) during a congested period of an overseas futsal training camp. Eleven under-20 national futsal players participated in a eleven-day training camp. During the matches, exercise heart rate (HR) and locomotion profiles were recorded via a Polar Team Pro system as the players' internal and external load. The friendly matches were scheduled on the training camp's 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th days. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. The results revealed significant differences in sprint (F = 2.74, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.21), accelerations (F = 3.63, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.27), and decelerations (F = 2.73, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.21) performance between the five matches (p < 0.05). Also, the overall body composition and physical fitness measures had large to very large correlations with match running demands during congested periods of futsal competition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the baseline body composition and the overall physical fitness measures may be essential factors in match running demands during a congested futsal match period. Futsal players who perform better in the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test can sustain a greater volume of high-intensity accelerations during a congested period.

本研究探讨了在海外五人制足球训练营的拥挤时段,身体成分、人体测量和体能测量与内部和外部负荷(比赛体能和跑步需求)之间的关系。11 名 20 岁以下的国家五人制足球运动员参加了为期 11 天的训练营。在比赛期间,通过 Polar Team Pro 系统记录运动心率(HR)和运动曲线,作为球员的内部和外部负荷。友谊赛分别安排在训练营的第 2 天、第 4 天、第 6 天、第 8 天和第 10 天。统计分析采用了重复测量方差分析(ANOVA)和皮尔逊相关系数。结果显示,五场比赛之间的短跑(F = 2.74,P = 0.04,η2 = 0.21)、加速(F = 3.63,P = 0.04,η2 = 0.27)和减速(F = 2.73,P = 0.04,η2 = 0.21)成绩差异明显(P < 0.05)。此外,在五人制足球比赛的拥挤时段,总体身体成分和体能测量结果与比赛跑步需求有很大到非常大的相关性(p < 0.05)。总之,在五人制足球比赛的拥挤时段,基线身体成分和整体体能测量可能是影响比赛跑步需求的重要因素。在 30-15 间歇体能测试中表现较好的五人制足球运动员可以在拥挤时段维持更大的高强度加速。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing the most demanding passages of kinematic and mechanical activity in elite football: a multifactorial approach. 描述精英足球运动中对运动学和机械活动要求最高的段落:一种多因素方法。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134756
Farzad Yousefian, Abdullah Zafar, Dan Fransson, Magni Mohr, João Brito, Bruno Travassos

This study investigated the 5-minute most demanding passages (MDP) of kinematic (distance covered) and mechanical (acceleration and deceleration) activities in elite male football according to multifactorial criterion performance variables. Global positioning systems data were collected from 39 players across 45 matches in the Swedish first division (n = 329 observations). The multifactorial kinematic variable (MDPk) was composed of the concurrent distances covered at moderate-speed running, high-speed running, and sprinting distances, and the multifactorial mechanical (MDPm) considered the concurrent occurrences of high-intensity acceleration and deceleration activities. A moving average method was used to identify the MDP across a 5-minute period. The frequency distribution of the multifactorial variables, and differences in the time of occurrence and magnitude between multifactorial performance variables and their univariate constituent variables were investigated. Frequency distribution analysis revealed MDPk and MDPm peaked in the first 5 min of the match (MDPk: χ 2 (15, N = 329) = 135.88, p ≤ 0.001, W: 0.64, 115.99 ± 32.7 s; MDPm: χ 2 (15, N = 329) = 31.02, p ≤ 0.001, W: 0.31, 101.21 ± 25.1 s; p ≤ 0.0004). Within each half, differences in the MDP commencement time between the multifactorial variables and their respective discrete univariate constituent variables were trivial to small (MDPk effect size (ES): 0.04-0.21; MDPm ES: 0.02-0.11). Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that the MDP magnitude of multifactorial variables were approximately 8-28% and 8-21% lower across the match and halves, respectively, compared to the MDP of their respective univariate constituent variables (p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.26-0.62). The greatest differences between the respective multifactorial and discrete constituent variables were observed for sprinting (-28%) and high-intensity acceleration (-22%). The results reveal that the MDP is distinguished based on peak kinematic and mechanical demands, which occur at discrete periods and exhibit distinct locomotor profiles across the match and within each half. Practitioners should consider the methods of identifying the MDP, as the selection of univariate and multifactorial kinematic and mechanical performance variables can impact MDP characterization, which can qualify the designing of bespoke training protocols.

本研究根据多因素标准性能变量,对精英男子足球运动中运动学(覆盖距离)和机械(加速度和减速度)活动的 5 分钟最苛刻段落(MDP)进行了调查。全球定位系统收集了瑞典足球甲级联赛 45 场比赛中 39 名球员的数据(n = 329 次观察)。多因素运动学变量(MDPk)由同时进行的中速跑、高速跑和冲刺距离组成,而多因素力学变量(MDPm)则考虑了同时进行的高强度加速和减速活动。采用移动平均法来确定 5 分钟内的 MDP。研究了多因素变量的频率分布,以及多因素表现变量与其单变量之间在发生时间和幅度上的差异。频率分布分析显示,MDPk 和 MDPm 在比赛的前 5 分钟达到峰值(MDPk:χ 2 (15,N = 329) = 135.88,p ≤ 0.001,W:0.64,115.99 ± 32.7 秒;MDPm:χ 2 (15,N = 329) = 31.02,p ≤ 0.001,W:0.31,101.21 ± 25.1 秒;p ≤ 0.0004)。在每一半中,多因素变量与各自离散单变量之间的 MDP 开始时间差异很小(MDPk 效应量(ES):0.04-0.21;MDPm ES:0.02-0.11)。线性混合模型分析表明,与各自单变量组成变量的 MDP 相比,多因素变量的 MDP 幅值在比赛和半决赛中分别低约 8-28% 和 8-21%(p ≤ 0.001;r = 0.26-0.62)。短跑(-28%)和高强度加速(-22%)的多因素变量和离散组成变量之间的差异最大。结果表明,MDP 是根据峰值运动和机械需求来区分的,这些需求出现在不同的时期,并在整个比赛期间和每个半场内表现出不同的运动特征。从业人员应考虑识别 MDP 的方法,因为单变量和多因素运动学和机械性能变量的选择会影响 MDP 的特征,从而影响定制训练方案的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of contextual factors on most demanding scenarios in under-19 professional soccer players. 环境因素对 19 岁以下职业足球运动员最苛刻场景的影响。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.136087
Rubén-Cipriano Romero-Rodríguez, Enrique Alonso-Pérez-Chao, Carlos Ribas, Daniel Memmert, Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Ruano

This study aimed to compare the most demanding scenarios (MDS) of under-19 professional soccer players during official matches, controlling for contextual factors such as playing position, the level of opponent teams, playing venue, match status, playing surface, pitch size, and playing status of players. A total of 42 players were monitored across 27 games using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to collect the external loads, including total distance covered, high-speed running, sprint distance, accelerations, and decelerations. MDS were calculated across 1-minute, 5-minute, and 10-minute time windows for each variable. Significant differences were found based on the contextual factors. (i) Opponent level did not show significant differences; (ii) full-backs covered more distance at 1 minute in home games; (iii) midfielders in winning vs. drawing scenarios exhibited higher decelerations at 1 minute but less distance at 10 minutes; (iv) in drawing vs. losing scenarios, central defenders had greater distance at 5 minutes and accelerations at 5 minutes, while midfielders showed greater distances at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; (v) offensive midfielders and forwards displayed specific performance differences; (vi) no significant differences were found for the playing surface; (vii) regarding pitch size, full-backs covered more distance at 5 minutes on larger pitches, while midfielders covered more distance at 5 minutes and 10 minutes; and (viii) starters generally outperformed non-starter players across various variables depending on the playing positions. The findings suggest that contextual factors have a significant impact on soccer player performance across different playing positions.

本研究旨在比较 19 岁以下职业足球运动员在正式比赛中的最艰苦场景(MDS),并对比赛位置、对手球队水平、比赛场地、比赛状态、比赛场地、场地大小和球员状态等环境因素进行了控制。共有 42 名球员在 27 场比赛中接受了全球定位系统(GPS)技术的监测,以收集外部负荷,包括总距离、高速奔跑、冲刺距离、加速度和减速度。在 1 分钟、5 分钟和 10 分钟的时间窗口内计算每个变量的 MDS。根据环境因素发现了显著差异。(i) 对手水平未显示出显著差异;(ii) 在主场比赛中,后卫在 1 分钟内覆盖的距离更长;(iii) 在获胜与平局的情况下,中场球员在 1 分钟内的减速率较高,但在 10 分钟内的距离较短;(iv) 在平局与输球的情况下,中后卫在 1 分钟内的减速率较高,但在 10 分钟内的距离较短。(iv)在平局与负局的比赛中,中后卫在 5 分钟时的距离更远,在 5 分钟时的加速度更大,而中场球员在 1 分钟、5 分钟和 10 分钟时的距离更大;(v)进攻型中场球员和前锋的表现有具体差异;(vi)在比赛场地方面没有发现显著差异;(vii) 在球场大小方面,后卫在较大的球场上 5 分钟的距离更远,而中场球员在 5 分钟和 10 分钟的距离更远;以及 (viii) 在各种变量中,首发球员的表现普遍优于非首发球员,这取决于球员的位置。研究结果表明,环境因素对足球运动员在不同位置上的表现有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Biology of Sport
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