Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2077833
Sebastián Duarte-Marín, M. Rada, M. Rivera-Correa, V. Caorsi, Eliana Barona, Gustavo A. GONZÁLEZ-DURÁN, F. Vargas-Salinas
ABSTRACT In anurans, vocalisations are the main behavioural modality of communication. Hence, the description of acoustic signals in anurans is important for understanding many aspects of their biology. We describe for the first time the advertisement calls for eight glass frog species (Centrolene antioquiensis, ”Centrolene” robledoi, Nymphargus caucanus, N. chami, N. ignotus, N. rosada, N. spilotus, Sachatamia orejuela) and provide additional data on the recently described advertisement calls of Espadarana audax. In addition, we review the current knowledge of advertisement calls for all glass frog species (Centrolenidae). Based on the predominant temporal and the spectral structure, we identified three major types of calls in the family: 1) calls consisting of unpulsed short notes with amplitude modulation, similar to a ‘Tic’, 2) calls consisting of one long note (whistled) without amplitude modulation, similar to a ‘Tii’ and 3) calls consisting of pulsed or pulsatile notes, similar to a ‘Trii’. We mapped these acoustic characters in the context of the evolutionary history of Centrolenidae. Descriptions presented here offer evidence to recognise most centrolenid calls using measurable characters in the field or laboratory. As such, we hope to stimulate future studies based on bioacoustical analysis in this widespread and highly diverse Neotropical clade.
在无尾动物中，发声是主要的交流行为方式。因此，描述无尾目动物的声音信号对于理解其生物学的许多方面都很重要。本文首次描述了8种玻璃蛙(Centrolene antioquiensis，“Centrolene”robledoi, Nymphargus caucanus, N. chami, N. ignotus, N. rosada, N. spilotus, Sachatamia orejuela)的广告叫声，并提供了最近描述的Espadarana audax广告叫声的额外数据。此外，我们还回顾了玻璃蛙科所有玻璃蛙种类的广告需求。基于主要的时间和频谱结构，我们确定了该家族中的三种主要类型的呼叫:1)由振幅调制的无脉冲短音符组成的呼叫，类似于“Tic”，2)由一个无振幅调制的长音符(口哨)组成的呼叫，类似于“Tii”，3)由脉冲或脉动音符组成的呼叫，类似于“Trii”。我们将这些声学特征映射到Centrolenidae的进化史中。这里提出的描述提供了在现场或实验室中使用可测量特征识别大多数着丝粒呼叫的证据。因此，我们希望在这个广泛和高度多样化的新热带进化枝的生物声学分析基础上刺激未来的研究。
{"title":"Tic, Tii and Trii calls: advertisement call descriptions for eight glass frogs from Colombia and analysis of the structure of auditory signals in Centrolenidae","authors":"Sebastián Duarte-Marín, M. Rada, M. Rivera-Correa, V. Caorsi, Eliana Barona, Gustavo A. GONZÁLEZ-DURÁN, F. Vargas-Salinas","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2077833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2077833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In anurans, vocalisations are the main behavioural modality of communication. Hence, the description of acoustic signals in anurans is important for understanding many aspects of their biology. We describe for the first time the advertisement calls for eight glass frog species (Centrolene antioquiensis, ”Centrolene” robledoi, Nymphargus caucanus, N. chami, N. ignotus, N. rosada, N. spilotus, Sachatamia orejuela) and provide additional data on the recently described advertisement calls of Espadarana audax. In addition, we review the current knowledge of advertisement calls for all glass frog species (Centrolenidae). Based on the predominant temporal and the spectral structure, we identified three major types of calls in the family: 1) calls consisting of unpulsed short notes with amplitude modulation, similar to a ‘Tic’, 2) calls consisting of one long note (whistled) without amplitude modulation, similar to a ‘Tii’ and 3) calls consisting of pulsed or pulsatile notes, similar to a ‘Trii’. We mapped these acoustic characters in the context of the evolutionary history of Centrolenidae. Descriptions presented here offer evidence to recognise most centrolenid calls using measurable characters in the field or laboratory. As such, we hope to stimulate future studies based on bioacoustical analysis in this widespread and highly diverse Neotropical clade.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2070543
Valentina Zaffaroni-Caorsi, C. Both, R. Márquez, Diego Llusia, P. Narins, Marina Debon, Márcio Borges‐Martins
ABSTRACT Anthropogenic noise is widespread in nature and has been shown to produce a plethora of impacts on wildlife. Sounds play a fundamental role in the lives of amphibians, with species relying on acoustic communication for social and reproductive behaviour, and thus noise can potentially interfere with these activities. Here, we provide a literature review on the effects of anthropogenic noise on anuran amphibians, based on 32 studies (63 species from 14 families) that document noise-driven changes in species behaviour, physiology and ecology caused by urbanisation, transportation and energy production. Experimental and observational studies found evidence that both airborne and seismic anthropogenic noise influence anuran calling activity, with consequences in mate selection, and induce physiological changes including increased stress, suppressed immune function and colouration changes. Negative noise effects in species abundance and attendance over the reproductive season were reported. Even though adaptations and behavioural adjustments enable species to respond to these noises, it is yet to be understood whether these changes alleviate the negative impacts. Furthermore, collaborative efforts between scientists, stakeholders and private/public institutions are imperative to create conservation guidelines and legal instruments to be implemented during urban expansion projects and mitigate the effects of noise pollution on amphibian anurans.
{"title":"Effects of anthropogenic noise on anuran amphibians","authors":"Valentina Zaffaroni-Caorsi, C. Both, R. Márquez, Diego Llusia, P. Narins, Marina Debon, Márcio Borges‐Martins","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2070543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2070543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthropogenic noise is widespread in nature and has been shown to produce a plethora of impacts on wildlife. Sounds play a fundamental role in the lives of amphibians, with species relying on acoustic communication for social and reproductive behaviour, and thus noise can potentially interfere with these activities. Here, we provide a literature review on the effects of anthropogenic noise on anuran amphibians, based on 32 studies (63 species from 14 families) that document noise-driven changes in species behaviour, physiology and ecology caused by urbanisation, transportation and energy production. Experimental and observational studies found evidence that both airborne and seismic anthropogenic noise influence anuran calling activity, with consequences in mate selection, and induce physiological changes including increased stress, suppressed immune function and colouration changes. Negative noise effects in species abundance and attendance over the reproductive season were reported. Even though adaptations and behavioural adjustments enable species to respond to these noises, it is yet to be understood whether these changes alleviate the negative impacts. Furthermore, collaborative efforts between scientists, stakeholders and private/public institutions are imperative to create conservation guidelines and legal instruments to be implemented during urban expansion projects and mitigate the effects of noise pollution on amphibian anurans.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42226242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2070544
Luke C. Larter, X. Bernal, R. Page, M. Ryan
ABSTRACT Flexible signalling behaviour is widespread, with adjustments often enhancing gains or reducing costs of signalling based on the current state of the signaller’s local communication network. Male túngara frogs call within multispecies communication networks containing conspecifics (both target receivers and rivals) and eavesdropping predators. These diverse players all exert an influence on male calling strategies. We investigated the degree to which patterns of changes in call characteristics across individual túngara frog calling bouts were influenced by callers’ social environment, body condition, and ambient temperature. Most call bouts exhibited two distinct phases, an initial steep increase in call amplitude (the rise) followed by a longer period of more gradual amplitude increase (the plateau). Rises were completed more quickly when males called in denser choruses, while call amplitude increases during plateau phases were greater for males in better body condition. Males also produced more complex calls and increased complexity sooner when calling in denser choruses. Our results suggest that the social environment is the main driver of within-bout calling patterns. This could be due to (i) increased call effort required when competing in denser choruses, (ii) dilution effects provided by nearby rivals releasing callers from eavesdropping risk or, likely, (iii) a combination of both.
{"title":"Local competitive environment and male condition influence within-bout calling patterns in túngara frogs","authors":"Luke C. Larter, X. Bernal, R. Page, M. Ryan","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2070544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2070544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flexible signalling behaviour is widespread, with adjustments often enhancing gains or reducing costs of signalling based on the current state of the signaller’s local communication network. Male túngara frogs call within multispecies communication networks containing conspecifics (both target receivers and rivals) and eavesdropping predators. These diverse players all exert an influence on male calling strategies. We investigated the degree to which patterns of changes in call characteristics across individual túngara frog calling bouts were influenced by callers’ social environment, body condition, and ambient temperature. Most call bouts exhibited two distinct phases, an initial steep increase in call amplitude (the rise) followed by a longer period of more gradual amplitude increase (the plateau). Rises were completed more quickly when males called in denser choruses, while call amplitude increases during plateau phases were greater for males in better body condition. Males also produced more complex calls and increased complexity sooner when calling in denser choruses. Our results suggest that the social environment is the main driver of within-bout calling patterns. This could be due to (i) increased call effort required when competing in denser choruses, (ii) dilution effects provided by nearby rivals releasing callers from eavesdropping risk or, likely, (iii) a combination of both.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49334910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2070542
Saskia Kühn, A. C. Utne-Palm, K. de Jong
ABSTRACT Sound is an effective channel for the transfer of information underwater. While it is known that fish and whales can use sound for communication, and as a cue to localise predators and prey, much less is known about sound production in invertebrates. Here we describe sounds produced by two of the most common marine crustacean zooplankton in the Northern hemisphere: Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) and copepods (Calanus spp.). The recorded sounds were taxon-specific and within the hearing range of common planktivorous fish. We recorded similar sounds in the laboratory and in the field. In krill, the sound co-occurred with a tail flip, and the amplitude of the sound was correlated to the displacement distance of the animal, indicating a potential sound producing mechanism. Our findings highlight the possibility that zooplankton sounds could be used as a cue for their predators and for intraspecific communication.
{"title":"Two of the most common crustacean zooplankton Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Calanus spp. produce sounds within the hearing range of their fish predators","authors":"Saskia Kühn, A. C. Utne-Palm, K. de Jong","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2070542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2070542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sound is an effective channel for the transfer of information underwater. While it is known that fish and whales can use sound for communication, and as a cue to localise predators and prey, much less is known about sound production in invertebrates. Here we describe sounds produced by two of the most common marine crustacean zooplankton in the Northern hemisphere: Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) and copepods (Calanus spp.). The recorded sounds were taxon-specific and within the hearing range of common planktivorous fish. We recorded similar sounds in the laboratory and in the field. In krill, the sound co-occurred with a tail flip, and the amplitude of the sound was correlated to the displacement distance of the animal, indicating a potential sound producing mechanism. Our findings highlight the possibility that zooplankton sounds could be used as a cue for their predators and for intraspecific communication.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48332346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2064330
Chandranshu Tiwari, Swati Diwakar
ABSTRACT The study provides the first description of acoustic communities from a subtropical rainforest in Northeast India and a previously unexplored site from the Western Ghats. We describe call structures of 15 katydid species from the Indian subcontinent. The habitat and seasonal variations of the communities were investigated at both sites. Most species observed produced ultrasonic broadband calls (bandwidth: 11.07–42.5 kHz); only two Pseudophyllinae members produced pure tone calls. The study includes calls of two previously undescribed species of the genus Ducetia (subfamily: Phaneropterinae) from the subcontinent. We observed diverse acoustic communities at both sites represented by five major subfamilies: Conocephalinae, Hexacentriane, Mecopodinae, Phaneropterinae and Pseudophyllinae. The acoustic communities at each site exhibited seasonal variations and habitat preferences. The post-monsoon season had a richer community composition than the dry season. We compared differences in the community compositions between habitats using a presence–absence matrix based on 526 individuals from the two sites. Species composition was found to be different among habitats (stress = .06, dimension: 2), with ANOSIM indicating separation of species among understorey, shrubland and grassland habitats.
{"title":"The katydid country: bioacoustics and ecology of tettigoniid communities from the Indian subcontinent","authors":"Chandranshu Tiwari, Swati Diwakar","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2064330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2064330","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study provides the first description of acoustic communities from a subtropical rainforest in Northeast India and a previously unexplored site from the Western Ghats. We describe call structures of 15 katydid species from the Indian subcontinent. The habitat and seasonal variations of the communities were investigated at both sites. Most species observed produced ultrasonic broadband calls (bandwidth: 11.07–42.5 kHz); only two Pseudophyllinae members produced pure tone calls. The study includes calls of two previously undescribed species of the genus Ducetia (subfamily: Phaneropterinae) from the subcontinent. We observed diverse acoustic communities at both sites represented by five major subfamilies: Conocephalinae, Hexacentriane, Mecopodinae, Phaneropterinae and Pseudophyllinae. The acoustic communities at each site exhibited seasonal variations and habitat preferences. The post-monsoon season had a richer community composition than the dry season. We compared differences in the community compositions between habitats using a presence–absence matrix based on 526 individuals from the two sites. Species composition was found to be different among habitats (stress = .06, dimension: 2), with ANOSIM indicating separation of species among understorey, shrubland and grassland habitats.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2058614
Kotaro Tanaka, K. Ichikawa, K. Kittiwattanawong, N. Arai, H. Mitamura
ABSTRACT While the occurrence of Dugong (Dugong dugon) has been examined by visual surveys, their habitat use is still not fully understood, since the continuous observation of their behaviour is challenging. Passive acoustic monitoring enables the observation of dugongs’ vocal behaviour, which is one of the key components of their social behaviour, but the temporal and spatial scale of previous studies were limited. In this study, we aimed to examine where dugongs actively vocalised, using multiple underwater recorders that were deployed along the coastline of Talibong Island, Thailand, through one-month observation in both rainy and dry seasons. Dugong calls were automatically detected and false detections were subsequently removed by manual scrutiny. Observations of 1,933 and 2,719 hours were obtained for each season, with a total of 21,340 and 16,337 detected calls, respectively. We found that an elevated rate of detected calls was consistently observed at a few certain monitoring locations in both seasons. These locations should be paid attention in the process of marine spatial planning for their conservation, in addition to the examination of their distribution by visual observation.
{"title":"Spatial variation of vocalising dugongs around Talibong Island, Thailand","authors":"Kotaro Tanaka, K. Ichikawa, K. Kittiwattanawong, N. Arai, H. Mitamura","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2058614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2058614","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the occurrence of Dugong (Dugong dugon) has been examined by visual surveys, their habitat use is still not fully understood, since the continuous observation of their behaviour is challenging. Passive acoustic monitoring enables the observation of dugongs’ vocal behaviour, which is one of the key components of their social behaviour, but the temporal and spatial scale of previous studies were limited. In this study, we aimed to examine where dugongs actively vocalised, using multiple underwater recorders that were deployed along the coastline of Talibong Island, Thailand, through one-month observation in both rainy and dry seasons. Dugong calls were automatically detected and false detections were subsequently removed by manual scrutiny. Observations of 1,933 and 2,719 hours were obtained for each season, with a total of 21,340 and 16,337 detected calls, respectively. We found that an elevated rate of detected calls was consistently observed at a few certain monitoring locations in both seasons. These locations should be paid attention in the process of marine spatial planning for their conservation, in addition to the examination of their distribution by visual observation.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47660651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2053741
Claysson H. de Aguiar Silva, R. B. Machado, Maurício Silveira, L. Aguiar
ABSTRACT Surveying biodiversity using bioacoustics has become increasingly common worldwide, although it is mostly concentrated in temperate regions. The variety of automatic recorders, the development of free analytical tools, and several acoustic indices have increased the number of studies worldwide. The bioacoustic approach is essential for application in poorly surveyed regions with the pressure of human activities, such as the Brazilian cerrado. We tested the association of four bat diversity metrics (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and two functional diversity metrics, being one based on morphological and the other on acoustical traits, with five commonly used acoustic indices. We used a dataset of 608.4 h obtained from 30 sampling points in three protected areas in Central Brazil. Using Flexible Discriminant Analysis, we identified 21 bat species used in our subsequent analysis. The Entropy index was the best predictor of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, whereas the Acoustic Complexity Index was the best predictor of functional morphological diversity. We concluded that acoustic indices are suitable for estimating the diversity of insectivorous bats in the cerrado. However, we registered only part of the bat community, and bats can vary seasonally masking the real diversity of the study area; thus, this method should be used parsimoniously.
{"title":"Listening in the dark: acoustics indices reveal bat species diversity in a tropical savannah","authors":"Claysson H. de Aguiar Silva, R. B. Machado, Maurício Silveira, L. Aguiar","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2053741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2053741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Surveying biodiversity using bioacoustics has become increasingly common worldwide, although it is mostly concentrated in temperate regions. The variety of automatic recorders, the development of free analytical tools, and several acoustic indices have increased the number of studies worldwide. The bioacoustic approach is essential for application in poorly surveyed regions with the pressure of human activities, such as the Brazilian cerrado. We tested the association of four bat diversity metrics (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and two functional diversity metrics, being one based on morphological and the other on acoustical traits, with five commonly used acoustic indices. We used a dataset of 608.4 h obtained from 30 sampling points in three protected areas in Central Brazil. Using Flexible Discriminant Analysis, we identified 21 bat species used in our subsequent analysis. The Entropy index was the best predictor of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, whereas the Acoustic Complexity Index was the best predictor of functional morphological diversity. We concluded that acoustic indices are suitable for estimating the diversity of insectivorous bats in the cerrado. However, we registered only part of the bat community, and bats can vary seasonally masking the real diversity of the study area; thus, this method should be used parsimoniously.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2047786
O. Ogundile, O. Babalola, Seun G. Odeyemi, K. Rufai
ABSTRACT The economic relevance of Mysticetes has prompted marine ecologists and biologists to investigate this suborder of cetaceans. Mysticetes produce distinct vocal repertoires, which are recorded to analyse the behaviour of the species within its ecology. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a standard technique for tracking Mysticete movement and vocalisation. PAM collects enormous datasets over a long period, making it practically impossible to analyse with typical visual examination methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) have made automatic recognition and analysis of extensive sound recordings possible. Nevertheless, the performance of ML tools is determined by the adopted feature extraction technique. Hence, this article introduces the method of principal component analysis (PCA) as a performance-efficient alternative feature extraction technique for detecting Mysticete vocalisations using HMM. Performance of the developed PCA-HMM detector is compared with state-of-the-art detectors using two different Mysticete vocalisations (Humpback whale songs and Bryde’s whale short pulses). In both species, results show that the PCA-HMM detector has the best performance and is more suitable for use in real-time application since it exhibits less computational time complexity.
{"title":"Hidden Markov models for detection of Mysticetes vocalisations based on principal component analysis","authors":"O. Ogundile, O. Babalola, Seun G. Odeyemi, K. Rufai","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2047786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2047786","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The economic relevance of Mysticetes has prompted marine ecologists and biologists to investigate this suborder of cetaceans. Mysticetes produce distinct vocal repertoires, which are recorded to analyse the behaviour of the species within its ecology. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a standard technique for tracking Mysticete movement and vocalisation. PAM collects enormous datasets over a long period, making it practically impossible to analyse with typical visual examination methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) have made automatic recognition and analysis of extensive sound recordings possible. Nevertheless, the performance of ML tools is determined by the adopted feature extraction technique. Hence, this article introduces the method of principal component analysis (PCA) as a performance-efficient alternative feature extraction technique for detecting Mysticete vocalisations using HMM. Performance of the developed PCA-HMM detector is compared with state-of-the-art detectors using two different Mysticete vocalisations (Humpback whale songs and Bryde’s whale short pulses). In both species, results show that the PCA-HMM detector has the best performance and is more suitable for use in real-time application since it exhibits less computational time complexity.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45793379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2050816
E. Schwab, S. Pogrebnoj, M. Freund, F. Flossmann, S. Vogl, K. Frommolt
ABSTRACT Identification of bats is most practically done by exploiting the characteristic features of their echolocation calls. This usually involves expert knowledge, expensive equipment and time-consuming post processing of previously recorded calls. Automated solutions exist, but are usually not as accurate as human experts. We present an automated solution for the processing of bat calls and identification of bat species with extremely high classification accuracy that can be used during live recording or in an automated post-processing software. Our algorithm is the first application of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to classify bat species based on sound spectrogram images of their echolocation calls. We tested several deep CNN architectures including a modified Google Inception and a ResNet50 architecture. The nets were trained on a very large call database consisting of images of snippets of call spectrograms. All our software was developed in the Python programming language and an executable of the software is available on request.
{"title":"Automated bat call classification using deep convolutional neural networks","authors":"E. Schwab, S. Pogrebnoj, M. Freund, F. Flossmann, S. Vogl, K. Frommolt","doi":"10.1080/09524622.2022.2050816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2022.2050816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Identification of bats is most practically done by exploiting the characteristic features of their echolocation calls. This usually involves expert knowledge, expensive equipment and time-consuming post processing of previously recorded calls. Automated solutions exist, but are usually not as accurate as human experts. We present an automated solution for the processing of bat calls and identification of bat species with extremely high classification accuracy that can be used during live recording or in an automated post-processing software. Our algorithm is the first application of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to classify bat species based on sound spectrogram images of their echolocation calls. We tested several deep CNN architectures including a modified Google Inception and a ResNet50 architecture. The nets were trained on a very large call database consisting of images of snippets of call spectrograms. All our software was developed in the Python programming language and an executable of the software is available on request.","PeriodicalId":55385,"journal":{"name":"Bioacoustics-The International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2042855
Lidiane Gomes, D. L. Röhr, R. Sousa-lima, A. A. Garda, F. Juncá
ABSTRACT The acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) states that the acoustic signal of a species must propagate better in its native habitat. Studies have shown that certain anuran species modify acoustic parameters according to the environment where they are calling. However, these studies did not verify if these modifications improved the call’s transmission. We investigated whether advertisement calls of Pithecopus nordestinus (Phyllomedusidade)propagated more efficiently in two habitats where the species has evolved over generations (Caatinga and Atlantic Forest) and, according to the predictions of the AAH, whether specific acoustic parameters (number of pulses, interval between pulses and dominant frequency) maximise transmission. We measured the efficiency of the transmitted signal (natural and synthesised calls) in different environments. Our results showed that natural calls from Caatinga habitats were less degraded. We found that synthetised calls with shorter intervals between pulses propagated just as well in both the Caatinga and the Atlantic Forests. Finally, the dominant frequency was influenced by the propagation environment and, synthetised calls with higher frequencies showed less degradation when propagated in the Caatinga. Our results indicate that not all differences found in the acoustic parameters of anuran calls in distinct environments can be attributed to the acoustic adaptation hypothesis.
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