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Stability control for end effect of mobile manipulator in uneven terrain based on active disturbance rejection control 基于自抗扰控制的不平坦地形移动机械臂末端效应稳定性控制
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1108/AA-10-2020-0157
Chuang Cheng, Hui Zhang, Hui Peng, Zhiqian Zhou, Bailiang Chen, Zeng Zhiwen, Huimin Lu
PurposeWhen the mobile manipulator is traveling on an unconstructed terrain, the external disturbance is generated. The load on the end of the mobile manipulator will be affected strictly by the disturbance. The purpose of this paper is to reject the disturbance and keep the end effector in a stable pose all the time, a control method is proposed for the onboard manipulator.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the kinematics and dynamics models of the end pose stability control system for the tracked robot are built. Through the guidance of this model information, the control framework based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed, which keeps the attitude of the end of the manipulator stable in the pitch, roll and yaw direction. Meanwhile, the control algorithm is operated with cloud computing because the research object, the rescue robot, aims to be lightweight and execute work with remote manipulation.FindingsThe challenging simulation experiments demonstrate that the methodology can achieve valid stability control performance in the challenging terrain road in terms of robustness and real-time.Originality/valueThis research facilitates the stable posture control of the end-effector of the mobile manipulator and maintains it in a suitable stable operating environment. The entire system can normally work even in dynamic disturbance scenarios and uncertain nonlinear modeling. Furthermore, an example is given to guide the parameter tuning of ADRC by using model information and estimate the unknown internal modeling uncertainty, which is difficult to be modeled or identified.
目的当移动机械手在未施工的地形上运行时,会产生外部扰动。移动机械手末端的载荷将受到扰动的严格影响。为了抑制扰动并使末端执行器始终保持稳定位姿,提出了一种机载机械手的控制方法。设计/方法/方法本文建立了履带机器人末端位姿稳定控制系统的运动学和动力学模型。通过该模型信息的指导,设计了基于自抗扰控制(ADRC)的控制框架,使机械手末端姿态在俯仰、横摇和偏航方向上保持稳定。同时,由于研究对象救援机器人的目标是轻量化和远程操作,因此控制算法采用云计算操作。结果具有挑战性的仿真实验表明,该方法在具有鲁棒性和实时性的复杂地形路面上能够取得有效的稳定控制性能。独创性/价值本研究有利于移动机械手末端执行器的稳定姿态控制,使其保持在合适的稳定工作环境中。整个系统即使在动态扰动和不确定非线性建模的情况下也能正常工作。最后给出了利用模型信息指导自抗扰控制器参数整定的实例,并对难以建模或辨识的未知内部建模不确定性进行了估计。
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引用次数: 3
Learning impedance regulation skills for robot belt grinding from human demonstrations 从人类演示中学习机器人皮带磨削的阻抗调节技能
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1108/AA-08-2020-0110
Guojun Zhang, Feng Ni, Liu Hong, Jiang Zainan, Guocai Yang, Li Chongyang
The purpose of this paper is to transfer the impedance regulation of manual belt grinding to robot belt grinding control.,This paper presents a novel methodology for transmitting human impedance regulation skills to robot control in robot belt grinding. First, according to the human grinding experimental data, the skilled worker’s arm impedance regulation is calculated. Next, the human skills are encapsulated as the statistical learning model where the kernel parameters are learned from the demonstration data by Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithms. The desired profiles of robot are generated by the task planner based on the learned skill knowledge model. Lastly, the learned skill knowledge model is integrated with an adaptive hybrid position-force controller over the trajectory and force of end-effector in robot belt grinding task.,Manual grinding skills are represented and transferred to robot belt grinding for higher grinding quality of the workpiece.,The impedance of the manual grinding is estimated by k-means++ algorithm at different grinding phases. Manual grinding skills (e.g. trajectory, impedance regulation) are represented and modeled by GMM and GPR algorithms. The desired trajectory, force and impedance of robot are generated by the planner based on the learned skills knowledge model. An adaptive hybrid position-force controller is designed based on learned skill knowledge model. This paper proposes a torque-tracking controller to suppress the vibration in robot belt grinding process.
本文的目的是将手动皮带磨削的阻抗调节转移到机器人皮带磨削控制中。,本文提出了一种在机器人皮带磨削中将人阻抗调节技能传递给机器人控制的新方法。首先,根据人体磨削实验数据,计算出熟练工人手臂阻抗的调节规律。接下来,将人类技能封装为统计学习模型,其中通过高斯过程回归(GPR)算法从演示数据中学习核参数。任务规划器基于所学习的技能知识模型生成机器人的期望轮廓。最后,将所学习的技能知识模型与自适应混合位置力控制器集成在机器人皮带磨削任务中末端执行器的轨迹和力上。,为了提高工件的磨削质量,将手动磨削技术表现出来并转移到机器人皮带磨削中。,采用k-means++算法对不同磨削阶段的手工磨削阻抗进行了估计。手动研磨技能(如轨迹、阻抗调节)由GMM和GPR算法表示和建模。规划器基于所学习的技能知识模型生成机器人所需的轨迹、力和阻抗。基于学习技能知识模型,设计了一种自适应混合位置力控制器。本文提出了一种转矩跟踪控制器来抑制机器人皮带磨削过程中的振动。
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引用次数: 5
Knowledge-enabled digital twin for smart designing of aircraft assembly line 基于知识的飞机装配线智能设计数字孪生
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1108/AA-09-2020-0133
Xiao Chang, Xiaoliang Jia, Kuo Liu, Hao Hu
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a knowledge-enabled digital twin for smart design (KDT-SD) of aircraft assembly line (AAL) to enhance the AAL efficiency, performance and visibility. Modern AALs usually need to have capabilities such as digital-physical interaction and self-evaluation that brings significant challenges to traditional design method for AAL. The digital twin (DT) combining with reusable knowledge, as the key technologies in this framework, is introduced to promote the design process by configuring, understanding and evaluating design scheme.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed KDT-SD framework is designed with the introduction of DT and knowledge. First, dynamic design knowledge library (DDK-Lib) is established which could support the various activities of DT in the entire design process. Then, the knowledge-driven digital AAL modeling method is proposed. At last, knowledge-based smart evaluation is used to understand and identify the design flaws, which could further improvement of the design scheme.FindingsBy means of the KDT-SD framework proposed, it is possible to apply DT to reduce the complexity and discover design flaws in AAL design. Moreover, the knowledge equips DT with the capacities of rapid modeling and smart evaluation that improve design efficiency and quality.Originality/valueThe proposed KDT-SD framework can provide efficient design of AAL and evaluate the design performance in advance so that the feasibility of design scheme can be improved as much as possible.
目的本文旨在为飞机装配线(AAL)的智能设计(KDT-SD)提供一个知识赋能的数字孪生,以提高AAL的效率、性能和可见性。现代AAL通常需要具备数字物理交互和自我评价等能力,这给传统的AAL设计方法带来了重大挑战。数字孪生(DT)与可重用知识相结合,作为该框架中的关键技术,通过配置、理解和评估设计方案来促进设计过程。设计/方法论/方法所提出的KDT-SD框架是在引入DT和知识的情况下设计的。首先,建立了动态设计知识库(DDK-Lib),可以支持DT在整个设计过程中的各种活动。然后,提出了知识驱动的数字AAL建模方法。最后,运用基于知识的智能评价方法来理解和识别设计缺陷,从而进一步完善设计方案。发现通过提出的KDT-SD框架,可以应用DT来降低AAL设计的复杂性并发现设计缺陷。此外,这些知识使DT具备了快速建模和智能评估的能力,从而提高了设计效率和质量。独创性/价值所提出的KDT-SD框架可以提供高效的AAL设计,并提前评估设计性能,从而尽可能提高设计方案的可行性。
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引用次数: 5
Exoskeleton cloud-brain platform and its application in safety assessment 外骨骼云脑平台及其在安全评估中的应用
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1108/AA-11-2020-0184
Fashu Xu, Rui Huang, Hong Cheng, Mingyuan Fan, Jing Qiu
PurposeThis paper aims at the problem of attaching the data of doctors, patients and the real-time sensor data of the exoskeleton to the cloud in intelligent rehabilitation applications. This study designed the exoskeleton cloud-brain platform and validated its safety assessment.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the dimension of data and the transmission speed, this paper implements a three-layer cloud-brain platform of exoskeleton based on Alibaba Cloud's Lambda-like architecture. At the same time, given the human–machine safety status detection problem of the exoskeleton, this paper built a personalized machine-learning safety detection module for users with the multi-dimensional sensor data cloned by the cloud-brain platform. This module includes an abnormality detection model, prediction model and state classification model of the human–machine state.FindingsThese functions of the exoskeleton cloud-brain and the algorithms based on it were validated by the experiments, they meet the needs of use.Originality/valueThis thesis innovatively proposes a cloud-brain platform for exoskeletons, beginning the digitalization and intelligence of the exoskeletal rehabilitation process and laying the foundation for future intelligent assistance systems.
目的本文旨在解决智能康复应用中医生、患者的数据以及外骨骼的实时传感器数据与云的连接问题。本研究设计了外骨骼云脑平台,并验证了其安全性评估。设计/方法论/方法根据数据的维度和传输速度,本文实现了一个基于阿里云类似Lambda架构的外骨骼三层云脑平台。同时,针对外骨骼的人机安全状态检测问题,本文利用云脑平台克隆的多维传感器数据,为用户构建了个性化的机器学习安全检测模块。该模块包括人机状态的异常检测模型、预测模型和状态分类模型。发现外骨骼云脑的这些功能及其算法经过实验验证,符合使用需求。独创性/价值本文创新性地提出了一个外骨骼云脑平台,开启了外骨骼康复过程的数字化和智能化,为未来的智能辅助系统奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation and deep learning on point clouds for robot grasping 机器人抓取点云仿真与深度学习
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.1108/AA-07-2020-0096
Wang Zhengtuo, Xu Yuetong, Guanhua Xu, Fu Jianzhong, Yu Jiongyan, Gu Tianyi
PurposeIn this work, the authors aim to provide a set of convenient methods for generating training data, and then develop a deep learning method based on point clouds to estimate the pose of target for robot grasping.Design/methodology/approachThis work presents a deep learning method PointSimGrasp on point clouds for robot grasping. In PointSimGrasp, a point cloud emulator is introduced to generate training data and a pose estimation algorithm, which, based on deep learning, is designed. After trained with the emulation data set, the pose estimation algorithm could estimate the pose of target.FindingsIn experiment part, an experimental platform is built, which contains a six-axis industrial robot, a binocular structured-light sensor and a base platform with adjustable inclination. A data set that contains three subsets is set up on the experimental platform. After trained with the emulation data set, the PointSimGrasp is tested on the experimental data set, and an average translation error of about 2–3 mm and an average rotation error of about 2–5 degrees are obtained.Originality/valueThe contributions are as follows: first, a deep learning method on point clouds is proposed to estimate 6D pose of target; second, a convenient training method for pose estimation algorithm is presented and a point cloud emulator is introduced to generate training data; finally, an experimental platform is built, and the PointSimGrasp is tested on the platform.
本文旨在提供一套方便的训练数据生成方法,然后开发一种基于点云的深度学习方法来估计机器人抓取目标的姿态。提出了一种基于点云的深度学习方法PointSimGrasp,用于机器人抓取。在PointSimGrasp中,引入点云模拟器生成训练数据,设计了基于深度学习的姿态估计算法。姿态估计算法经过仿真数据集的训练,可以估计出目标的姿态。在实验部分,搭建了一个实验平台,该平台由六轴工业机器人、双目结构光传感器和倾角可调基础平台组成。在实验平台上建立了包含三个子集的数据集。利用仿真数据集对PointSimGrasp进行训练后,在实验数据集上对其进行测试,得到的平均平移误差约为2-3 mm,平均旋转误差约为2-5度。主要贡献如下:首先,提出了一种基于点云的深度学习方法来估计目标的6D姿态;其次,提出了一种方便的姿态估计算法训练方法,并引入点云模拟器生成训练数据;最后搭建了实验平台,对PointSimGrasp进行了测试。
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引用次数: 7
Simulation on an electro-hydrostatic actuator controlled by a high-pressure piezoelectric pump with a displacement amplifier 带位移放大器的高压压电泵控制电液静压执行器的仿真
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.1108/AA-04-2020-0054
Bin Wang, Nanyue Xu, Pengyuan Wu, Rongfei Yang
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a new hydrostatic actuator controlled by a piezoelectric piston pump and to reveal its characteristics.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a piezoelectric pump with passive poppet valves and hydraulic displacement amplifier is designed as a new control component in a hydrostatic actuator for high actuation capacity. A component-level mathematical model is established to describe the system characteristics. Simulation verification for cases under typical conditions is implemented to evaluate the delivery behavior of the pump and the carrying ability of the actuator.FindingsBy using the displacement amplifier and the passive distributing valves, simulation demonstrates that the pump can deliver flow rate up to 3 L/min, and the actuator controlled by this pump can push an object weighing approximately 50 kg. In addition, it is particularly important to decide a proper amplification ratio of the amplifier in the pump for better actuation performance.Originality/valueThe piezoelectric pump presented in this paper has its potential to light hydrostatic actuator. The model constructed in this paper is valid for characteristic analysis and performance evaluation of this pump and actuators.
目的提出一种由压电柱塞泵控制的新型静液作动器,并揭示其特性。设计方法:本文设计了一种带被动锥阀和液压位移放大器的压电泵,作为一种新型的控制元件,用于高驱动能力的静液作动器。建立了组件级数学模型来描述系统的特性。通过典型工况下的仿真验证,评估了泵的输送性能和执行机构的承载能力。利用位移放大器和被动分配阀,仿真表明该泵的流量可达3 L/min,由该泵控制的执行器可推动约50 kg重的物体。此外,为获得更好的驱动性能,确定泵内放大器的适当放大比尤为重要。本文所提出的压电泵在轻型静液执行器方面具有潜力。本文所建立的模型对该泵及其执行机构的特性分析和性能评价是有效的。
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引用次数: 1
An EKF-based multiple data fusion for mobile robot indoor localization 基于EKF的移动机器人室内定位多数据融合
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.1108/AA-12-2020-0199
Guangbing Zhou, Jing Luo, Shugong Xu, Shunqing Zhang, Shige Meng, Kui Xiang
PurposeIndoor localization is a key tool for robot navigation in indoor environments. Traditionally, robot navigation depends on one sensor to perform autonomous localization. This paper aims to enhance the navigation performance of mobile robots, a multiple data fusion (MDF) method is proposed for indoor environments.Design/methodology/approachHere, multiple sensor data i.e. collected information of inertial measurement unit, odometer and laser radar, are used. Then, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to incorporate these multiple data and the mobile robot can perform autonomous localization according to the proposed EKF-based MDF method in complex indoor environments.FindingsThe proposed method has experimentally been verified in the different indoor environments, i.e. office, passageway and exhibition hall. Experimental results show that the EKF-based MDF method can achieve the best localization performance and robustness in the process of navigation.Originality/valueIndoor localization precision is mostly related to the collected data from multiple sensors. The proposed method can incorporate these collected data reasonably and can guide the mobile robot to perform autonomous navigation (AN) in indoor environments. Therefore, the output of this paper would be used for AN in complex and unknown indoor environments.
目的室内定位是机器人在室内环境中导航的关键工具。传统上,机器人导航依赖于一个传感器来执行自主定位。为了提高移动机器人的导航性能,提出了一种适用于室内环境的多数据融合方法。设计/方法/方法这里使用多个传感器数据,即惯性测量单元、里程表和激光雷达的收集信息。然后,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)来合并这些多个数据,移动机器人可以在复杂的室内环境中根据所提出的基于EKF的MDF方法进行自主定位。发现该方法已在不同的室内环境中进行了实验验证,如办公室、通道和展厅。实验结果表明,基于EKF的MDF方法在导航过程中可以获得最佳的定位性能和鲁棒性。原创性/价值室内定位精度主要与从多个传感器收集的数据有关。所提出的方法可以合理地结合这些收集的数据,并可以指导移动机器人在室内环境中进行自主导航。因此,本文的输出将用于复杂和未知的室内环境中的AN。
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引用次数: 7
Optimal grasp force for robotic grasping and in-hand manipulation with impedance control 阻抗控制下机器人抓取和手操作的最佳抓取力
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1108/AA-11-2020-0180
Xiaoqing Li, Ziyu Chen, Chao Ma
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to achieve stable grasping and dexterous in-hand manipulation, the control of the multi-fingered robotic hand is a difficult problem as the hand has many degrees of freedom with various grasp configurations.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, a novel object-level impedance control framework with optimized grasp force and grasp quality is proposed for multi-fingered robotic hand grasping and in-hand manipulation. The minimal grasp force optimization aims to achieve stable grasping satisfying friction cone constraint while keeping appropriate contact forces without damage to the object. With the optimized grasp quality function, optimal grasp quality can be obtained by dynamically sliding on the object from initial grasp configuration to final grasp configuration. By the proposed controller, the in-hand manipulation of the grasped object can be achieved with compliance to the environment force. The control performance of the closed-loop robotic system is guaranteed by appropriately choosing the design parameters as proved by a Lyapunove function.FindingsSimulations are conducted to validate the efficiency and performance of the proposed controller with a three-fingered robotic hand.Originality/valueThis paper presents a method for robotic optimal grasping and in-hand manipulation with a compliant controller. It may inspire other related researchers and has great potential for practical usage in a widespread of robot applications.
摘要多指机械人手具有多种抓握构型和不同的自由度,因此多指机械人手的控制是一个难点问题,其目的是实现稳定的抓握和灵巧的手部操作。为了实现这一目标,提出了一种新的对象级阻抗控制框架,优化了抓取力和抓取质量,用于多指机械手的抓取和手持操作。最小抓握力优化的目标是在满足摩擦锥约束的情况下,在保持适当的接触力的前提下,实现稳定的抓握。利用优化后的抓握质量函数,通过在物体上从初始抓握构型向最终抓握构型的动态滑动,获得最优抓握质量。通过所提出的控制器,可以实现对被抓物体的手握操作,并与环境力保持一致。通过Lyapunove函数证明,合理选择设计参数可以保证闭环机器人系统的控制性能。通过三指机械手的仿真,验证了所提控制器的效率和性能。提出了一种基于柔性控制器的机器人最优抓取和手持操作方法。它可以启发其他相关研究人员,在机器人的广泛应用中具有很大的实际应用潜力。
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引用次数: 6
Human-robot skills transfer interface for UAV-based precision pesticide in dynamic environments 动态环境下基于无人机的精准农药人机技能转移界面
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1108/AA-11-2020-0161
Xuanyi Zhou, Jilin He, Dingping Chen, Junsong Li, C. Jiang, Mengyuan Ji, Miaolei He
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引用次数: 14
The job rotation scheduling problem considering human cognitive effects: an integrated approach 考虑人类认知效应的工作轮换调度问题:一种综合方法
IF 2.1 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1108/AA-05-2020-0061
A. Ayough, Farbod Farhadi, M. Zandieh
PurposeThis paper aims to unfold the role that job rotation plays in a lean cell. Unlike many studies, the authors consider heterogeneous operators with dynamic performance factor that is impacted by the assignment and scheduling decisions. The purpose is to derive an understanding of the underlying effects of job rotations on performance metrics in a lean cell. The authors use an optimization framework and an experimental design methodology for sensitivity analysis of the input parameters.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is an integration of three stages. The authors propose a set-based optimization model that considers human behavior parameters. They also solve the problem with two meta-heuristic algorithms and an efficient local search algorithm. Further, the authors run a post-optimality analysis by conducting a design of experiments using the response surface methodology (RSM).FindingsThe results of the optimization model reveal that the job rotation schedules and the human cognitive metrics influence the performance of the lean cell. The results of the sensitivity analysis further show that the objective function and the job rotation frequencies are highly sensitive to the other input parameters. Based on the findings from the RSM, the authors derive general rules for the job rotations in a lean cell given the ranges in other input variables.Originality/valueThe authors integrate the job rotation scheduling model with human behavioral and cognitive parameters and formulate the problem in a lean cell for the first time in the literature. In addition, they use the RSM for the first time in this context and offer a post-optimality analysis that reveals important information about the impact of the job rotations on the performance of operators and the entire working cell.
本文旨在揭示岗位轮换在精益细胞中的作用。与以往的研究不同,本文考虑了受分配和调度决策影响的异构操作系统的动态性能因素。目的是获得对精益单元中工作轮换对绩效指标的潜在影响的理解。作者使用优化框架和实验设计方法的敏感性分析的输入参数。设计/方法/方法方法是三个阶段的综合。作者提出了一种考虑人类行为参数的基于集合的优化模型。他们还采用了两种元启发式算法和一种高效的局部搜索算法来解决问题。此外,作者通过使用响应面方法(RSM)进行实验设计来运行后最优性分析。结果发现:优化模型的结果表明,工作轮换时间表和人类认知指标影响精益细胞的绩效。灵敏度分析结果进一步表明,目标函数和工作轮换频率对其他输入参数高度敏感。基于RSM的研究结果,作者在给定其他输入变量范围的情况下推导出精益单元中工作轮换的一般规则。原创性/价值作者将工作轮换调度模型与人类行为和认知参数相结合,并在文献中首次在精益细胞中提出问题。此外,他们还首次在这种情况下使用了RSM,并提供了后最优分析,揭示了作业轮换对作业者和整个工作单元性能影响的重要信息。
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引用次数: 1
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