Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

Objective: Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. As there are no clinical symptoms at the beginning of the disease, the diagnosis can be delayed and the stage increased. Timely diagnosis is therefore crucial. Since one of the factors involved in cell division is phosphate, and considering the benefits of using saliva, this study investigated the phosphate concentration in saliva and serum in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer as well as in healthy patients.

Methods: 26 patients with gastric and colorectal cancer confirmed by pathologic criteria were admitted to the oncology department of Imam Reza Hospital, and 30 healthy individuals participated in this study. Saliva and serum samples were collected in the morning. Phosphate concentration was determined using a photometric method.

Results: The average phosphate content in serum as well as in stimulated and unstimulated saliva was significantly lower in the patient group. In addition, the results showed that the patients reported more dry mouth than the control group despite increased salivary flow.

Conclusion: It appears that patients with malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as colorectal cancer and gastric cancer, have lower serum and salivary phosphate levels than healthy individuals.

Objective: This study aimed to find out the effect of age, hot beverages and tobacco related products on buccal mucosa cells between cigarette smokers and non-smokers in Ajman, UAE.

Methods: A total of 122 samples were collected, with demographic data including age, hot beverage consumption, cigarette smoking and other tobacco practice using pre-designed questionnaires. Buccal cells were collected, stained, and screened for micronuclei (MN) under a microscope and two evaluators independently assessed all the slides.

Results: Among the 122 participants, 61.5% were aged ≤35 years, and 38.5% were aged >35 years. All non-smokers had MN values <10, while 87% of smokers had MN values >10 (p<0.001), with a trend of dose-dependent relationship between cigarette consumption and MN frequency. Similar patterns were observed in individuals using other forms of tobacco, with 97.4% exhibiting MN values >10 (p<0.001). Hot beverage consumption ≥7 cups/day was associated with 87% of subjects having MN values >10, highlighting the pattern of alternative forms of tobacco and high consumption of hot beverages association with elevated MN occurrence. Significant associations were found between MN and variables, except for age.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the significance of tobacco and hot beverage consumption in MN occurrence, emphasizing the need to address these behaviors to mitigate genotoxicity and associated health risks. Despite age showing no significant correlation with MN frequency within the studied age range, aging combined with cigarette smoking amplifies genetic damage.
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Background: Breast surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) may cause long-term side effects such as decreased muscle strength, pulmonary function, cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF), altered body fat distribution and poor sleep quality. These short- and long-term repercussions have an enormous effect on physical functioning in this population. The goal of this research was to determine the effect of a multi-component exercise program on functional performance in breast cancer survivors.

Methods: In this research, 132 women with breast cancer were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Participants were separated in a pair of two groups: the control group, which participated in breast cancer support group therapy, and the experimental group, which engaged in a multi-component exercise program. Each group consisted of 66 participants. The study assessed functional performance using a 12-minute walk test and a sit-to-stand test. Over a year, the breast cancer support group and the multi-component fitness program were implemented. Pre- and post-assessments were used to determine the effectiveness of the multi-component workout program. Statistical evaluation was executed utilizing SPSS statistical software (version 26.0 for Windows; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, USA) to obtain the results.

Results: The study findings indicate significant improvements in functional performance for the experimental group. Specifically, the sit-to-stand test showed extremely significant results (p-value of 0.0002), and the 12-minute walk test also demonstrated significance (p-value of 0.008). These positive outcomes highlight the effect of the multi-component exercise program in enhancing physical performance in breast cancer survivors.

Conclusion: The study revealed that both of the control group as well as the experimental group exhibited impaired functional performance in measures of outcome including 12-minute walk tests well as sit-to-stand test before the intervention. However, the multi-component exercise program had a notable positive impact on muscle performance among breast cancer survivors.

Background and objective: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy marked by the abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, leading to disrupted blood cell production. The telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a key component of the telomerase enzyme, is often overexpressed in various cancers, including AML, contributing to cellular immortality. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the hTERT gene, serum protein concentrations, and hematological parameters in newly diagnosed AML patients, comparing these findings to AML patients in remission and healthy controls.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from three groups: 10 newly diagnosed AML patients, 35 AML patients in remission, and 40 healthy controls. Hematological parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, were measured. Serum hTERT protein concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hTERT gene expression was assessed through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Result: The study demonstrated that newly diagnosed AML patients had significantly higher hTERT gene expression and serum protein levels compared to both remission patients and healthy individuals. Hematological analyses revealed elevated WBC counts alongside reduced RBC, PLT, and Hb levels in AML patients relative to controls.

Conclusion: Increased hTERT expression and serum protein levels are valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring AML. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting hTERT and underscore the importance of conducting further studies on larger patient cohorts to validate these results.

Objective: The present study aimed to estimate the levels of phosphodiesterase (PDE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iron levels in patients with oral cancer.

Method: 50 patients reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore were recruited for the study after taking informed consent. The study group consists of 50 control groups with no complications and 50 oral cancer patients. A 5 ml venous Blood sample was taken, centrifuged and serum was collected for subsequent analysis. 50 normal control samples were also collected for comparison purposes. PDE, MPO and iron levels were estimated.

Results: PDE levels were significantly elevated in the case group compared to the control. MPO and iron levels were significantly reduced in the case group compared to the control.

Conclusion: Immunological and biochemical assessment of oral precancer and cancer patients may help in earlier diagnosis and/or prognosis of these lesions. This may also serve in predicting the malignant potential of the pre-malignant lesions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect the distribution of different lectin receptors in primary cancer cells as well as in the case of metastasis, as these biomolecules can potentially predict cancer development in certain tissues and systems.

Methods: To detect lectin receptors in tumors, the authors used conjugates of lectins purified by affinity chromatography with peroxidase, and studied their localization in paraffin sections of 12 cases of primary cancer and 33 of its metastases.

Result: In primary cancers and their metastases, there is a distinct mosaicity in the histotopography of individual lectins, especially peanut and soybean lectin. Mosaicity increases in metastases, which corresponds to the increase in malignancy of tumour cells. Detected cases of metastases with a decrease in mosaicity may be a sign of their monoclonality or a decrease in their malignancy. The study of lectins in the cells of cancer metastases and their comparison with the primary tumour and with each other suggests that in metastases, as a rule, not only signs of malignancy increase, but also the ability of cells to adhere and migrate. Thus, in the process of tumour growth and metastasis, there is a selection of clones of cells that are more prone to the development of new metastases.

Conclusions: It has been revealed that the growth of a primary immature tumour from the epithelium and its metastases is accompanied by sialylation of the surface of tumour cells, which leads to the fact that tumour cells are not recognized by the system of mononuclear phagocytes and this, naturally, contributes to the progression of tumour growth.

Objective: Breast cancer represents the most prevalent type of tumor throughout the world. Considering the side effects caused by the available treatments, the resistance acquired by cells to cytotoxic agents, and metastasis, it is necessary to search for new sources of antitumor and antimetastatic therapies. Given the numerous antitumor studies involving the synthesis of substances derived from the naphthoquinone lapachol, we investigated the antineoplastic potential of a new synthetic substance (APO-3) derived from lapachol, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX), against 4T1 cells, a murine breast cancer cell line.

Methods/results: In MTT assay APO-3 and the APO-3/PTX combination were selectively cytotoxic to 4T1 cells, with APO-3/PTX being approximately 6.5 and 15 times more selective than PTX and APO-3, respectively. After zymography, APO-3/PTX was more effective in decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity compared with APO-3 alone. In the clonogenic assay, APO-3/PTX reduced the number of colonies more effectively than APO-3 or PTX alone. APO-3/PTX also inhibited cell migration, as did PTX and APO-3 alone. The combination increased the expression of proteins involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and induced cellular morphological changes characteristic of this type of cell death, acting similarly to PTX alone. APO-3 increased Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and caused morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis and necroptosis in 4T1 cells.

Conclusion: Taken together, APO-3 presented antitumor action against 4T1 cells, but the APO-3/PTX combination was more effective than either substance alone.

It is known that complete pathomorphological response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer (BC) correlates with higher rates of recurrence-free and overall survival. In turn, the widespread use of neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of breast cancer defines the clinical need for prognostic markers of response to ongoing therapy. Currently, some clinicopathological prognostic factors are used to assess the potential benefit of neoadjuvant systemic therapy for female patients, but they have limited applicability. In the era of precision medicine and personalised treatment, a search for new prognostic markers is needed to better tailor patient-specific therapy. To date, novel factors have been proposed to predict response to preoperative treatment in breast cancer patients, but they are either not yet used in routine clinical practice or have limited application. Thus, this review summarises data on both established and proven biomarkers and the latest prognostic factors for response to neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients.

Background: Post-mastectomy lymphedema is a common complication following breast cancer surgery, characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid, causing swelling, discomfort, and functional limitations in the affected arm. Traditional treatments for lymphedema include manual lymphatic drainage and compression garments, but their effectiveness is variable, and many patients do not achieve satisfactory outcomes. Emerging therapeutic modalities such as Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Kinesio Taping, and Endermology offer potential non-invasive treatment alternatives. However, the relative efficacy of these approaches in reducing lymphedema, improving limb function, and enhancing quality of life in post-mastectomy patients remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effects of low-level laser therapy, kinesio taping, and endermology on breast cancer patients post-mastectomy with lymphedema.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Searches were carried out in databases using keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the studies to be included. The selected studies were critically appraised using Cochrane's critical appraisal tool. The chosen studies were extracted and analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis was performed using both fixed-effects and random-effects approaches.

Results: Eighteen studies were included in this analysis. All studies were randomized trials with good quality based on critical appraisal. The analysis found a significantly greater reduction in arm volume in the combined intervention group (MD = 76.27; 95% CI = 33.84-118.69) and in each therapy group: low-level laser therapy (MD = 91.98; 95% CI = 41.99-141.97) and endermology (MD = 34.61; 95% CI = 20.81-48.41). However, there were no significant differences in the reduction of arm circumference or pain scale, either overall or for each therapy individually.

Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy and endermology provide better outcomes for breast cancer patients with post-mastectomy lymphedema compared to conventional therapy.

Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. Colon cancer, also known as Caco-2, is caused by multiple epigenetic alterations and involves unregulated proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of neighboring tissues. Colon cancer patients have had surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. This study investigates a new experimental method using inexpensive and environmentally friendly Egyptian plant extracts. DMSO-dissolved ginger, garlic, cinnamon, and chamomile were employed in this investigation. HPLC and GC-MS were used to analyze plant extracts. These extracts were tested for colon cancer efficacy using various methods. These methods included Caco-2 cells, MTT test, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. Garlic and ginger were found to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. Compared to cinnamon and chamomile extracts, garlic and ginger have boosted LDH synthesis significantly. Garlic and ginger also altered autophagy genes (Bectin1, Atg5, PTEN) and Caspase-3 expression pathways on proapoptotic signaling. Garlic and ginger increased cleaved PTEN and caspase-3 and decreased Atg5 and Bectin1. Ginger and garlic caused extrinsic apoptosis and prevented Atg5 and Bectin1 phosphorylation. The average IL-8 and IL-6 levels increased significantly after 24 hours, according to ELISA. In conclusion, garlic and ginger extracts modify pro-inflammatory cytokines. Alternative herbal remedies like garlic and ginger may be effective and safe colon cancer treatments.