Background In the last 20 years female participation in sports increased due the passage of particular act. According to this law the discrimination against female athletes in sports was relatively decreased. Aim of this study was the menstrual situations of Turkish female team athletes and individual athletes in premenstrual syndrome period. Material & Methods: After a New Scale for Premenstrual Syndrome was conducted to the sample of the study, some significant results were gained. The menstrual situations of individual female athletes who deal with wrestling, judo, and taekwondo branches were assessed. In this study team athletes were 120 females and individual athletes were 146 females in total 266 females. The survey was conducted to these athletes. Frequency distributions were noticed according to gathered data for two or more variables and chi square and independent sample t test were applied to some of the items. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: It is seen that depressive affectivity, anxiety, exhaustion, anger, pain, appetite changes and timidity which are the conditions of premenstrual syndrome differed in a significant way in team athletes than in individual athletes. There is significant difference between the branches and the effect of participation to competition to performance in menstrual period. Conclusions: The responsibility of competitive in team sports was shared by all team athletes. In individual sports, athletes must cope with psychological and physical stresses of competitive by herself. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that individual athletes maybe confronted with the psychological stresses during match and training.
{"title":"Psychological Situations of Elite Turkish Female Athletes in Premenstrual Period","authors":"Ö. Taşğın","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883781","url":null,"abstract":"Background In the last 20 years female participation in sports increased due the passage of particular act. According to this law the discrimination against female athletes in sports was relatively decreased. Aim of this study was the menstrual situations of Turkish female team athletes and individual athletes in premenstrual syndrome period. Material & Methods: After a New Scale for Premenstrual Syndrome was conducted to the sample of the study, some significant results were gained. The menstrual situations of individual female athletes who deal with wrestling, judo, and taekwondo branches were assessed. In this study team athletes were 120 females and individual athletes were 146 females in total 266 females. The survey was conducted to these athletes. Frequency distributions were noticed according to gathered data for two or more variables and chi square and independent sample t test were applied to some of the items. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: It is seen that depressive affectivity, anxiety, exhaustion, anger, pain, appetite changes and timidity which are the conditions of premenstrual syndrome differed in a significant way in team athletes than in individual athletes. There is significant difference between the branches and the effect of participation to competition to performance in menstrual period. Conclusions: The responsibility of competitive in team sports was shared by all team athletes. In individual sports, athletes must cope with psychological and physical stresses of competitive by herself. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that individual athletes maybe confronted with the psychological stresses during match and training.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiyoshi Ito, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Mitsuru Nakamura, N. Maekawa, Masahiro Tamura, N. Hirotsu
Background Due to a 2010 rule revision, attack with the arms or hands below the belt is prohibited, with the penalty being hansoku-make for the first offense. This strict rule must have affected competitors’ technical-tactical behaviors with regards to using hands and arms below the belt in contests. The purpose of the present study is transformation of technical-tactical behaviors for hand techniques attacking below the belt in men’s contests before and after the 2010 rule revision. Material & Methods: 436 men’s contests from the 2009 Grand Slam Tokyo and the 2010 Grand Slam Paris were examined. DVDs of the Federation of All Japan Judo were used. Five hand techniques used in below the belt maneuvers as referenced in the Kodokan manual were investigated. The analysts unanimously decided if the techniques performed by competitors could be categorized within one of the five hand techniques studied. Results: Use of kibisu-gaeshi significantly decreased (p<0.05). Use of sukui-nage used in countering an opponent’s crossguard grab significantly increased (p<0.05). Use of kata-guruma not utilizing below the belt hand or arm grabbing significantly increased (p<0.01). German, English, and Japanese contestants significantly decreased in their use of hand techniques below the belt (p<0.01, p <0.05, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Sukui-nage was increasingly used to counter the opponent’s use of the cross-guard grab; the kata-guruma technique underwent a style transformation. On the other hand, kibisu-gaeshi could not be used effectively with the rule revision.
{"title":"The transformation of technical-tactical behaviors for hand techniques used in attacking below the belt after the 2010 International Judo Federation rule revision","authors":"Kiyoshi Ito, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Mitsuru Nakamura, N. Maekawa, Masahiro Tamura, N. Hirotsu","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883732","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to a 2010 rule revision, attack with the arms or hands below the belt is prohibited, with the penalty being hansoku-make for the first offense. This strict rule must have affected competitors’ technical-tactical behaviors with regards to using hands and arms below the belt in contests. The purpose of the present study is transformation of technical-tactical behaviors for hand techniques attacking below the belt in men’s contests before and after the 2010 rule revision. Material & Methods: 436 men’s contests from the 2009 Grand Slam Tokyo and the 2010 Grand Slam Paris were examined. DVDs of the Federation of All Japan Judo were used. Five hand techniques used in below the belt maneuvers as referenced in the Kodokan manual were investigated. The analysts unanimously decided if the techniques performed by competitors could be categorized within one of the five hand techniques studied. Results: Use of kibisu-gaeshi significantly decreased (p<0.05). Use of sukui-nage used in countering an opponent’s crossguard grab significantly increased (p<0.05). Use of kata-guruma not utilizing below the belt hand or arm grabbing significantly increased (p<0.01). German, English, and Japanese contestants significantly decreased in their use of hand techniques below the belt (p<0.01, p <0.05, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Sukui-nage was increasingly used to counter the opponent’s use of the cross-guard grab; the kata-guruma technique underwent a style transformation. On the other hand, kibisu-gaeshi could not be used effectively with the rule revision.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of protective foot and forearm guards in Taekwondo","authors":"N. Ramazanoğlu","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomechanical characteristics of the Axe Kick in Tae Kwon-Do","authors":"D. Yu, Yaguang Yu, Brandie Wilde, Gongbing Shan","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background It is believed that martial arts can produce educational opportunities for youth. Therefore, some critical success factors have to be taken into account. One of these factors is considered as the type of guidance. However in martial arts, there is a lack of research examining the role of the martial arts teacher. Therefore, a study was set up to analyse different teaching approaches used in martial arts and to develop a framework aiming to identify these teaching methods. Material/Methods: A multiple instruments research design was set up, in which 20 teachers in aikido (n=5), karate (n=10) or kick-/Thai boxing (n=5) were involved. All of them were observed during a training session (i.e., informal interactive observation). Moreover, they were interviewed before and afterwards (i.e., pre-interactive and post-interactive interviews). The pre-interactive interview guide included questions regarding (a) the goal of teaching, (b) the didactical approaches, (c) the traditional aspects of martial arts, and (d) the problems encountered during training. During the post-interactive interview all subjects were asked to point out specific aspects of their teaching approach and to respond to an instrument specifically developed for this study, which consists of seven dimensions to identify different teaching approach (i.e., TAMA, Teaching Approach in Martial arts framework). Results: Based on the total scores of TAMA, martial arts teachers were classified into three groups. Those with the lowest scores were classified as representatives of a traditional teaching approach, with medium scores as teachers using an educational sporting approach and with the highest scores as those using an efficiency approach. In short, teachers using a traditional teaching method emphasised traditional aspects and pedagogically oriented aims. Martial arts teachers situated in the educational sporting group were still focused on the traditional aspects, but considered martial arts rather more as a sport. And finally, the focus of teachers using an efficiency approach was on competition and the development of performing skills. Conclusions: Differences are clearly identified in the teaching approach used by teachers of different martial arts (i.e., aikido teachers use a traditional approach while kick-/Thai boxing teachers show an efficiency approach), as well as within one martial art (i.e., karate teachers use all three approaches). The development of TAMA was the first onset to identify different teaching approaches in martial arts. In order to generalise the results of the present study further research is recommended
{"title":"Teaching in martial arts: The analysis and identification of teaching approaches in youth martial arts practice","authors":"Jikkemien Vertonghen, M. Theeboom, M. Cloes","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883502","url":null,"abstract":"Background It is believed that martial arts can produce educational opportunities for youth. Therefore, some critical success factors have to be taken into account. One of these factors is considered as the type of guidance. However in martial arts, there is a lack of research examining the role of the martial arts teacher. Therefore, a study was set up to analyse different teaching approaches used in martial arts and to develop a framework aiming to identify these teaching methods. Material/Methods: A multiple instruments research design was set up, in which 20 teachers in aikido (n=5), karate (n=10) or kick-/Thai boxing (n=5) were involved. All of them were observed during a training session (i.e., informal interactive observation). Moreover, they were interviewed before and afterwards (i.e., pre-interactive and post-interactive interviews). The pre-interactive interview guide included questions regarding (a) the goal of teaching, (b) the didactical approaches, (c) the traditional aspects of martial arts, and (d) the problems encountered during training. During the post-interactive interview all subjects were asked to point out specific aspects of their teaching approach and to respond to an instrument specifically developed for this study, which consists of seven dimensions to identify different teaching approach (i.e., TAMA, Teaching Approach in Martial arts framework). Results: Based on the total scores of TAMA, martial arts teachers were classified into three groups. Those with the lowest scores were classified as representatives of a traditional teaching approach, with medium scores as teachers using an educational sporting approach and with the highest scores as those using an efficiency approach. In short, teachers using a traditional teaching method emphasised traditional aspects and pedagogically oriented aims. Martial arts teachers situated in the educational sporting group were still focused on the traditional aspects, but considered martial arts rather more as a sport. And finally, the focus of teachers using an efficiency approach was on competition and the development of performing skills. Conclusions: Differences are clearly identified in the teaching approach used by teachers of different martial arts (i.e., aikido teachers use a traditional approach while kick-/Thai boxing teachers show an efficiency approach), as well as within one martial art (i.e., karate teachers use all three approaches). The development of TAMA was the first onset to identify different teaching approaches in martial arts. In order to generalise the results of the present study further research is recommended","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Continuous effort can be defined as the activity of every muscle since the impulses of any intended movement aiming at implementation of a given goal result in an increase of heart muscle contractions beyond resting heart rate until the end of a given activity. The goal of this paper is the methodology of measurement and documentation of continuous physical effort with variable intensity. Material/Methods: Methods used in the study included the Delphi method, analysis of the literature and scientific documentation, participant observation, case study and designing elements. The analysis of over 3000 reports of researches performed by students of physiotherapy and recreation (n=855) during standard health-related training including those based on the exercises of safe falling and avoiding collisions (participant observation) was conducted in 2008-2012. Results: The considerable advantage of the methodology of measurement, documentation and programming of the workload presented herein is the possibility to express this variable with the use of universal index, referred to as LE and based on conventional units. The index can be used at any level of preliminary analysis i.e. from particular exercises and set of exercises, training sessions to microcycles, mesocycles, macrocycles and long-term cycles. Conclusions: The reduction of health promotion and physical activity mainly to walking, running, cycling or other simple forms of exercise may counterproductive in the longer term. That is, instead of achieving the ultimate goal of common physical activity we will achieve its negation.
{"title":"Methodology of measurement, documentation and programming of optimal continuous workload with variable intensity - applications in sports medicine, physiotherapy, geriatrics, health-related training and sport for all","authors":"R. Kalina","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883685","url":null,"abstract":"Background Continuous effort can be defined as the activity of every muscle since the impulses of any intended movement aiming at implementation of a given goal result in an increase of heart muscle contractions beyond resting heart rate until the end of a given activity. The goal of this paper is the methodology of measurement and documentation of continuous physical effort with variable intensity. Material/Methods: Methods used in the study included the Delphi method, analysis of the literature and scientific documentation, participant observation, case study and designing elements. The analysis of over 3000 reports of researches performed by students of physiotherapy and recreation (n=855) during standard health-related training including those based on the exercises of safe falling and avoiding collisions (participant observation) was conducted in 2008-2012. Results: The considerable advantage of the methodology of measurement, documentation and programming of the workload presented herein is the possibility to express this variable with the use of universal index, referred to as LE and based on conventional units. The index can be used at any level of preliminary analysis i.e. from particular exercises and set of exercises, training sessions to microcycles, mesocycles, macrocycles and long-term cycles. Conclusions: The reduction of health promotion and physical activity mainly to walking, running, cycling or other simple forms of exercise may counterproductive in the longer term. That is, instead of achieving the ultimate goal of common physical activity we will achieve its negation.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Utilitarian values of judo are not questioned by specialists of combat sport or martial arts. Unfortunately what is promoted in electronic media is combat sport and martial arts based on heavy action measures (boxing, kick-boxing, MMA etc.). Especially promoters of the most brutal fights between people persistently try to give them the status of the sport. Judo is the opposite of action allowing any forms of the brutalization. In motor aspect the principle of gentle action is applicable to championship fights and randori, formal exercises (kata) and necessary selfdefence. Hence the popularity and the promotion of judo in armies around the world is also an indirect manifesting of disapproval of brutal fights in cages or anywhere else. The aim of this study is sport and scientific aspects of judo as an example of the possibility of promoting by the international association an idea of harmonious development of man using as the main mean of education fight against another man, which relies on direct confrontation, however under the condition of control force used on the opponent body. Material/Methods: The method of analysis of documentation and participant observation was used in the study (in 1995–2007 Anna Kuzawińska served as Secretary of the CISM Judo Committee). Results: The dynamic of the development of judo in CISM both in the sport (multiply the number of countries participating in the world championships of the army in judo, including the women’s representation) and scientific sense falls in years 1995–2007. Promoting the idea of the judo in the possibly wide health, mental, social and utilitarian dimension with omitting scientific methods (non-scientific methods) in the long term perspective is not very effective. The model developed by the CISM Judo Committee, in spite of many benefits which it brought to soldiers of many armies of the world, is not continued. Conclusions: The judo crisis in CISM initiated in 2008 is a symbolic example of betraying the principal rule of this organization Friendship Through Sport (how to build friendship relations through the sport, if soldiers do not have an opportunity of the systematic sports confrontation).
{"title":"Sports and scientific judo aspects in CISM (Conseil International du Sport Militaire) – 1966 – 2011","authors":"Kurt Rüegg, Anna Kuzawińska Rüegg, B. Barczyński","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883731","url":null,"abstract":"Background Utilitarian values of judo are not questioned by specialists of combat sport or martial arts. Unfortunately what is promoted in electronic media is combat sport and martial arts based on heavy action measures (boxing, kick-boxing, MMA etc.). Especially promoters of the most brutal fights between people persistently try to give them the status of the sport. Judo is the opposite of action allowing any forms of the brutalization. In motor aspect the principle of gentle action is applicable to championship fights and randori, formal exercises (kata) and necessary selfdefence. Hence the popularity and the promotion of judo in armies around the world is also an indirect manifesting of disapproval of brutal fights in cages or anywhere else. The aim of this study is sport and scientific aspects of judo as an example of the possibility of promoting by the international association an idea of harmonious development of man using as the main mean of education fight against another man, which relies on direct confrontation, however under the condition of control force used on the opponent body. Material/Methods: The method of analysis of documentation and participant observation was used in the study (in 1995–2007 Anna Kuzawińska served as Secretary of the CISM Judo Committee). Results: The dynamic of the development of judo in CISM both in the sport (multiply the number of countries participating in the world championships of the army in judo, including the women’s representation) and scientific sense falls in years 1995–2007. Promoting the idea of the judo in the possibly wide health, mental, social and utilitarian dimension with omitting scientific methods (non-scientific methods) in the long term perspective is not very effective. The model developed by the CISM Judo Committee, in spite of many benefits which it brought to soldiers of many armies of the world, is not continued. Conclusions: The judo crisis in CISM initiated in 2008 is a symbolic example of betraying the principal rule of this organization Friendship Through Sport (how to build friendship relations through the sport, if soldiers do not have an opportunity of the systematic sports confrontation).","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The main aim of the study is to define the profile of positive health and survival abilities in women differing as to physical activity. Thus formulated study aim was connected with answering the following question: do young women, undergraduate students at the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, who declare daily physical activity substantially differ from their peers declaring occasional activity in the sense of positive health in all its aspects and in self-assessment of their survival abilities? Material/Methods: The profile of women’s positive health and survival abilities was defined on the basis of Kalina’s original methodology (2012) taking into account four aspects of indices: the somatic (A), mental (B), social (C) and reflecting survival abilities (D) ones. The arithmetic mean calculated for indices A to D represents the most general index of the Sense of Positive Health and Survival Abilities (SPHSA). The studied group was composed of female students from the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation completing their education at the undergraduate level (6th semester). 24 students declared daily physical activity, and 34 students the occasional one. The subjects’ age was within the range of 20–23 years (21.24±0.99). Results: Women declaring daily physical activity surpass their occasionally active peers in the SPHSA index – 3.740 and 3.427, respectively (p<0.01). The highest value of indices in both groups was noted in social health (4.08 and 3.95), while the lowest one in the survival ability (3.5 and 3.165). Students who are active every day have statistically higher values than their occasionally active peers in the following indices: aerobic capacity (p<0.01), flexibility (p<0.001), muscular power (p<0.001), lesser aggressiveness (p<0.05), anxiety (p<0.001), skill of safe falling (p<0.05), and the ability to act precisely before and after physical activity (p<0.05). Conclusions: Physical activity constitutes an important factor modifying the sense of positive health and the survival ability. The structure of the SPHSA profile was similar in both groups. The differences regarded the intensity of those aspects which undergo the greatest changes under the influence of physical activity: somatic and mental health.
{"title":"The subjective profile of positive health and survival abilities in women differing as to physical activity","authors":"W. Jagiełło, S. Sawczyn, M. Jagiello","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883551","url":null,"abstract":"Background The main aim of the study is to define the profile of positive health and survival abilities in women differing as to physical activity. Thus formulated study aim was connected with answering the following question: do young women, undergraduate students at the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, who declare daily physical activity substantially differ from their peers declaring occasional activity in the sense of positive health in all its aspects and in self-assessment of their survival abilities? Material/Methods: The profile of women’s positive health and survival abilities was defined on the basis of Kalina’s original methodology (2012) taking into account four aspects of indices: the somatic (A), mental (B), social (C) and reflecting survival abilities (D) ones. The arithmetic mean calculated for indices A to D represents the most general index of the Sense of Positive Health and Survival Abilities (SPHSA). The studied group was composed of female students from the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation completing their education at the undergraduate level (6th semester). 24 students declared daily physical activity, and 34 students the occasional one. The subjects’ age was within the range of 20–23 years (21.24±0.99). Results: Women declaring daily physical activity surpass their occasionally active peers in the SPHSA index – 3.740 and 3.427, respectively (p<0.01). The highest value of indices in both groups was noted in social health (4.08 and 3.95), while the lowest one in the survival ability (3.5 and 3.165). Students who are active every day have statistically higher values than their occasionally active peers in the following indices: aerobic capacity (p<0.01), flexibility (p<0.001), muscular power (p<0.001), lesser aggressiveness (p<0.05), anxiety (p<0.001), skill of safe falling (p<0.05), and the ability to act precisely before and after physical activity (p<0.05). Conclusions: Physical activity constitutes an important factor modifying the sense of positive health and the survival ability. The structure of the SPHSA profile was similar in both groups. The differences regarded the intensity of those aspects which undergo the greatest changes under the influence of physical activity: somatic and mental health.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background All-out exercise tests lasting the duration of a judo match, i.e., 5 minutes, regarding arm and leg performance have barely been introduced. We hypothesised that, besides body composition, arm and leg performance, derived from 5 minutes lasting all-out ergometric tests, would be of importance for success in judo competitions. Material/Methods: The groups investigated consisted of eight juvenile (15.3±0.9 years) and six adult (25.2±4.9 years) male Austrian judokas of different ranks. In addition to body composition, power output and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were determined during 5-min all-out tests on an arm crank and a cycle ergometer. Results: Relative VO2peak during cranking was about 18% higher in juvenile than in adult men (35.5±4.3 ml∙kg–1∙min–1 vs. 30.0±3.5 ml∙kg–1∙min–1, p≤0.05). However, neither body composition nor arm and leg performance was related to competition success in juvenile judo athletes. In contrast, in adult judokas percentage of body fat (r=–0.83) and relative maximum arm power (r=0.83) were both related to competition rank (p≤0.05). Conclusions: As these results indicate age-related differences in the assessed determinants of success for judo competition performance, they may have practical importance and should be considered in planning the training for male judo athletes of different age classes.
背景:在柔道比赛中持续5分钟的全面运动测试，关于手臂和腿部的表现几乎没有被介绍过。我们假设，除了身体组成，手臂和腿部的表现，从持续5分钟的全面人体机能测试中得出，将是柔道比赛成功的重要因素。材料/方法:调查组为不同等级的成年奥地利男性柔道运动员8名(15.3±0.9岁)和6名(25.2±4.9岁)。除了身体组成外，在手臂曲柄和循环测功仪上进行的5分钟全力测试中，还测量了功率输出和峰值摄氧量(vo2峰值)。结果:青少年在启动时的相对vo2峰值比成年男性高约18%(35.5±4.3 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 vs 30.0±3.5 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, p≤0.05)。然而，青少年柔道运动员的身体组成和胳膊和腿的表现与比赛成功无关。成人柔道运动员体脂率(r= -0.83)和相对最大臂力(r=0.83)均与比赛等级相关(p≤0.05)。结论:本研究结果显示柔道比赛成绩成功的决定因素存在年龄相关的差异，这可能具有实际意义，应在规划不同年龄组男子柔道运动员的训练时予以考虑。
{"title":"Specific exercise testing in judo athletes","authors":"E. Pocecco, H. Gatterer, G. Ruedl, M. Burtscher","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883246","url":null,"abstract":"Background All-out exercise tests lasting the duration of a judo match, i.e., 5 minutes, regarding arm and leg performance have barely been introduced. We hypothesised that, besides body composition, arm and leg performance, derived from 5 minutes lasting all-out ergometric tests, would be of importance for success in judo competitions. Material/Methods: The groups investigated consisted of eight juvenile (15.3±0.9 years) and six adult (25.2±4.9 years) male Austrian judokas of different ranks. In addition to body composition, power output and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were determined during 5-min all-out tests on an arm crank and a cycle ergometer. Results: Relative VO2peak during cranking was about 18% higher in juvenile than in adult men (35.5±4.3 ml∙kg–1∙min–1 vs. 30.0±3.5 ml∙kg–1∙min–1, p≤0.05). However, neither body composition nor arm and leg performance was related to competition success in juvenile judo athletes. In contrast, in adult judokas percentage of body fat (r=–0.83) and relative maximum arm power (r=0.83) were both related to competition rank (p≤0.05). Conclusions: As these results indicate age-related differences in the assessed determinants of success for judo competition performance, they may have practical importance and should be considered in planning the training for male judo athletes of different age classes.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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