D. Radovanović, Nemanja Stanković, N. Ponorac, M. Nurkić, M. Bratić
Background The effects of long-term exercise on steady-state dynamics of antioxidant defence system are not clear yet fully, and there is an evident lack of studies focused on combat sports. This study aimed to evaluate the parameters of oxidative stress in young judokas during four weeks pre-competition training period. Material/Methods: Changes of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, carbonyl and sulphydryl groups, and total antioxidant status) were studied during four week pre-competition training period on a sample consisting of 10 male judokas (age 20±1.3 years, sport experience 11±3.4 years). Results: The changes in all examined oxidative stress parameters showed no statistical significance. Results also suggested that well-developed anti-oxidant defence, particularly because of the superoxide dismutase activity, kept the amount of oxidized proteins unmodified. The explanation for this finding can be found in the facts that the subjects, although of young age, had a long training and competitive experience with the similar training programs and that they did not undergo rapid weight reduction. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that four week pre-competition training period pattern had no effects on oxidative stress parameters in well-trained young judokas, and that natural antioxidant defences of the body responded adequately to complex training program.
{"title":"Oxidative stress in young judokas: Effects of four week pre-competition training period","authors":"D. Radovanović, Nemanja Stanković, N. Ponorac, M. Nurkić, M. Bratić","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883328","url":null,"abstract":"Background The effects of long-term exercise on steady-state dynamics of antioxidant defence system are not clear yet fully, and there is an evident lack of studies focused on combat sports. This study aimed to evaluate the parameters of oxidative stress in young judokas during four weeks pre-competition training period. Material/Methods: Changes of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, carbonyl and sulphydryl groups, and total antioxidant status) were studied during four week pre-competition training period on a sample consisting of 10 male judokas (age 20±1.3 years, sport experience 11±3.4 years). Results: The changes in all examined oxidative stress parameters showed no statistical significance. Results also suggested that well-developed anti-oxidant defence, particularly because of the superoxide dismutase activity, kept the amount of oxidized proteins unmodified. The explanation for this finding can be found in the facts that the subjects, although of young age, had a long training and competitive experience with the similar training programs and that they did not undergo rapid weight reduction. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that four week pre-competition training period pattern had no effects on oxidative stress parameters in well-trained young judokas, and that natural antioxidant defences of the body responded adequately to complex training program.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sadowski, D. Gierczuk, Jerzy Miller, I. Cieśliński
Background The aim of the study was to identify selected success factors of elite Olympic taekwondo competitors in the context of medals that they have or have not won during Polish Senior Championships (PSCs). Material/Methods: Sixty-four elite male taekwondo competitors took part in the study. The competitors were divided into two groups on the basis of their achievements: PSC medallists and non-medallists. Factors determining sports success were modelled with the use of a general linear model (GLM). The procedure lasted until the minimum of the quality criterion, i.e., the Akaike information criterion (AIC), was reached. Results: Successful competitors (medallists) demonstrated significantly better technique, conditioning and flexibility parameters. Technical skills (e.g., strikes and side and roundhouse kicks), speed, dynamic strength and endurance were the factors that contributed to the achievement of excellent results in taekwondo. Conclusions: The research results revealed groups of success factors in taekwondo at a national level. Variables concerning kicks exerted the greatest influence on point scores (360° dollyo chagi montong – 41% and dollyo chagi – 31%).
{"title":"Success factors in elite WTF taekwondo competitors","authors":"J. Sadowski, D. Gierczuk, Jerzy Miller, I. Cieśliński","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883279","url":null,"abstract":"Background The aim of the study was to identify selected success factors of elite Olympic taekwondo competitors in the context of medals that they have or have not won during Polish Senior Championships (PSCs). Material/Methods: Sixty-four elite male taekwondo competitors took part in the study. The competitors were divided into two groups on the basis of their achievements: PSC medallists and non-medallists. Factors determining sports success were modelled with the use of a general linear model (GLM). The procedure lasted until the minimum of the quality criterion, i.e., the Akaike information criterion (AIC), was reached. Results: Successful competitors (medallists) demonstrated significantly better technique, conditioning and flexibility parameters. Technical skills (e.g., strikes and side and roundhouse kicks), speed, dynamic strength and endurance were the factors that contributed to the achievement of excellent results in taekwondo. Conclusions: The research results revealed groups of success factors in taekwondo at a national level. Variables concerning kicks exerted the greatest influence on point scores (360° dollyo chagi montong – 41% and dollyo chagi – 31%).","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The main aim of the paper is the application of the test as an exemplification of an infinite number of empirical systems, which can be created by individual researchers, physiotherapists or health-related trainers. The study aims at providing the answer to the question whether health-related training based on the exercises of safe falling and avoiding collisions significantly improves flexibility of young men. Material/Methods: Author’s non-apparatus flexibility test. Assessment of flexibility is based on raw result, which is interpreting in general (six grade scale), relatively accurate (ten grade scale) and is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 the raw result rate. 5 young males, aged between 20 and 23 years were measured before and after 65 and 91 minutes of training Results: The significant improvement (between 0.6 and 1.9) has been observed in 60% cases. Participants, who revealed very high and high level of flexibility before the training, have not been prone to the stimulus enhancing their flexibility, even though in physiological terms the indicators prove high stimulation of the organism. The effort of both participants has been performed with high intensity (76% and 78% HRmax). Conclusions: The applied test meets the criteria of the reliable tool for measuring flexibility in every condition, in the safe way and adopted specific assessment criteria are sufficient in the professional diagnostic. The test can be used independently by people of all ages, including blind.
{"title":"Applying non-apparatus and quasi-apparatus tests in a widely understood concept of health promotion – an example of flexibility measurement and assessment","authors":"R. Kalina","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883238","url":null,"abstract":"Background The main aim of the paper is the application of the test as an exemplification of an infinite number of empirical systems, which can be created by individual researchers, physiotherapists or health-related trainers. The study aims at providing the answer to the question whether health-related training based on the exercises of safe falling and avoiding collisions significantly improves flexibility of young men. Material/Methods: Author’s non-apparatus flexibility test. Assessment of flexibility is based on raw result, which is interpreting in general (six grade scale), relatively accurate (ten grade scale) and is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 the raw result rate. 5 young males, aged between 20 and 23 years were measured before and after 65 and 91 minutes of training Results: The significant improvement (between 0.6 and 1.9) has been observed in 60% cases. Participants, who revealed very high and high level of flexibility before the training, have not been prone to the stimulus enhancing their flexibility, even though in physiological terms the indicators prove high stimulation of the organism. The effort of both participants has been performed with high intensity (76% and 78% HRmax). Conclusions: The applied test meets the criteria of the reliable tool for measuring flexibility in every condition, in the safe way and adopted specific assessment criteria are sufficient in the professional diagnostic. The test can be used independently by people of all ages, including blind.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postural balance control ability of visually impaired and unimpaired judoists","authors":"R. Almansba, K. Sterkowicz-Przybycień, S. Sterkowicz, D. Mahdad, Paul Boucher, M. Calmet, A. Comtois","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883365","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThisresearchproposalaimstoevaluatetheposturalbalancecontrolabilityofvisuallyimpairedandunimpaired� judoistsamongdifferentsensoryconditions�(eyesopenorclosed)�usingasimplefieldtest. �:� Atotalof�38�volunteersmenaged�28.7±6.8�yearsassignedintothreegroups,�10�visuallyimpairedjudoistsofworld- level,�14�visuallyunimpairedjudoistsofnationalleveland�14�non-athleteswithouthealthdisorderwerechosenas� thecontrolgroup.�TheyperformedinrandomizedtrialstheUnipedalStanceTestthreetimessuccessivelyinboth� sensoryconditions,�eyesopenorclosed.�ThemeanandthebestUnipedalStanceTestscoreofthe�3�trailswerere- cordedforeachpatient. � Results:� TheUnipedalStanceTestresultsobtainedwitheyesopenwerebetterthanthoseforeyesclosedasexpected.�The� bestvaluesforeyesopenandclosedwere:�45�vs.�30.5�sec,�45�vs.�26.5�secand�45�vs.�11.3�secforvisuallyunim- pairedjudoist,�visuallyunimpairedjudoistsandnon-athletes,�respectively.�BetterUnipedalStanceTestscorewith� closedeyeswasrecordedforbothjudoistsgroupscomparedtonon-athletes. � Conclusions:� Ourfindingcouldsuggestthattheregularpracticeofspecificjudotrainingimprovesignificantlythepropriocep- tivesystemofvisuallyimpairedpersons","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physiological and kinanthropometrical parameters of an elite climber. Single case study","authors":"G. Mejuto, J. Calleja-González, J. Lekue, X. Leibar, R. Gárate, J. Emparanza, Julen Erauzkin, M. Beldarrain, N. Terrados","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883381","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundExtremealtitudeclimbingeffectshavebeendescribedinseveralstudies.�Usuallythesestudiesarecarriedoutonex- peditionsbutnotlongitudinally.�Theaimofthisstudyistodescribephysiologicalandkinanthropometricalchang- esoverthetimeinatop-levelclimber. �:� Thisisasingle-subjectstudyonanindividualcareerpart�(fromages�27�to�41).�Somephysiologicalandkinanthro- pometricalparameterswereanalysedin�3�differentseasonpartsatsealevel;�before�(PRE),�after�(POST)�andoff� climbingexpeditions�(OFF).�Allexpeditionswere�>7000�m. � Results:� Nochangeswerefoundinphysiologicalparametersduringtheperiodofstudyregardingtoseasonpart.� Kinanthropometryincontrast,� presentedsignificantchanges� (P<0.01)� intwoskinfolds� (PRE/OFFvs.� POST),� whereas�∑�ofSFshoweddifferencesbetween�(PREvs.�OFF).�Resultsalsoindicatesomesignificantcorrelations� (P<0.05)�betweenbothkinanthropometricalandphysiologicalvariablesandtheparticipantagingprocess. � Conclusions:� Thehighfitnessleveloftheparticipantcombinedwithhisgiftforacclimatizationandabroadclimbingcareer,� maintainphysiologicalandkinanthropometricalstabilityduringtheanalysedperiodevenafterrepeatedexposure� toextremealtitudes.�However,�agingprocessappearstobeinvolvedinmaximalexercisecardiovascularcapacity� decline.�Surprisingly,�kinanthropometricalvariablessuchasweight,�BMIandfatpercentageshowedlowervalues� throughthetimeattributableprobablytoahighphysicalactivity.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The main objective of the article is a methodic of the profile of the sense of positive health and survival abilities indices in relation “patient (client) personal trainer (leader)”. The objective of empiric sphere was the profile based on subjective assessment of young women possessing different level of everyday physical activity. The question is whether there is a significant difference in the profile of sense of positive health indices in all its dimensions and own survival abilities between young women who declare engagement in everyday physical activity and their peers, who are occasionally active? Material/Methods: The profile based on the subjective sense of various positive health indices covers three dimensions: somatic A, mental B, social C and D dimension, which represents sense of indices and assessment reflecting individual’s survival abilities. The sense of intensity of particular indices is evaluated in the 1 to 5 scale (where its value is as follows: 1 very low, 2 low, 3 average, 4 high, 5 very high). The “0” index is used for the purpose of evaluation of specific abilities (D dimension). The arithmetic mean of indices (after decomposition to diagnostic values) calculated for particular dimensions (from A to D) constitutes a general measure of a given health dimension and survival abilities. The arithmetic mean calculated for A to D indices represents the most general index of Sense of Positive Health and Survival Abilities (SPHSA). The study group consisted of 23-year old female students of the 2-cycle university program in physiotherapy, (22 declared engagement in everyday physical activity whereas 100 were occasionally active). Results: Women who reported engagement in everyday physical activity possess higher values of SPHSA than their peers, who are occasionally active (respectively 3.641 and 3.479; p<0.05). The highest value was recorded for social health sense (4.12 and 4.14), whereas the lowest value was noted for the survival abilities (2.956 and 2.828). Students who are active on daily basis possess statistically higher values than women who occasionally engage in physical activity as far as the following indices are concerned: muscular strength (p<0.01) and aerobic capacity, reduced aggressiveness, swimming ability, precision skills in various status of organism (p<0.05). Conclusions: From the methodological point of view the assumption that the profile indices do not directly reflect the sense of health but rather the imaginative value of a specific virtue, ability etc. proved positive. Diversification of assessment is higher in the case of indices, for which the reliability of an individual’s assessment is considered to be relatively high (especially in the A, B and D dimensions).
{"title":"The profile of Sense of Positive Health and Survival Abilities indices (subjective assessment) as a diagnostic tool used in health-related training","authors":"R. Kalina","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883491","url":null,"abstract":"Background The main objective of the article is a methodic of the profile of the sense of positive health and survival abilities indices in relation “patient (client) personal trainer (leader)”. The objective of empiric sphere was the profile based on subjective assessment of young women possessing different level of everyday physical activity. The question is whether there is a significant difference in the profile of sense of positive health indices in all its dimensions and own survival abilities between young women who declare engagement in everyday physical activity and their peers, who are occasionally active? Material/Methods: The profile based on the subjective sense of various positive health indices covers three dimensions: somatic A, mental B, social C and D dimension, which represents sense of indices and assessment reflecting individual’s survival abilities. The sense of intensity of particular indices is evaluated in the 1 to 5 scale (where its value is as follows: 1 very low, 2 low, 3 average, 4 high, 5 very high). The “0” index is used for the purpose of evaluation of specific abilities (D dimension). The arithmetic mean of indices (after decomposition to diagnostic values) calculated for particular dimensions (from A to D) constitutes a general measure of a given health dimension and survival abilities. The arithmetic mean calculated for A to D indices represents the most general index of Sense of Positive Health and Survival Abilities (SPHSA). The study group consisted of 23-year old female students of the 2-cycle university program in physiotherapy, (22 declared engagement in everyday physical activity whereas 100 were occasionally active). Results: Women who reported engagement in everyday physical activity possess higher values of SPHSA than their peers, who are occasionally active (respectively 3.641 and 3.479; p<0.05). The highest value was recorded for social health sense (4.12 and 4.14), whereas the lowest value was noted for the survival abilities (2.956 and 2.828). Students who are active on daily basis possess statistically higher values than women who occasionally engage in physical activity as far as the following indices are concerned: muscular strength (p<0.01) and aerobic capacity, reduced aggressiveness, swimming ability, precision skills in various status of organism (p<0.05). Conclusions: From the methodological point of view the assumption that the profile indices do not directly reflect the sense of health but rather the imaginative value of a specific virtue, ability etc. proved positive. Diversification of assessment is higher in the case of indices, for which the reliability of an individual’s assessment is considered to be relatively high (especially in the A, B and D dimensions).","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66214103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability in kimono grip strength tests and comparison between elite and non-elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu players","authors":"B. V. Silva, M. M. Júnior, M. A. M. Simim, Fernando Nazário de Rezende, E. Franchini, G. Mota","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883023","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThegripstrengthenduranceisimportantforBrazilianJiu-Jitsu�(BJJ).�Thus,�theaimsofthisstudywere:�a)�totest� thereliabilityoftwokimonogripstrengthtestsnamedmaximumstaticlift�(MSL)�andmaximumnumberofrep- etitions�(MNR)�andb)�toexaminedifferencesbetweeneliteandnon-eliteBJJplayersinthesetests. �:� ThirtyBJJplayersparticipatedintotwophases:�\"A\"�totestreliabilityand�\"B\"�tocompareeliteandnon-elite.�In� phaseA,�twentyparticipantsperformedtheMSLand,�15�minlater,�theMNRintwooccasionswith�24-hinter- val.�InphaseB,�tenotherBJJpractitioners�(non-elite)�andtenathletes�(elite)�performedthesametests.�Thein- traclasscorrelationcoefficient�(ICC)�twowayfixedmodel�(3,1),�Bland-Altmanplotandthelimitsofagreement� wereusedtotestreliability,�correlationbetweenthetestswereevaluatedbyPearsoncorrelationsandindependent� Ttest�(P<0.05)�wasutilizedtocompareelitevs. non-elite. � Results:� TheICCwashighforrepeatedmeasurementsondifferentdaysofphaseA�(MSL:�r=0.99�andMNR:�r=0.97).� Limitsofagreementfortimeofsuspensionwere�-6.9�to�2.4-s,�withameandifferenceof�-2.3�s�(CI:�-3.3�to�-1.2-s),� whilefornumberofrepetitionsthelimitsofagreementwere�-2.9�to�2.3-rep,�withameandifferenceof�-0.3-rep� (CI:�-0.9�to�0.3-rep).�InphaseB,�elitepresentedbetterperformanceforbothtests�(P<0.05)�comparedtonon- elite�(56±10-svs. 37±11-sinMSLand�15±4-repvs. 8±3-repinMNR).�Moderatecorrelationwerefoundbetween� MSLandMNRforabsolutevaluesduringtest�(r=0.475;�p=0.034),�andretestphases�(r=0.489;�p=0.029),�while� moderateandhighcorrelationsinthetest�(r=0.615;�p=0.004)�andretestphases�(r=0.716;�p=0.001)�werefound� forrelativevalues,�respectively. � Conclusions:� Theseproposedtestsarereliableandbothstaticanddynamicgripstrengthendurancetestsseemtodifferentiate�","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Witkowski, Jaroslaw Maslinski, T. Stefaniak, Irena Wieczorek
Background The health aspect of physical activity is not often referred to “effort safety” and “motor safety” of those engaged in this type of activity. The benefits of systematic training to humans are stressed instead. Yet even people for whom sport is a leisure activity often put in extreme physical effort. The aim of the paper is to expand the knowledge of the causes and locations of injuries in young female judokas. Material/Methods: We studied 30 females (14 juniors and 16 seniors) who were leading Polish judokas of various weight categories with medals from Polish Judo Championships and were aged 17–26 (average age was 20.9 years). On average, they had been training for 11 years. The study was based on our own questionnaire with 60 semi-open and closed questions. The questions concerned the personal characteristics of each athlete, including age, gender, weight, training experience, sports class as well as detailed information concerning factors that were the causes of each injury, according to the respondents. Detailed questions also dealt with the type and location of injuries as well as various aspects of judo training. In our statistical analysis we used a proportional ratio (in %), while the calculation of some empirical data (considered as variables and hypothetically interacting with each other) were based on the c2 test. Results: Most injuries in young female judokas occur during periods of the most intense training activity. These are usually heavy injuries that exclude the injured person from training for more than 4 weeks. Light injuries in judo occur less often than moderate injuries. Injuries in judo are caused by aggressive fighting which, however, does not determine their seriousness. Aggressive behaviour was observed in all groups of judokas with light, moderate and heavy injuries. Conclusions: An injury during a judo fight is a complex, multi-factor phenomenon. Coaches should carefully analyse training and competition fights of all judokas in order to individually influence the events that may lead to even light injuries.
{"title":"Causes of injuries in young female judokas","authors":"K. Witkowski, Jaroslaw Maslinski, T. Stefaniak, Irena Wieczorek","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883027","url":null,"abstract":"Background The health aspect of physical activity is not often referred to “effort safety” and “motor safety” of those engaged in this type of activity. The benefits of systematic training to humans are stressed instead. Yet even people for whom sport is a leisure activity often put in extreme physical effort. The aim of the paper is to expand the knowledge of the causes and locations of injuries in young female judokas. Material/Methods: We studied 30 females (14 juniors and 16 seniors) who were leading Polish judokas of various weight categories with medals from Polish Judo Championships and were aged 17–26 (average age was 20.9 years). On average, they had been training for 11 years. The study was based on our own questionnaire with 60 semi-open and closed questions. The questions concerned the personal characteristics of each athlete, including age, gender, weight, training experience, sports class as well as detailed information concerning factors that were the causes of each injury, according to the respondents. Detailed questions also dealt with the type and location of injuries as well as various aspects of judo training. In our statistical analysis we used a proportional ratio (in %), while the calculation of some empirical data (considered as variables and hypothetically interacting with each other) were based on the c2 test. Results: Most injuries in young female judokas occur during periods of the most intense training activity. These are usually heavy injuries that exclude the injured person from training for more than 4 weeks. Light injuries in judo occur less often than moderate injuries. Injuries in judo are caused by aggressive fighting which, however, does not determine their seriousness. Aggressive behaviour was observed in all groups of judokas with light, moderate and heavy injuries. Conclusions: An injury during a judo fight is a complex, multi-factor phenomenon. Coaches should carefully analyse training and competition fights of all judokas in order to individually influence the events that may lead to even light injuries.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interrelation between predisposition to work under different energy modes and individual characteristics of skilled wrestlers' tactical approach","authors":"S. Sawczyn, W. Jagiełło, Valentin I. Fetisov, V. Mishchenko","doi":"10.12659/AOB.882755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.882755","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundItisknownthatathleteshavedifferentdevelopmentlevelsofindividualaspectsofenergycapacity.�Thisisdeter- minedtoagreatextentbytheunique,�innatephysiologyoftheindividual.�Therefore,�thesedifferencesmayinflu- enceawrestler'sindividualinclinationstoaspecificmannerofactionduringcompetition.�Theobjectiveofthis� studywastorevealtherelationbetweenindividualpredispositiontoworkunderdifferentenergymodesasindi- catedbyparticularaspectsofspecializedphysicalfitnessandthetacticalapproachoffree-stylewrestlers. �:� Theparticipantsofthestudyincluded�31�free-stylewrestlers,�aged�19-26,�andweighting�63-89�kg,�ofanational� orinternationallevel,�with�5-13�yearsofcompetitivewrestlingexperience.�Wrestlersperformedthreetypesofer- gometrictests:�anaerobicalactate�(10�s),�anaerobiclactate�(30�s)�andaerobicpowerestimation�(VO 2 �max).�Tactical� approach,�indicesofwrestlingtestsandsomeindicesofspecialphysicalfitnessweredetermined. � Results:� Asignificantrangeofindividualcapacitiesofanaerobicalactate,�lactateandaerobicsystemsofworkenergysup- plyweredemonstratedinahomogeneousgroupofskilledwrestlers.�Threegroupsofwrestlersweresingledoutac- cordingtocriterionofexpressedpowerdevelopmentofoneoftheaforementionedworkenergysupplyaspects.� Relativeindependenceofvariousaspectsofenergycapacitydevelopmentlevelindiceswasnotedamongthegroups.� Theywererelatedtothespecificactivityofwrestlersduringmatches�(characteristicsofattackandvolumeoftech- nicalactions),�tacticalapproach�(technical,�functionalandspeed-strength)�andcharacteristicsofspecificphysical� fitnesstests. � Conclusions:� Thus,�arelationshipexistsbetweentheprevalenceofoneoranotheraspectofenergycapacityinawrestler,�asin- dicatedbycertaincharacteristicsofspecificfitnessandthewrestler'stacticalapproach.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The objective of the study was to find out the Trend of the effects of four varieties of dynamic yogic breathing call as Bhastrika Pranayama on physical efficiency measured by Harward Step Test. The study was design to find out significant difference between measures of performance (Physical Efficiency Index) for four treatments (four verities of Bhastrika pranayama). Also to find out interaction between particular trials and treatments (linear, quadratic & cubic component for overall trend). Material/Methods: Total of 40 students were selected as subjects. Age of the Subjects was ranged from 17 to 25 years. All the subjects were divided randomly in to four groups i.e. 10 in each group. Practice of Bhastrika Pranayama was considered as Independent variables and Physical Efficiency Index was considered as dependent variables. To find out the trend of the effects of four varieties of Bhastrika Pranayama on Physical Efficiency Index, trend analysis with multiple treatments was used at 0.05 level of Significance. Results: Insignificant difference was found between measures of performance for treatments (significant trend for treatments), between trials and treatments interaction and between cubic component for overall trends (all p>0.05). Significant difference (p<0.05) was found between measures of performance for treatments (significant trend for trials), also between linear component for overall trends (p<0.05) and between quadratic component for overall trends. Conclusions: Study revealed that all the four varieties of Bhastrika Pranayama practices proved to be equal in bringing out change in Physical Efficiency Index.
{"title":"Trend of the effects of four varieties of yoga bhastrika pranayama on physical efficiency index","authors":"R. Choudhary, Lesław Kulmatycki, T. Meena","doi":"10.12659/AOB.883235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12659/AOB.883235","url":null,"abstract":"Background The objective of the study was to find out the Trend of the effects of four varieties of dynamic yogic breathing call as Bhastrika Pranayama on physical efficiency measured by Harward Step Test. The study was design to find out significant difference between measures of performance (Physical Efficiency Index) for four treatments (four verities of Bhastrika pranayama). Also to find out interaction between particular trials and treatments (linear, quadratic & cubic component for overall trend). Material/Methods: Total of 40 students were selected as subjects. Age of the Subjects was ranged from 17 to 25 years. All the subjects were divided randomly in to four groups i.e. 10 in each group. Practice of Bhastrika Pranayama was considered as Independent variables and Physical Efficiency Index was considered as dependent variables. To find out the trend of the effects of four varieties of Bhastrika Pranayama on Physical Efficiency Index, trend analysis with multiple treatments was used at 0.05 level of Significance. Results: Insignificant difference was found between measures of performance for treatments (significant trend for treatments), between trials and treatments interaction and between cubic component for overall trends (all p>0.05). Significant difference (p<0.05) was found between measures of performance for treatments (significant trend for trials), also between linear component for overall trends (p<0.05) and between quadratic component for overall trends. Conclusions: Study revealed that all the four varieties of Bhastrika Pranayama practices proved to be equal in bringing out change in Physical Efficiency Index.","PeriodicalId":55475,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Budo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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