Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra4
Philippe Fontanilles, Ismaël Boulicot, Jules Chiffard-Carricaburu
Summary. The Red-billed Chough, a species of conservation priority in Europe, is threatened by habitat encroachment, decline of pastoralism, heavy use of pesticides and disturbance by recreational activities. Its future greatly depends on the quality of its remaining habitat, particularly in mountains where no previous study has explored the effects of climate and snow condition on its populations. In the Gavarnie special protection area (9,300ha, Pyrenees National Park), a highly mountainous open landscape mainly covered by grassland, alpine moorland, screes and rocks, we compared the reproductive success of Red-billed Choughs during two very contrasted years, 2013 and 2014, in terms of snow phenology in spring. We also evaluated foraging habitat selection during the young rearing period. Habitat selection was estimated by modelling the probability, for 50 × 50 m2 spatial units sampled in the study area, of being observed to be used by choughs for foraging. Breeding success was much lower during the year with prolonged spring snow cover, especially at higher elevation: 11 breeding pairs were present, compared to 22 pairs during the following year when snow cover phenology was more typical. Nesting phenology was delayed by ten days in the year with prolonged snow cover. Variables that positively influenced the probability for choughs to use spatial units as feeding areas were mostly linked with the presence of low vegetation (herbaceous or mixed scrub and grassland areas, grazed areas), and the absence of snow (time of snow cover during study period, exposure to solar radiation, presence of wetlands). We suggest that snow cover at the end of the cold season can create a spatial mismatch between customary chough nest locations at high elevations and areas suitable for foraging. The consequence is a scarcity of nesting attempts and low breeding success in the mountainous areas during years with prolonged and high altitude snow cover in spring. We also use these results to suggest the potential for this species to be used as an indicator for the effects of changes in climate and pasture grazing practices.—Fontanilles, P., Boulicot, I. & Chiffard-Carricaburu, J. (2022). Negative effects of snow cover on foraging habitat selection and breeding success in the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. Ardeola, 69: 59-74.
{"title":"Negative Effects of Snow Cover on Foraging Habitat Selection and Breeding Success in the Red-Billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax","authors":"Philippe Fontanilles, Ismaël Boulicot, Jules Chiffard-Carricaburu","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra4","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The Red-billed Chough, a species of conservation priority in Europe, is threatened by habitat encroachment, decline of pastoralism, heavy use of pesticides and disturbance by recreational activities. Its future greatly depends on the quality of its remaining habitat, particularly in mountains where no previous study has explored the effects of climate and snow condition on its populations. In the Gavarnie special protection area (9,300ha, Pyrenees National Park), a highly mountainous open landscape mainly covered by grassland, alpine moorland, screes and rocks, we compared the reproductive success of Red-billed Choughs during two very contrasted years, 2013 and 2014, in terms of snow phenology in spring. We also evaluated foraging habitat selection during the young rearing period. Habitat selection was estimated by modelling the probability, for 50 × 50 m2 spatial units sampled in the study area, of being observed to be used by choughs for foraging. Breeding success was much lower during the year with prolonged spring snow cover, especially at higher elevation: 11 breeding pairs were present, compared to 22 pairs during the following year when snow cover phenology was more typical. Nesting phenology was delayed by ten days in the year with prolonged snow cover. Variables that positively influenced the probability for choughs to use spatial units as feeding areas were mostly linked with the presence of low vegetation (herbaceous or mixed scrub and grassland areas, grazed areas), and the absence of snow (time of snow cover during study period, exposure to solar radiation, presence of wetlands). We suggest that snow cover at the end of the cold season can create a spatial mismatch between customary chough nest locations at high elevations and areas suitable for foraging. The consequence is a scarcity of nesting attempts and low breeding success in the mountainous areas during years with prolonged and high altitude snow cover in spring. We also use these results to suggest the potential for this species to be used as an indicator for the effects of changes in climate and pasture grazing practices.—Fontanilles, P., Boulicot, I. & Chiffard-Carricaburu, J. (2022). Negative effects of snow cover on foraging habitat selection and breeding success in the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. Ardeola, 69: 59-74.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89834827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra5
S. Karunarathna, S. Dayananda, D. Gabadage, M. Botejue, M. Madawala, Indika Peabotuwage, B. Madurapperuma, M. Ranagalage, Asanka Udayakumara, Thilina D. Surasinghe
Summary. Ecological responses of nocturnal predatory birds to forest cover and other geospatial predictors vary both geographically and taxonomically. Considerable knowledge gaps exist regarding the habitat associations of the Sri Lanka Frogmouth, a nocturnal bird restricted to Sri Lanka and the Indian Western Ghats. Via a 20-year island-wide survey, we searched for frogmouths in Sri Lanka to determine their habitat associations at both local and landscape scales and developed a habitat suitability model (HSM) to predict both current and future distribution. We confirmed frogmouth presence in 18% of the surveyed sites across all major bioclimatic zones (wet, intermediate, dry, and arid) from lower elevations (11-767m), comprising a broad geographic range. Frogmouth presence was mostly limited to forests (90%) with a few sites in agricultural mosaics. Land protection, altitude and both local and landscape-scale forest cover, as well as forest-cover loss at both spatial scales, were strong predictors of frogmouth presence. According to our HSM, the southwestern lowlands and parts of the intermediate zone contained the most suitable areas for frogmouths despite their smaller extent. Although the dry and intermediate zones contained extensive habitats for frogmouth, these regions were relatively less suitable. The habitat associations and geographic range of this species in Sri Lanka differ from that seen in India through negative associations with altitude and absence from montane zones, absence from degraded or severely disturbed habitats and independence from proximity to waterways. The Sri Lanka Frogmouth is sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances, including historical forest losses. We recommend landscape-scale conservation planning that incorporates both primary and mature persistent secondary forests to ensure the protection of this unique iconic species.—Karunarathna, S., Dayananda, S.K., Gabadage, D., Botejue, M., Madawala, M., Peabotuwage, I., Madurapperuma, B.D., Ranagalage, M., Udayakumara, A. & Surasinghe, T.D. (2022). Distribution, habitat associations and conservation status of the Sri Lanka Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger. Ardeola, 69: 75-95.
{"title":"Distribution, Habitat Associations and Conservation Status of the Sri Lanka Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger","authors":"S. Karunarathna, S. Dayananda, D. Gabadage, M. Botejue, M. Madawala, Indika Peabotuwage, B. Madurapperuma, M. Ranagalage, Asanka Udayakumara, Thilina D. Surasinghe","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra5","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Ecological responses of nocturnal predatory birds to forest cover and other geospatial predictors vary both geographically and taxonomically. Considerable knowledge gaps exist regarding the habitat associations of the Sri Lanka Frogmouth, a nocturnal bird restricted to Sri Lanka and the Indian Western Ghats. Via a 20-year island-wide survey, we searched for frogmouths in Sri Lanka to determine their habitat associations at both local and landscape scales and developed a habitat suitability model (HSM) to predict both current and future distribution. We confirmed frogmouth presence in 18% of the surveyed sites across all major bioclimatic zones (wet, intermediate, dry, and arid) from lower elevations (11-767m), comprising a broad geographic range. Frogmouth presence was mostly limited to forests (90%) with a few sites in agricultural mosaics. Land protection, altitude and both local and landscape-scale forest cover, as well as forest-cover loss at both spatial scales, were strong predictors of frogmouth presence. According to our HSM, the southwestern lowlands and parts of the intermediate zone contained the most suitable areas for frogmouths despite their smaller extent. Although the dry and intermediate zones contained extensive habitats for frogmouth, these regions were relatively less suitable. The habitat associations and geographic range of this species in Sri Lanka differ from that seen in India through negative associations with altitude and absence from montane zones, absence from degraded or severely disturbed habitats and independence from proximity to waterways. The Sri Lanka Frogmouth is sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances, including historical forest losses. We recommend landscape-scale conservation planning that incorporates both primary and mature persistent secondary forests to ensure the protection of this unique iconic species.—Karunarathna, S., Dayananda, S.K., Gabadage, D., Botejue, M., Madawala, M., Peabotuwage, I., Madurapperuma, B.D., Ranagalage, M., Udayakumara, A. & Surasinghe, T.D. (2022). Distribution, habitat associations and conservation status of the Sri Lanka Frogmouth Batrachostomus moniliger. Ardeola, 69: 75-95.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86346194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra3
Camille Mermillon, Susanne Jähnig, M. Sander, Riccardo Alba, Domenico Rosselli, D. Chamberlain
Summary. Mountains support high biodiversity, often including endemic and vulnerable species, but they are also particularly sensitive to climate change. Whilst studies on mountain biodiversity at the species level are common, studies that consider whole assemblages are scarce. We assessed how an alpine bird assemblage varied in terms of ecological habitat niche by surveying birds and habitat at point count sites placed along elevational gradients (1,700-3,000m) in the Western Italian Alps. Niche breadth, as measured by habitat use, increased along the gradient, suggesting that being more generalist is an advantage in terms of survival at high elevation. Niche position also increased with elevation, which means that species occurring at higher elevations use habitats that are atypical with respect to the average species in the assemblage. Both niche breadth and position were negatively associated with habitat diversity, but these relationships were mainly driven by species occurring at elevations above 2,500m, suggesting that high alpine specialists show a different pattern from the other species of the assemblage. Our results therefore generally supported the idea that a wider niche breadth is useful in harsh environments, such as high mountains, enabling the exploitation of a wider range of resources. The broader niche of many high elevation species may therefore indicate some degree of resilience to environmental change, as long as key habitat types are maintained.—Mermillon, C., Jähnig, S., Sander, M.M., Alba, R., Rosselli, D. & Chamberlain, D. (2022). Variations in niche breadth and position of alpine birds along elevation gradients in the European Alps.
{"title":"Variations in Niche Breadth and Position of Alpine Birds along Elevation Gradients in the European Alps","authors":"Camille Mermillon, Susanne Jähnig, M. Sander, Riccardo Alba, Domenico Rosselli, D. Chamberlain","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra3","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Mountains support high biodiversity, often including endemic and vulnerable species, but they are also particularly sensitive to climate change. Whilst studies on mountain biodiversity at the species level are common, studies that consider whole assemblages are scarce. We assessed how an alpine bird assemblage varied in terms of ecological habitat niche by surveying birds and habitat at point count sites placed along elevational gradients (1,700-3,000m) in the Western Italian Alps. Niche breadth, as measured by habitat use, increased along the gradient, suggesting that being more generalist is an advantage in terms of survival at high elevation. Niche position also increased with elevation, which means that species occurring at higher elevations use habitats that are atypical with respect to the average species in the assemblage. Both niche breadth and position were negatively associated with habitat diversity, but these relationships were mainly driven by species occurring at elevations above 2,500m, suggesting that high alpine specialists show a different pattern from the other species of the assemblage. Our results therefore generally supported the idea that a wider niche breadth is useful in harsh environments, such as high mountains, enabling the exploitation of a wider range of resources. The broader niche of many high elevation species may therefore indicate some degree of resilience to environmental change, as long as key habitat types are maintained.—Mermillon, C., Jähnig, S., Sander, M.M., Alba, R., Rosselli, D. & Chamberlain, D. (2022). Variations in niche breadth and position of alpine birds along elevation gradients in the European Alps.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75451036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.sc1
B. Rodríguez, F. Siverio, Y. Acosta, Airam Rodríguez
Summary. Procellariiformes are one of the most threatened groups of birds of the world so knowledge of nesting habitat and factors affecting breeding rates are vital issues for their conservation. Although Cory's Shearwater Calonectris borealis is a well-studied seabird species on the whole, information on the relationship between its breeding parameters and nest site characteristics is quite limited. To address this gap, during 2017-2019, we conducted a study on its breeding performance on Tenerife, the largest and the most densely populated island of the Canarian archipelago. We constructed generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the potential effects of nest features on breeding performance. Two variables explained breeding success: the distance from the nest to the nearest paved road, and the presence of pebbles at the entrance of the nest-burrow, which correlated negatively and positively with breeding success, respectively. The majority of failures occurred during the incubation period. Breeding failures were mainly related to egg abandonment and rat predation upon eggs or chicks. Effective measures mitigating human-instigated disturbance (e.g. control of dogs, rats and feral cat populations, and reducing light pollution), together with studies on factors affecting demographic parameters, are needed to guarantee the long-term conservation of Cory's Shearwater and other seabird species on the main Canary Islands.—Rodríguez, B., Siverio, F., Acosta, Y. & Rodríguez, A. (2022). Breeding success of Cory's Shearwater in relation to nest characteristics and predation by alien mammals. Ardeola, 69: XX-XX.
{"title":"Breeding Success of Cory's Shearwater in Relation to Nest Characteristics and Predation by Alien Mammals","authors":"B. Rodríguez, F. Siverio, Y. Acosta, Airam Rodríguez","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.sc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.sc1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Procellariiformes are one of the most threatened groups of birds of the world so knowledge of nesting habitat and factors affecting breeding rates are vital issues for their conservation. Although Cory's Shearwater Calonectris borealis is a well-studied seabird species on the whole, information on the relationship between its breeding parameters and nest site characteristics is quite limited. To address this gap, during 2017-2019, we conducted a study on its breeding performance on Tenerife, the largest and the most densely populated island of the Canarian archipelago. We constructed generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the potential effects of nest features on breeding performance. Two variables explained breeding success: the distance from the nest to the nearest paved road, and the presence of pebbles at the entrance of the nest-burrow, which correlated negatively and positively with breeding success, respectively. The majority of failures occurred during the incubation period. Breeding failures were mainly related to egg abandonment and rat predation upon eggs or chicks. Effective measures mitigating human-instigated disturbance (e.g. control of dogs, rats and feral cat populations, and reducing light pollution), together with studies on factors affecting demographic parameters, are needed to guarantee the long-term conservation of Cory's Shearwater and other seabird species on the main Canary Islands.—Rodríguez, B., Siverio, F., Acosta, Y. & Rodríguez, A. (2022). Breeding success of Cory's Shearwater in relation to nest characteristics and predation by alien mammals. Ardeola, 69: XX-XX.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84763528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra2
Justine Le Vaillant, J. Potti, C. Camacho, D. Canal, J. Martínez-Padilla
Summary. Individual flexibility in breeding time is essential to respond to unpredictable changes in environmental conditions. Repeatability quantifies the consistency of the expression of phenotypes over time due to differences between individuals. Here, we estimate the repeatability of breeding date (laying date of first egg), hatching date and timing of pre-breeding events in a population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca monitored over three decades in central Spain. We found low repeatabilities of breeding and hatching dates (respectively, R = 0.135 and R = 0) and among-year fluctuations (R = 0.276 and R = 0.218) in the expression of these traits. Repeatabilities of mating dates and of the interval between mating and egg laying were also very low (respectively R = 0.053 and R = 0) and among years (respectively R = 0.218 and R = 0.172), suggesting that Pied Flycatcher females are flexible to adjust their breeding schedule to current breeding conditions. We interpret the low consistency of traits related to breeding phenology as strong support for female phenotypic plasticity in breeding timing and the potential of such traits to respond to changing environmental conditions.—Le Vaillant, J., Potti, J., Camacho, C., Canal, D. & Martínez-Padilla, J. (2022). Low repeatability of breeding events reflects flexibility in reproductive timing in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in Spain. Ardeola, 69: 21-39.
{"title":"Low Repeatability of Breeding Events Reflects Flexibility in Reproductive Timing in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in Spain","authors":"Justine Le Vaillant, J. Potti, C. Camacho, D. Canal, J. Martínez-Padilla","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra2","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Individual flexibility in breeding time is essential to respond to unpredictable changes in environmental conditions. Repeatability quantifies the consistency of the expression of phenotypes over time due to differences between individuals. Here, we estimate the repeatability of breeding date (laying date of first egg), hatching date and timing of pre-breeding events in a population of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca monitored over three decades in central Spain. We found low repeatabilities of breeding and hatching dates (respectively, R = 0.135 and R = 0) and among-year fluctuations (R = 0.276 and R = 0.218) in the expression of these traits. Repeatabilities of mating dates and of the interval between mating and egg laying were also very low (respectively R = 0.053 and R = 0) and among years (respectively R = 0.218 and R = 0.172), suggesting that Pied Flycatcher females are flexible to adjust their breeding schedule to current breeding conditions. We interpret the low consistency of traits related to breeding phenology as strong support for female phenotypic plasticity in breeding timing and the potential of such traits to respond to changing environmental conditions.—Le Vaillant, J., Potti, J., Camacho, C., Canal, D. & Martínez-Padilla, J. (2022). Low repeatability of breeding events reflects flexibility in reproductive timing in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in Spain. Ardeola, 69: 21-39.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77857068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra1
E. Gonzalez, Adrián Jauregui, L. Segura
Summary. Philornis flies exert strong negative selection on avian host life histories. However, their possible influence at the southern limits of parasite distribution remains poorly studied. We collected data on Philornis parasitism (prevalence, parasite load and latency) during three consecutive breeding seasons of the Masked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola, Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus and Blue-and-yellow Tanager Pipraeidea bonariensis in a south temperate forest in Argentina. We hypothesised that Philornis parasitism would negatively influence both the growth and survival of infected nestlings. Regarding body size differences among nestlings of these three host species, we predicted that nestling survival in parasitised nests and parasite load per nestling would be greater the larger the species, and that the number of growth parameters that differ between parasitised and non-parasitised nestlings would be greater the smaller the species. We monitored 564 nests and found prevalence to be 16.7% for the Masked Gnatcatcher, 30.1% for the Vermilion Flycatcher, and 37.9% for the Blue-and-yellow Tanager. Parasitism increased during the season for all three species. As predicted, for the three species, nestling survival was lower in parasitised nests (∼30%) than in non-parasitised nests (∼90%) and for each species, one or more growth parameters were significantly lower for parasitised nestlings compared to non-parasitised nestlings. Our prediction relating to host body size was partially supported since differences in parasite load only emerged in nests that produced fledglings, as well as in the extent of growth parameters affected. This is the first study providing detailed data of Philornis fly parasitism and how this parasite affects the fitness of three bird hosts at the southern limit of the parasite's distribution.—Gonzalez, E., Jauregui, A. & Segura, L.N. (2022). The impacts of parasitic flies (Philornis spp.) on nestlings of three passerines in a southern temperate forest of Argentina. Ardeola, 69: 3-20.
{"title":"The Impacts of Parasitic Flies (Philornis spp.) on Nestlings of Three Passerines in a Southern Temperate Forest of Argentina","authors":"E. Gonzalez, Adrián Jauregui, L. Segura","doi":"10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.69.1.2022.ra1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Philornis flies exert strong negative selection on avian host life histories. However, their possible influence at the southern limits of parasite distribution remains poorly studied. We collected data on Philornis parasitism (prevalence, parasite load and latency) during three consecutive breeding seasons of the Masked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola, Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus and Blue-and-yellow Tanager Pipraeidea bonariensis in a south temperate forest in Argentina. We hypothesised that Philornis parasitism would negatively influence both the growth and survival of infected nestlings. Regarding body size differences among nestlings of these three host species, we predicted that nestling survival in parasitised nests and parasite load per nestling would be greater the larger the species, and that the number of growth parameters that differ between parasitised and non-parasitised nestlings would be greater the smaller the species. We monitored 564 nests and found prevalence to be 16.7% for the Masked Gnatcatcher, 30.1% for the Vermilion Flycatcher, and 37.9% for the Blue-and-yellow Tanager. Parasitism increased during the season for all three species. As predicted, for the three species, nestling survival was lower in parasitised nests (∼30%) than in non-parasitised nests (∼90%) and for each species, one or more growth parameters were significantly lower for parasitised nestlings compared to non-parasitised nestlings. Our prediction relating to host body size was partially supported since differences in parasite load only emerged in nests that produced fledglings, as well as in the extent of growth parameters affected. This is the first study providing detailed data of Philornis fly parasitism and how this parasite affects the fitness of three bird hosts at the southern limit of the parasite's distribution.—Gonzalez, E., Jauregui, A. & Segura, L.N. (2022). The impacts of parasitic flies (Philornis spp.) on nestlings of three passerines in a southern temperate forest of Argentina. Ardeola, 69: 3-20.","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72542113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.13157/arla.61.2.2014.435
B. Molina, J. Prieta, J. Lorenzo, Carlos lópez-jurado
Dos aves en Calaixos de Buda, delta del Ebro, Tarragona, en los censos de aves acuáticas de enero de 2013 (Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre). Dos adultos y un joven, seguramente un grupo familiar en la balsa de Arkaute, humedales de Salburua, Vitoria, Álava, 23 y 24 de noviembre de 2013 (L. Lobo y Servicio de Guardería Anillo Verde). Uno en el Parque Natural de las Marismas de Santoña, Cantabria, el 8 de enero y el 4 de febrero de 2014 (S. Alarcón). ÁNSAR COMÚN Anser anser
2013年1月，塔拉戈纳埃布罗三角洲的Calaixos de Buda有两只鸟参加了水鸟普查（埃布罗三角洲自然公园）。2013年11月23日和24日，两名成年人和一名年轻人，可能是阿尔考特木筏上的一个家庭团体，萨尔布鲁阿、维多利亚、阿拉瓦湿地（L.Lobo和Ringo Verde托儿所）。一个是2014年1月8日和2月4日在坎塔布里亚的桑托尼亚沼泽自然公园（S.阿拉孔）。共同的
{"title":"Noticiario Ornitológico","authors":"B. Molina, J. Prieta, J. Lorenzo, Carlos lópez-jurado","doi":"10.13157/arla.61.2.2014.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.61.2.2014.435","url":null,"abstract":"Dos aves en Calaixos de Buda, delta del Ebro, Tarragona, en los censos de aves acuáticas de enero de 2013 (Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre). Dos adultos y un joven, seguramente un grupo familiar en la balsa de Arkaute, humedales de Salburua, Vitoria, Álava, 23 y 24 de noviembre de 2013 (L. Lobo y Servicio de Guardería Anillo Verde). Uno en el Parque Natural de las Marismas de Santoña, Cantabria, el 8 de enero y el 4 de febrero de 2014 (S. Alarcón). ÁNSAR COMÚN Anser anser","PeriodicalId":55571,"journal":{"name":"Ardeola-International Journal of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13157/arla.61.2.2014.435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.13157/arla.68.2.2021.sc2
Pablo Núñez, M. Méndez, I. López-Rull
Smell plays an important role in the sensory ecology of birds. Although birds are considered to rely mainly on sight and hearing, use of smell in the reproduction, communication and foraging behaviours of many birds has been documented. However, there is very little information about the role of smell in foraging by nectarivorous birds. We tested the ability of the Amazilia Hummingbird Amazilia amazilia s. l. to use olfactory signals during foraging. Individuals were exposed to two feeders, one of which emitted a floral essence. Contrary to our expectations, no significant differences were found in the choice of feeders based on their odour. Our results suggest that neither male nor female Amazilia Hummingbirds use smell in the search for food but employ other senses, mainly sight. —Nunez, P., Mendez, M. & Lopez-Rull, I. (2021). Can foraging hummingbirds use smell? A test with the Amazilia Hummingbird Amazila amazilia. Ardeola, 68: 433-444.
嗅觉在鸟类的感觉生态中起着重要的作用。尽管人们认为鸟类主要依靠视觉和听觉，但许多鸟类在繁殖、交流和觅食行为中也利用嗅觉。然而，关于嗅觉在食蚁兽觅食中的作用的信息却很少。我们测试了Amazilia Amazilia s.l.在觅食过程中使用嗅觉信号的能力。个体暴露在两个喂食器中，其中一个发出花的精华。与我们的预期相反，在根据气味选择喂食者方面没有发现显着差异。我们的研究结果表明，雄性和雌性Amazilia蜂鸟在寻找食物时都不使用嗅觉，而是使用其他感官，主要是视觉。-Nunez, P.， Mendez, M. & Lopez-Rull, I.(2021)。觅食的蜂鸟能用嗅觉吗?对Amazilia蜂鸟的测试。中国生物医学工程学报，28(6):433-444。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.13157/arla.68.2.2021.ra6
Marta Olivé-Muñiz, E. Pagani-Núñez, J. Senar
Summary. Diet specialisation during brood rearing has important consequences on parental reproductive success and on the recruitment rate of offspring. However, very little is known about the long-term consistency of parents when feeding their offspring. Here, we used Mediterranean Great Tits Parus major to test the hypothesis that parents show a consistent level of individual specialisation across years. To do this, we recorded prey delivered to 10-14 day-old chicks over six years. We standardised the data to control for environmental factors and used a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to characterise the foraging provisioning behaviour of individuals. We assessed long-term dietary consistency using data from individuals recorded in two different years by performing a repeatability analysis (absolute consistency) and also running a Generalised Linear Mixed Model, where we measured the consistency of position of individuals in a group, relative to others (relative consistency). The PCA analysis showed that diet selection when provisioning chicks varies across two gradients: prey size vs. frequency of prey delivery, and caterpillars vs. spiders. Controlling for these factors, we found that both individual repeatability and the correlation of diet choices between years were moderately significant. Although Great Tits show high individual dietary specialisation within a year, diet fluctuates to some extent across years. This could provide a degree of flexibility to parents dealing with highly fluctuating environmental conditions as well as a buffer against climate change, and could be a consequence of increasing lifetime experience.—Olivé-Muñiz, M., Pagani-Núñez, E. & Senar, J.C. (2021). Breeding Great Tit Parus major individuals have moderately consistent foraging niches across years. Ardeola, 68: 409-422.
总结。育雏期间的饮食专业化对亲代繁殖成功和后代的招募率有重要影响。然而，人们对父母喂养后代的长期一致性知之甚少。在这里，我们使用地中海大山雀来测试父母在多年中表现出一致水平的个体专业化的假设。为了做到这一点，我们在六年内记录了10-14天大的雏鸟的猎物。我们将数据标准化以控制环境因素，并使用主成分分析(PCA)来表征个体的觅食供应行为。我们通过可重复性分析(绝对一致性)和广义线性混合模型来评估个体在两个不同年份记录的长期饮食一致性，在该模型中，我们测量了个体在群体中相对于其他个体位置的一致性(相对一致性)。主成分分析表明，雏鸟的饮食选择在两个梯度上存在差异:猎物大小与猎物传递频率，毛虫与蜘蛛。在控制了这些因素后，我们发现个体的可重复性和不同年份之间饮食选择的相关性都是中等显著的。虽然大山雀在一年内表现出高度的个体饮食特殊化，但饮食在一定程度上会在几年内波动。这可以为父母提供一定程度的灵活性，以应对高度波动的环境条件，以及对气候变化的缓冲，并且可能是增加终身经验的结果。Pagani-Nunez -Olive-Muniz, M, e . & Senar J.C.(2021)。繁殖大山雀幼鸟的主要个体有适度一致的觅食生态位。中国生物医学工程学报，28(6):449 -422。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.13157/arla.68.2.2021.fo1
M. Díaz, E. D. Concepción, M. Morales, J. Alonso, F. M. Azcárate, Ignacio Bartomeus, G. Bota, L. Brotóns, Daniel García, D. Giralt, J. E. Gutiérrez, J. López‐Bao, S. Mañosa, R. Milla, M. Miñarro, A. Navarro, P. P. Olea, C. Palacín, B. Peco, P. Rey, J. Seoane, S. Suárez‐Seoane, C. Schöb, R. Tarjuelo, J. Traba, F. Valera, E. Velado‐Alonso
Summary. The next reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2021-2027 (currently extended to 2023-2030) requires the approval by the European Commission of a Strategic Plan with environmental objectives for each Member State. Here we use the best available scientific evidence on the relationships between agricultural practices and biodiversity to delineate specific recommendations for the development of the Spanish Strategic Plan. Scientific evidence shows that Spain should (1) identify clear regional biodiversity targets and the landscape-level measures needed to achieve them; (2) define ambitious and complementary criteria across the three environmental instruments (enhanced conditionality, eco-schemes, and agri-environmental and climate measures) of the CAP's Green Architecture, especially in simple and complex landscapes; (3) ensure that other CAP instruments (areas of nature constraints, organic farming and protection of endangered livestock breeds and crop varieties) really support biodiversity; (4) improve farmers' knowledge and adjust measures to real world constraints; and (5) invest in biodiversity and ecosystem service monitoring in order to evaluate how the Plan achieves regional and national targets and to improve measures if targets are not met. We conclude that direct assessments of environmental objectives are technically and economically feasible, can be attractive to farmers, and are socially fair and of great interest for improving the environmental effectiveness of CAP measures. The explicit and rigorous association of assessments and monitoring, relating specific environmental indicators to regional objectives, should be the main criterion for the approval of the Strategic Plan in an environmentally-focused CAP 2023-2030.—Díaz, M. et al. (2021). Environmental objectives of Spanish agriculture: scientific guidelines for their effective implementation under the Common Agricultural Policy 2023-2030. Ardeola, 68: 445-460.
总结。2021-2027年(目前延长至2023-2030年)欧盟共同农业政策(CAP)的下一次改革要求欧盟委员会批准一项包含每个成员国环境目标的战略计划。在这里，我们利用有关农业实践与生物多样性之间关系的最佳科学证据，为制定西班牙战略计划提出具体建议。科学证据表明，西班牙应(1)确定明确的区域生物多样性目标和实现这些目标所需的景观级措施;(2)在CAP绿色建筑的三个环境工具(强化条件、生态方案、农业环境和气候措施)中定义雄心勃勃的互补标准，特别是在简单和复杂的景观中;(3)确保其他CAP工具(自然限制区域、有机农业和濒危牲畜品种和作物品种保护)真正支持生物多样性;(4)提高农民的知识水平，并根据现实条件调整措施;(5)投资于生物多样性和生态系统服务监测，以评估该计划如何实现区域和国家目标，并在未达到目标时改进措施。我们的结论是，对环境目标的直接评估在技术上和经济上都是可行的，对农民具有吸引力，而且在社会上是公平的，对提高共同农业计划措施的环境有效性非常有意义。在以环境为重点的《2023-2030年规划》中，评估和监测之间明确而严格的联系，将具体环境指标与区域目标联系起来，应成为批准战略计划的主要标准。-Díaz, M. et al.(2021)。西班牙农业环境目标:根据《2023-2030年共同农业政策》有效实施这些目标的科学指南。中国生物医学工程学报，68:445-460。
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