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Rheological properties and mechanical strength of self-compacting mortars produced with marble powder and calcined clay 用大理石粉和煅烧粘土生产的自密实砂浆的流变特性和机械强度
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.3.3
Messaouda Laidi, Tayeb Bouziani
The use of calcined clays [CC], combined in ternary blended with the limestone filler and cement has received considerable attention in recent years. This paper discusses the results on the rheological and compressive strength of three types of calcined clays in combination with marble powder and cement, used as ternary binder in self-compacting mortars. A simplex-lattice mixture design approach was used, with five levels, to establish the different binder combinations. The responses of the system were evaluated in terms of rheological properties and compressive strength. The tests conducted on SCM ternary mixes are slump flow diameter, v-funnel flow time, yield value, viscosity and compressive strength at 28, 90 and 365 days. It was concluded that the replacement of cement with calcined clays and marble powder in ternary mixes reduced the flowability by decreasing slump flow and increasing v-funnel time. However, the combined effect of marble powder and calcined clays is more appropriate to produce flowable SCM mixes while maintaining an adequate viscosity. In terms of compressive strength. A progressively increasing trend was observed for 28 days compressive strength with the increase in marble powder and calcined clays in binary proportions.
近年来,将煅烧粘土与石灰石填料和水泥三元混合使用受到了相当大的关注。本文讨论了三种煅烧粘土与大理岩粉和水泥复合作为三元粘结剂用于自密实砂浆的流变学和抗压强度的研究结果。采用5个层次的单点阵混合设计方法,建立不同的粘结剂组合。系统的响应评估流变特性和抗压强度。对SCM三元混合料进行了28、90和365天的坍落度流径、v型漏斗流时间、屈服值、粘度和抗压强度试验。在三元混合料中,以煅烧粘土和大理岩粉替代水泥,通过减小坍落度流动和增加v漏斗时间来降低其流动性。然而,大理岩粉和煅烧粘土的联合作用更适合于在保持足够粘度的情况下产生可流动的SCM混合料。在抗压强度方面。28 d内,大理岩粉和煅烧粘土的抗压强度呈二比递增趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency evaluation of a commercial superficial strengthening system applied to AAC-block walls under diagonal compression 应用于斜压下 AAC 砌块墙体的商用表面加固系统的效率评估
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.3.1
Marta Kałuża
The article presents the influence of a superficial strengthening system on the behaviour of AAC-block walls with thin bed joints and unfilled head joints. The strengthening system consisted of a high-strength fibreglass mesh applied to both wall surfaces with a mineral mortar reinforced with fibreglass. A series of strengthened and unstrengthened specimens was tested under diagonal compression according to ASTM E519-15 to determine their shear strength and stress-strain characteristics. The use of optical strain measurement made it possible to identify the failure mode for both types of the tested walls. The strengthening system changed the wall failure development, which was initiated by unfilled head joints in both cases. The application of the strengthening system on both wall surfaces improved the strength properties of the wall significantly. The load-bearing capacity of the specimens increased by nearly 90% and cracking of the walls occurred at loads about 50% higher compared to specimens with no superficial strengthening. The strengthened specimens exhibited a ductile behaviour after reaching the maximum bearing capacity. A simplified method for computing the cracking load and maximum load was also proposed, the results of which are consistent with the tests results.
本文介绍了表面强化体系对具有薄床节理和未充填头节理的aac砌块墙体性能的影响。强化系统由一个高强度的玻璃纤维网组成,用玻璃纤维增强的矿物砂浆应用于两个墙面。根据ASTM E519-15进行了一系列加固和未加固试件的斜向压缩试验,以确定其抗剪强度和应力-应变特性。使用光学应变测量可以识别两种类型的测试壁的破坏模式。加固系统改变了两种情况下壁面破坏的发展,这两种情况下壁面破坏都是由未充填的头缝引起的。强化体系在两个墙体表面的应用显著提高了墙体的强度性能。与未进行表面加固的试件相比,在荷载作用下,试件的承载能力提高了近90%,墙体开裂率提高了约50%。加固后的试件在达到最大承载能力后表现出延性。提出了一种计算开裂荷载和最大荷载的简化方法,计算结果与试验结果一致。
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引用次数: 0
Dissimilar surface treated recycled coarse aggregate in concrete 混凝土中的异种表面处理再生粗骨料
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.3.2
J. Vengadesh Marshall Raman, V. Ramasamy
The surface zone of the recycled aggregate plays a significant role in the strength and durability of concrete. In this research, various concrete series incorporating natural coarse aggregate [NCA], untreated recycled coarse aggregate RCA(UN), mechanical scrubbing treated coarse aggregate RCA(MS), sulfuric acid treated coarse aggregate RCA(H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid treated aggregate RCA(HCl) were investigated. Manufactured sand was used as an alternative to natural river sand in five series of concrete with 100% replacement ratio. The mechanical properties: compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength, respectively, were determined at the age of 28 and 56 days. Durability properties: water absorption, drying, sulfuric acid, sodium sulphate and sorptivity test were determined at the age of 28, 56 and 90 days and the results were compared to reference concrete. According to the results, RCA(UN) was found to marginally decreased the concrete performance, and the above mentioned treated aggregate shows a significant improvement in overall performance compared to RCA(UN), especially RCA(MS), which enhances the concrete more significantly than other methods. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope results also emphasize the enhanced microstructure of treated recycled aggregate in concrete. The photographic view of the cross sections of the samples shows a superior interfacial transition zone in all kinds of treated aggregate concrete than in untreated recycled aggregate concrete.
再生骨料的表面区域对混凝土的强度和耐久性起着重要的作用。在本研究中,研究了各种混凝土系列,包括天然粗骨料[NCA]、未经处理的再生粗骨料RCA(UN)、机械擦洗处理的粗骨料RCA(MS)、硫酸处理的粗骨料RCA(H2SO4)和盐酸处理的粗骨料RCA(HCl)。在五个系列的混凝土中,用人工砂代替天然河砂,替代率为100%。力学性能:分别在28和56天时测定抗压、劈裂拉伸和抗弯强度。耐久性:在龄期28、56、90天进行吸水、干燥、硫酸、硫酸钠、吸附性试验,并与参考混凝土进行对比。结果表明,RCA(UN)对混凝土性能有轻微的降低作用,而上述处理后的骨料与RCA(UN)相比,综合性能有显著提高,尤其是RCA(MS)对混凝土的增强作用比其他处理方式更为显著。此外,扫描电镜结果也强调了处理后的再生骨料在混凝土中的微观结构的增强。样品横截面的照片显示,各种处理过的骨料混凝土比未经处理的再生骨料混凝土具有更好的界面过渡区。
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引用次数: 0
Air entrance additive effect on geopolymer mortar thermal conductivity 空气入口添加剂对土工聚合物砂浆导热性的影响
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.3.4
M. Kępniak, Wojciech Piątkiewicz, Piotr Prochoń
The article deals with research on sustainable building materials - alkali-activated mortars with high temperature resistance. A cement-free alkali-activated binder [geopolymer] based on alkali-activated fly ash from coal combustion using perlite, perlite dust and cenospheres as filler. The object of the analysis was to study the effect of fillers on the coefficient of thermal conductivity, compressive strength and microstructure of the cementless mortars. The results showed that the most effective addition was perlite sand in the amount of 30%. The other tested lightweight fillers did not significantly change the thermal conductivity of the tested mortars.
本文对可持续建筑材料——耐高温碱活性砂浆进行了研究。一种无水泥碱活性粘结剂[地聚合物],以煤燃烧产生的碱活性粉煤灰为基础,使用珍珠岩、珍珠岩粉尘和微球作为填料。分析的目的是研究填料对无水泥砂浆导热系数、抗压强度和微观结构的影响。结果表明,珍珠岩砂的添加量为30%,效果最佳。其他测试的轻质填料没有显著改变测试砂浆的导热性。
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引用次数: 0
Production of environmentally-friendly, high-strength repair mortar for the restoration of historical buildings 生产用于修复历史建筑的环保型高强度修复砂浆
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.3.5
Can Tombuca, M. Çavuş
In this study, repair mortars with artificial and natural pozzolan additives were produced for the restoration of historical buildings. Class C fly ash, an artificial pozzolan and zeolite the natural pozzolan, were substituted into these lime-based mortars. Two different aggregate types were used in the preparation of the mortars: natural river sand and crushed brick. A total of 18 batches of mortars were produced, two of which were reference batches. In the first group of batches, fly ash, which is the major pozzolan, was tested in both aggregate groups in 20%, 40%, and 60% ratios of lime substitution. In the second group of batches, fly ash and zeolite were used in different proportions as lime substitution. In the reference series, air lime was used alone. At the end of the 28, 56, and 90 days curing period, mechanical, physical properties, and phase composition of the mortars were determined. When the pozzolan-added mortars were compared with the reference mortars, it was observed that pozzolans provided significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties of the repair mortars. While significant improvements were observed in the physical properties of the mortars where fly ash was used as the only pozzolan, mechanical properties were better in the mortars with zeolite.
本研究针对历史建筑的修复,分别生产了人造和天然火山灰添加剂的修复砂浆。用C级粉煤灰和天然火山灰代替天然沸石制成石灰基砂浆。两种不同的骨料类型用于砂浆的制备:天然河砂和碎砖。共生产了18批迫击炮,其中两批为参考批次。在第一组批次中,粉煤灰作为主要的火山灰,在两组骨料中分别以20%、40%和60%的石灰替代比例进行了测试。第二批用不同比例的粉煤灰和沸石代替石灰。在参考系列中,仅使用空气石灰。在28、56和90天的养护期结束时,测定了砂浆的力学、物理性能和相组成。将添加火山灰的砂浆与参考砂浆进行比较,发现火山灰对修复砂浆的物理力学性能有显著改善。粉煤灰作为唯一的火山灰时,砂浆的物理性能有明显改善,而沸石作为唯一的沸石时,砂浆的力学性能更好。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-quantitative measurement of calcium carbonate in historic gypsum mortars, using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy 漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱法半定量测定历史石膏砂浆中的碳酸钙
4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.2.1
Alireza Kochazekzaei, Mahsa Saidi Mehrabad, Bahram Ajorloo
This paper uses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to semi-quantitatively measure the amount of calcium carbonate in historical gypsum mortars. 17 historical mortar samples related to Arch of Alishāh in Tabriz-Iran, belonging to the Ilkhanid period, were evaluated. The methodology used in this study was diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy [DRIFTS]. Gypsum mortars containing 0-6.5% calcite were prepared and analysed using an FTIR spectrometer. The calibration curve was prepared based on the band intensity ratio of 1485 cm-1 related to carbonate vibrations in calcite to 660 cm-1 corresponding to sulphate vibrations in gypsum. Calculating the amount of carbonate in all historical mortars shows the presence of about 0.12 to 1.08% carbonate in gypsum mortar. According to obtained results, it can be acknowledged that due to the meagre amount of carbonate in the mixture of mortars, the existing carbonate has entered the mortar as an impurity through soil or dissolved salts. This can indicate that, contrary to the initial idea about some of these mortars, lime and gypsum mixture was not used as the main component in the making these mortars.
本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对历史石膏砂浆中碳酸钙的含量进行了半定量测定。对伊朗大不里士- Alishāh拱门的17个历史砂浆样品进行了评估,这些样品属于伊尔汗时期。本研究使用的方法是漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱[DRIFTS]。制备了方解石含量为0 ~ 6.5%的石膏砂浆,并用FTIR光谱仪对其进行了分析。根据方解石中碳酸盐振动的波段强度比为1485 cm-1与石膏中硫酸盐振动的波段强度比为660 cm-1制备了校准曲线。计算所有历史砂浆中的碳酸盐含量表明,石膏砂浆中碳酸盐含量约为0.12至1.08%。根据得到的结果,可以认为由于砂浆混合物中碳酸盐含量较少,现有碳酸盐已通过土壤或溶解盐作为杂质进入砂浆。这表明,与一些砂浆的最初想法相反,石灰和石膏混合物并没有被用作制造这些砂浆的主要成分。
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引用次数: 0
Concrete durability evaluation in new built pavement sections of expressways in Poland 波兰高速公路新建路面路段混凝土耐久性评价
4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.2.4
Michał Glinicki
A review of concrete durability at several sections of the new built expressways in Poland is presented. Two-layers jointed plain concrete pavements were constructed using a slip-form technology. For freeze-thaw and deicing salts durability of concrete the specified air void properties, including the spacing factor and the microvoids content, was evaluated on core specimens drilled from the constructed pavements. The observed system of fine air voids indicates optimal features for increased frost and scaling resistance without a significant negative impact on strength. The correlation was established between the microvoid content in the hardened concrete and the data of the Super Air Metre on fresh concrete mix was established. Concrete durability in high moisture environment, combined with fatigue traffic load and external supply of alkaline deicing salt solutions, was considered using newly developed principles of nonreactive aggregate selection. The aggregate selection based on petrographic analysis and the assessment of expansive behaviour of concrete was fully confirmed using the performance tests with external supply of sodium chloride. The suitability of the established methodology for durability acceptance testing for exploration of alternative materials for paving is discussed.
对波兰新建高速公路的几个路段的混凝土耐久性进行了审查。两层接缝素混凝土路面采用滑模技术建造。对于混凝土的冻融和除冰盐耐久性,在从施工路面钻取的岩心样本上评估了指定的空隙特性,包括间距因子和微空隙含量。观察到的细空气空隙系统表明,在不显著影响强度的情况下,增加抗冻性和抗结垢性的最佳特征。建立了硬化混凝土中微孔隙含量与新拌混凝土超空气测定仪数据的相关性。结合疲劳交通荷载和外部碱性除冰盐溶液的供应,采用新发展的非反应性骨料选择原则,考虑了高水分环境下混凝土的耐久性。通过外加氯化钠的性能试验,充分证实了以岩石学分析和混凝土膨胀性能评价为基础的骨料选择。讨论了现有的耐久性验收试验方法在探索铺装替代材料方面的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
The use of marine seashells as aggregates in pervious concretes 在透水混凝土中使用海贝作为集料
4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.2.2
Fatma Zohra Melais, Kamer Dorbani, Nourredine Arabi, Dajmel Achoura
Waste recovery is now a favourable solution for technical and economic reasons. The purpose of this study is the valuation of marine co-products – seashells, whose goal is to produce an eco-material that responds to the environmental problem. The experimental study focuses on the idea of replacing natural aggregates with recycled shell aggregates and studying their influence on the properties of pervious concrete. For this purpose, six concrete mixtures were prepared, where three of them were based on natural crushed limestone aggregates with 20% of porosity but had different dosages of cement 250, 300, and 350 kg/m3. The other three concretes have identical compositions, except that crushed shell aggregates substitute the natural aggregates. The obtained results are showing that the use of crushed shells considerably influences the properties of the studied concretes. In the fresh state, all concretes present high slump values and low density. Using shell aggregates improves the mechanical resistance, especially the tensile strength, by bending for the hardened state. Despite their shapes, the shell aggregates used in this study do not affect the concrete porosity, and consequently, draining concretes with good permeability have been obtained.
由于技术和经济原因,废物回收现在是一个有利的解决方案。本研究的目的是评估海洋副产品- -贝壳,其目标是生产一种对环境问题作出反应的生态材料。试验研究的重点是用再生壳骨料替代天然骨料,并研究其对透水混凝土性能的影响。为此,我们准备了六种混凝土混合物,其中三种是基于天然破碎的石灰石骨料,孔隙率为20%,但水泥用量不同,分别为250、300和350 kg/m3。其他三种混凝土的成分相同,只是粉碎壳骨料代替了天然骨料。所获得的结果表明,粉碎壳的使用对所研究的混凝土的性能有很大影响。在新鲜状态下,所有混凝土都呈现高坍落度值和低密度。使用壳集料提高了机械阻力,特别是抗拉强度,通过弯曲硬化状态。尽管它们的形状,但本研究中使用的壳集料不影响混凝土的孔隙率,因此获得了渗透性良好的排水混凝土。
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引用次数: 0
Application of digital image analysis as a method of assessing the of carbonation process of cement binders – impact of distortion on the results of real and model samples 数字图像分析在水泥粘结剂碳化过程评价中的应用——变形对实际样品和模型样品结果的影响
4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.2.3
Jakub Szydłowski
Nowadays, because of the use of active additives in cement, studies on carbonation progress are crucial to ensure the safety of structures. Carbonation depth measurement involves the use of a calliper to determine the front of the carbonation. The values determined in this way are averaged, and the corrosion progress is estimated based on these values. Due to the fact that the standard approach assumes the use of a discrete method for determining the carbonation depth, the measurement may be subject to error, and its execution, especially for many samples, is time-consuming. An alternative method for determining the depth of carbonation may be continuous measurement, which determines the actual depth of carbonation since the entire sample area is analysed. Therefore, digital image analysis is the more precise and convenient approach. Unfortunately, it is not an approach, covered by the standards, but may help to assess the correctness of the determination, the carbonation depth. The problem with the use of digital analysis in proposed method may be the quality of the image obtained. The main problem may be the sphericity of the image, related to the nature of the camera, but also the lack of perpendicularity of the optical system of the camera to the sample when fixing its image, related to incorrect positioning by the camera operator. The results show that the digital image analysis is more accurate than the traditional approach, and that the distortion caused by the tilt of the image does not affect the obtained values to a greater degree than the measurement accuracy of the traditional approach.
目前,由于活性添加剂在水泥中的应用,研究水泥的碳化进展对保证结构的安全至关重要。碳化深度测量包括使用卡尺来确定前方的碳化。用这种方法得到的值取平均值,并根据这些值估计腐蚀过程。由于标准方法假设使用离散方法来确定碳酸化深度,因此测量可能会出现误差,并且其执行,特别是对于许多样品,是耗时的。确定碳酸化深度的另一种方法可能是连续测量,因为分析了整个样品区域,因此可以确定碳酸化的实际深度。因此,数字图像分析是比较精确和方便的方法。不幸的是,它不是标准所涵盖的一种方法,但可能有助于评估测定碳酸化深度的正确性。该方法中使用数字分析的问题可能是所获得的图像质量。主要的问题可能是图像的球形,这与相机的性质有关,但也可能是相机的光学系统在固定图像时与样品缺乏垂直度,这与相机操作员的错误定位有关。结果表明,与传统方法相比,数字图像分析的精度更高,并且由于图像倾斜引起的畸变对所得值的影响程度小于传统方法的测量精度。
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引用次数: 0
Residue after the extraction of potassium and chlorine from by-pass dust as a new raw material for the synthesis of low-emission Portland clinker 从旁通粉尘中提取钾、氯后的残渣作为合成低排放硅酸盐熟料的新原料
4区 工程技术 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.32047/cwb.2023.28.2.5
Tomasz Baran, Mikołaj Ostrowski, Paweł Pichniarczyk, Magdalena Kosmal
By-pass dusts are waste products formed during the production of Portland clinker. Due to the high amounts of chlorine in by-pass dust, they cannot be reused in cement production. Mineral fertilizer producers have the technology to recover potassium from by-pass dust, during which unwanted chlorine is simultaneously extracted. Due to the high content of non-carbonated CaO in the residue after extracting potassium and chlorine from by-pass dust, this material can be a very valuable ingredient in the production of Portland clinker. This paper aims to present the possibility of producing low-emission Portland clinker using the residue after extracting potassium and chlorine from by-pass dust. Using the maximum amount of extraction residue in the raw material sets from which Portland clinker is produced reduced emissions by 407.6 kg CO2 per Mg of Portland clinker, compared to Portland clinker produced from natural carbonate raw materials. Additionally, cements made from clinkers calcined with extraction residue showed better strength increases after 2, 7, 28, and 90 days of curing compared to reference cement made from Portland clinker calcined with natural carbonate raw materials.
旁通粉尘是硅酸盐熟料生产过程中产生的废弃物。由于旁路粉尘中的氯含量很高,它们不能在水泥生产中重复使用。矿物肥料生产商拥有从旁通粉尘中回收钾的技术,在此过程中,不需要的氯被同时提取出来。由于从旁通粉尘中提取钾、氯后的废渣中非碳酸化CaO含量高,因此该原料可作为生产硅酸盐熟料的重要原料。介绍了利用旁通粉尘提钾、提氯后的废渣生产低排放硅酸盐熟料的可能性。与使用天然碳酸盐原料生产的波特兰熟料相比,在生产波特兰熟料的原料组中使用最大数量的萃取渣,每毫克波特兰熟料可减少407.6千克二氧化碳的排放量。此外,用萃取渣煅烧的熟料制成的水泥在养护2、7、28和90天后,与用天然碳酸盐原料煅烧的硅酸盐熟料制成的对照水泥相比,强度增加得更好。
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引用次数: 0
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Cement Wapno Beton
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