{"title":"Un enfant à l’asile. Vie de Paul Taesch (1874–1914) par Anatole Le Bras (review)","authors":"Marie-Claude Thifault","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.353-042019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.353-042019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"478 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Freud Wars. Un siècle de scandales par Samuel Lézé (review)","authors":"Martin Chénard","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.348-032019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.348-032019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"506 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CBMH / BCHM 36.2 2019 p. 498–500 doi: 10.3138/cbmh.337-022019 profession: in many cases, patients appeared to accept the doctors far more readily than the establishment did. Simpson describes the professional constraints experienced by these practitioners, who were often obliged to care for large numbers of patients living in socio-economically deprived areas, frequently with little support from the establishment. He also suggests that this may have led to political activism amongst some of the migrant doctors, as well as fostering the development of mutual support organizations. By bringing his themes together, Simpson raises the profile of the South Asian doctors in the history of the NHS, suggesting that they were saviours of general practice in many geographical areas, as well as innovators. He argues that Britain has never been self-sufficient in its medical workforce, and that international medical migration will always be necessary to staff the NHS. There is also a brief discussion of how the Indian government began to resent the reduction of its workforce during this period; this is perhaps a topic that would benefit from further research. In his preface, Simpson claims to offer a coherent, academic analysis of this previously neglected area of British general practice history, whilst also attempting to appeal to a non-academic audience. The latter aim is realized through the use of the narrative voices of his subjects to explain, and sometimes challenge, accepted historiography. As a result, this book is accessible not just to academic medical historians (who will appreciate the extensive bibliography and explanatory notes), but also to the general reader looking to explore this era of post-colonial medicine. Simpson’s book delivers a comprehensive account of his research, as well as pointing the way towards future studies in this field; as such, it is to be recommended.
CBMH / BCHM 36.2 2019 p. 498-500 doi: 10.3138/ CBMH。职业:在许多情况下，患者似乎比机构更容易接受医生。辛普森描述了这些从业人员所经历的专业限制，他们经常不得不照顾生活在社会经济贫困地区的大量患者，往往很少得到机构的支持。他还认为，这可能导致了一些流动医生的政治激进主义，并促进了相互支持组织的发展。通过将他的主题结合在一起，辛普森提高了南亚医生在NHS历史上的形象，表明他们是许多地理区域的全科医生的救星，也是创新者。他认为，英国的医疗队伍从来没有自给自足过，国际医疗移民对NHS的员工来说永远是必要的。也有一个简短的讨论，印度政府如何开始怨恨在此期间减少其劳动力;这也许是一个将受益于进一步研究的主题。在他的序言中，辛普森声称要对这个以前被忽视的英国全科医生历史领域提供一个连贯的学术分析，同时也试图吸引非学术观众。后者的目的是通过使用他的主题的叙事声音来解释，有时是挑战，公认的史学。因此，这本书不仅适合学术医学历史学家(他们会欣赏广泛的参考书目和解释性注释)，也适合普通读者探索这个后殖民医学时代。辛普森的书对他的研究进行了全面的介绍，并指出了该领域未来研究的方向;因此，这是值得推荐的。
{"title":"Managing Diabetes, Managing Medicine: Chronic Disease and Clinical Bureaucracy in Post-War Britain by Martin D. Moore (review)","authors":"I. Miller","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.337-022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.337-022019","url":null,"abstract":"CBMH / BCHM 36.2 2019 p. 498–500 doi: 10.3138/cbmh.337-022019 profession: in many cases, patients appeared to accept the doctors far more readily than the establishment did. Simpson describes the professional constraints experienced by these practitioners, who were often obliged to care for large numbers of patients living in socio-economically deprived areas, frequently with little support from the establishment. He also suggests that this may have led to political activism amongst some of the migrant doctors, as well as fostering the development of mutual support organizations. By bringing his themes together, Simpson raises the profile of the South Asian doctors in the history of the NHS, suggesting that they were saviours of general practice in many geographical areas, as well as innovators. He argues that Britain has never been self-sufficient in its medical workforce, and that international medical migration will always be necessary to staff the NHS. There is also a brief discussion of how the Indian government began to resent the reduction of its workforce during this period; this is perhaps a topic that would benefit from further research. In his preface, Simpson claims to offer a coherent, academic analysis of this previously neglected area of British general practice history, whilst also attempting to appeal to a non-academic audience. The latter aim is realized through the use of the narrative voices of his subjects to explain, and sometimes challenge, accepted historiography. As a result, this book is accessible not just to academic medical historians (who will appreciate the extensive bibliography and explanatory notes), but also to the general reader looking to explore this era of post-colonial medicine. Simpson’s book delivers a comprehensive account of his research, as well as pointing the way towards future studies in this field; as such, it is to be recommended.","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"498 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69610512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Du tabac pour le mort. Une histoire de la réanimation par Anton Serdeczny (review)","authors":"Élisabeth Rochon","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.347-032019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.347-032019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"493 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Since the 1950s, the practice of psychiatric drug maintenance therapy has been supported by graphics. Lacking physical markers to identify “responders” to long-term drugs, psychiatrists have used graphics to make the outcomes of their interventions visible. This article identifies changes in the graphical representation of drug responders in psychiatric journals between the mid-1950s and the mid-1990s. It argues that before 1970, psychiatrists assessed patients’ responses in relation to their personal baselines or symptom trajectories. After 1970, clinical trials made it possible to see responders through a statistical lens, as a homogeneous population, decontextualized from its past and having a future consisting of two possible states: relapse or remission. Abstracted from their life’s context, responders became the desired outcome of prescribing protocols that could be applied anywhere. Psychiatry’s graphical language supported an authoritative view of mental health as something to be optimized and maintained with prescription drugs.Résumé:Depuis les années 1950, les thérapies psychiatriques qui recouraient aux médicaments s’appuyaient sur des graphiques. Ne pouvant faire état de signes physiques, les psychiatres les utilisaient pour rendre « visibles » les réponses des patients aux médicaments administrés à long terme. Cet article retrace l’évolution des représentations graphiques utilisées dans les revues de psychiatrie pour exposer les réponses des patients à des médicaments entre le milieu des années 1950 et le milieu des années 1990. Avant 1970, les psychiatres évaluaient ces réponses en fonction des caractéristiques personnelles des patients ou de l’évolution de leurs symptômes. Après 1970 cependant, les essais cliniques permirent une démarche statistique, qui traitait les patients sous médication comme une population homogène, sans passé et dotée d’un futur exprimé en termes de rémission ou de rechute. Une fois détachés de leur contexte de vie, ces patients symbolisaient les résultats attendus de protocoles de prescription applicables partout. Ce langage graphique véhiculait une conception dominante selon laquelle la santé mentale peut être améliorée et maintenue grâce à la prescription de médicaments.
{"title":"Erasing the Personal Baseline: Graphing Responders to Psychiatric Drug Maintenance Therapy","authors":"D. Deshauer","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.345-032019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.345-032019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since the 1950s, the practice of psychiatric drug maintenance therapy has been supported by graphics. Lacking physical markers to identify “responders” to long-term drugs, psychiatrists have used graphics to make the outcomes of their interventions visible. This article identifies changes in the graphical representation of drug responders in psychiatric journals between the mid-1950s and the mid-1990s. It argues that before 1970, psychiatrists assessed patients’ responses in relation to their personal baselines or symptom trajectories. After 1970, clinical trials made it possible to see responders through a statistical lens, as a homogeneous population, decontextualized from its past and having a future consisting of two possible states: relapse or remission. Abstracted from their life’s context, responders became the desired outcome of prescribing protocols that could be applied anywhere. Psychiatry’s graphical language supported an authoritative view of mental health as something to be optimized and maintained with prescription drugs.Résumé:Depuis les années 1950, les thérapies psychiatriques qui recouraient aux médicaments s’appuyaient sur des graphiques. Ne pouvant faire état de signes physiques, les psychiatres les utilisaient pour rendre « visibles » les réponses des patients aux médicaments administrés à long terme. Cet article retrace l’évolution des représentations graphiques utilisées dans les revues de psychiatrie pour exposer les réponses des patients à des médicaments entre le milieu des années 1950 et le milieu des années 1990. Avant 1970, les psychiatres évaluaient ces réponses en fonction des caractéristiques personnelles des patients ou de l’évolution de leurs symptômes. Après 1970 cependant, les essais cliniques permirent une démarche statistique, qui traitait les patients sous médication comme une population homogène, sans passé et dotée d’un futur exprimé en termes de rémission ou de rechute. Une fois détachés de leur contexte de vie, ces patients symbolisaient les résultats attendus de protocoles de prescription applicables partout. Ce langage graphique véhiculait une conception dominante selon laquelle la santé mentale peut être améliorée et maintenue grâce à la prescription de médicaments.","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"346 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/cbmh.345-032019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health care professions struggling for legitimacy, recognition, and market share can become disoriented to their priorities. Health care practitioners are expected to put the interests of patients first. Professional associations represent the interests of their members. So when a professional association is composed of health care practitioners, its interests may differ from those of patients, creating a conflict for members. In addition, sometimes practitioners’ perspectives may be altered by indoctrination in a belief system, or misinformation, so that a practitioner could be confused about the reality of patient needs. Politicians, in attempting to find an expedient compromise, can value a “win” in the legislative arena over the effects of that legislation. These forces all figure into the events that led to the acceptance of chiropractic into the American Medicare system. Two health care systems in a political fight lost sight of their main purpose: to provide care to patients without doing harm.
{"title":"Politics Ahead of Patients: The Battle between Medical and Chiropractic Professional Associations over the Inclusion of Chiropractic in the American Medicare System","authors":"K. Young","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.330-022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.330-022019","url":null,"abstract":"Health care professions struggling for legitimacy, recognition, and market share can become disoriented to their priorities. Health care practitioners are expected to put the interests of patients first. Professional associations represent the interests of their members. So when a professional association is composed of health care practitioners, its interests may differ from those of patients, creating a conflict for members. In addition, sometimes practitioners’ perspectives may be altered by indoctrination in a belief system, or misinformation, so that a practitioner could be confused about the reality of patient needs. Politicians, in attempting to find an expedient compromise, can value a “win” in the legislative arena over the effects of that legislation. These forces all figure into the events that led to the acceptance of chiropractic into the American Medicare system. Two health care systems in a political fight lost sight of their main purpose: to provide care to patients without doing harm.","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/cbmh.330-022019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47448747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le siècle des vérolés. La Renaissance européenne face à la syphilis sous la dir. par Ariane Bayle et Brigitte Gauvin (review)","authors":"V. Montagne","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.369-062019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.369-062019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"491 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ Note / Note de la rédaction","authors":"Erika Dyck, K. Kroker, Aline Charles","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.36.2.note","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.36.2.note","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"253 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/cbmh.36.2.note","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Metamorphosis of Autism: A History of Child Development in Britain by Bonnie Evans (review)","authors":"M. Aronov","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.307-012019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.307-012019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"475 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/cbmh.307-012019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurological Concepts in Ancient Greek Medicine par Thomas M. Walsche (review)","authors":"H. Perdicoyianni-Paléologou","doi":"10.3138/cbmh.354-042019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.354-042019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55634,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Bulletin of Medical History","volume":"36 1","pages":"486 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42033550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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