Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_131_22
Ramandeep Kaur, A. Sidana, Nidhi Malhotra, Shikha Tyagi
Background: Nonadherence to treatment is a recognized problem and the most challenging aspect of treatment, particularly in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We aimed to identify a set of individuals in the social milieu of patients as opinion makers who play significant role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior in patients with FES. Materials and Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), first episode, were administered with a 20 items semi-structured questionnaire to identify the individuals and their role in treatment-seeking behavior of patients with FES. Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the sample was 29 years (standard deviation [SD] ±7.35), and the mean duration of illness was 9.2 (SD ± 0.58) months. Our study shows that apart from treating psychiatrists, patient's family members and relatives play a crucial role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior such as treatment commencement, drug dose, formulation, place of treatment, etc., A large number of patients went to faith healers on the advice of family members (34.7%) and also followed the advice of family members regarding the duration of treatment (63.3%) as well as discontinuing treatment (63.3%). Conclusion: The index study concludes the role of family members/relatives as opinion makers in the social milieu of patients with FES in influencing treatment-related decisions and affecting adherence to treatment.
{"title":"Medication adherence in schizophrenia: Role of opinion makers","authors":"Ramandeep Kaur, A. Sidana, Nidhi Malhotra, Shikha Tyagi","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonadherence to treatment is a recognized problem and the most challenging aspect of treatment, particularly in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We aimed to identify a set of individuals in the social milieu of patients as opinion makers who play significant role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior in patients with FES. Materials and Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), first episode, were administered with a 20 items semi-structured questionnaire to identify the individuals and their role in treatment-seeking behavior of patients with FES. Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the sample was 29 years (standard deviation [SD] ±7.35), and the mean duration of illness was 9.2 (SD ± 0.58) months. Our study shows that apart from treating psychiatrists, patient's family members and relatives play a crucial role in influencing treatment-seeking behavior such as treatment commencement, drug dose, formulation, place of treatment, etc., A large number of patients went to faith healers on the advice of family members (34.7%) and also followed the advice of family members regarding the duration of treatment (63.3%) as well as discontinuing treatment (63.3%). Conclusion: The index study concludes the role of family members/relatives as opinion makers in the social milieu of patients with FES in influencing treatment-related decisions and affecting adherence to treatment.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"9 1","pages":"388 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Nursing is a noble profession, which comes with a lot of responsibilities, workload, and demands made by the various stakeholders of health-care industry. Maintaining an empathic nurse–patient relationship is at its core, irrespective of the types of nursing care being rendered. This study aims to assess the association between perceived job stress and satisfaction, empathy, and spiritual beliefs on burnout and emotional distress, in nurses. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was undertaken to meet the study objectives. Data were collected from a total of 257 consenting nurses, using the modified Consultants Job Stress and Satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Provider Version, and General Health Questionnaire-12. Results: High empathy was related to lower depersonalization (DP) and higher personal accomplishment. Nurses who agreed on to their work beliefs being influenced by spiritual beliefs also had more commonly reported high job stress. More than a third (34.24%) of the nurses were emotionally distressed with a significant score in General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 score significantly varied with high emotional exhaustion (EE), high DP, and job stress. Conclusion: Empathy and spiritual belief act as modifying factors for job stress and job satisfaction, respectively. A significant proportion of the nurses were found to have emotional distress which was significantly related to EE, DP, and job stress. A training module including strategies to build empathetic skills, stress management, and ways to promote psychological well-being, should be embedded in the curriculum of new graduate nurses.
{"title":"The Association between Perceived Job Stress and Satisfaction, Empathy and Spiritual Beliefs on Burnout and Emotional Distress in Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sudipta Debnath, Manoranjitham Sathiyaseelan, Prathap Tharyan, Gowri Mahasampath","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_331_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_331_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Nursing is a noble profession, which comes with a lot of responsibilities, workload, and demands made by the various stakeholders of health-care industry. Maintaining an empathic nurse–patient relationship is at its core, irrespective of the types of nursing care being rendered. This study aims to assess the association between perceived job stress and satisfaction, empathy, and spiritual beliefs on burnout and emotional distress, in nurses. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was undertaken to meet the study objectives. Data were collected from a total of 257 consenting nurses, using the modified Consultants Job Stress and Satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Provider Version, and General Health Questionnaire-12. Results: High empathy was related to lower depersonalization (DP) and higher personal accomplishment. Nurses who agreed on to their work beliefs being influenced by spiritual beliefs also had more commonly reported high job stress. More than a third (34.24%) of the nurses were emotionally distressed with a significant score in General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 score significantly varied with high emotional exhaustion (EE), high DP, and job stress. Conclusion: Empathy and spiritual belief act as modifying factors for job stress and job satisfaction, respectively. A significant proportion of the nurses were found to have emotional distress which was significantly related to EE, DP, and job stress. A training module including strategies to build empathetic skills, stress management, and ways to promote psychological well-being, should be embedded in the curriculum of new graduate nurses.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_457_20
Kannappa V Shetty, Priyanka Sridharan, B. G. Anantha Ramu, Vijaya Raghavan
Shetty, Kannappa V; Sridharan, Priyanka1; Ramu, B. G. Anantha; Raghavan, Vijaya1 Author Information
Shetty, Kannappa V;曾经,Priyanka1;Ramu, B. G. Anantha;Raghavan, Vijaya1作者信息
{"title":"Coping Strategies Used by Persons Affected by COVID-19 in Rural Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Kannappa V Shetty, Priyanka Sridharan, B. G. Anantha Ramu, Vijaya Raghavan","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_457_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_457_20","url":null,"abstract":"Shetty, Kannappa V; Sridharan, Priyanka1; Ramu, B. G. Anantha; Raghavan, Vijaya1 Author Information","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_348_21
Tabasum Dilawar, Saleem Yousuf, Ifshana Iliyas
Abstract Background: The United Nations Children's Fund and global partners define an orphan as a child who has lost one or both parents. Orphanages, children's villages, or other group residential facilities generally fail to meet young people's emotional and psychological needs. Research indicates that orphaned youth face more negative psychosocial challenges than their younger counterparts do. This study was carried out to find out the association of the psychological well-being of adolescent orphans with the selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 115 adolescent orphans in orphanage of the Srinagar district between July 2020 and February 2021 using standardized psychological well-being scale given by Carol Ryff. Association of psychological well-being, with its dimensions, and selected demographic variables were assessed. Results: Group mean difference on psychological well-being revealed that double-orphan adolescents have significantly lower psychological well-being as compared to the half-orphan adolescents. The study also revealed that habitat was significantly associated with overall psychological well-being and one of the dimensions of psychological well-being, i.e., positive relations with others. Educational status was found to have a significant association with the autonomy dimension of psychological well-being only, where as the type of orphan shows a significant association with overall psychological well-being and self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being. Time spent in orphanage also shows significant association with purpose in life and self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being. Conclusions: There is a need for organized social support to improve the physical and psychological health of orphans.
{"title":"A Descriptive Study on Psychological Well-Being In Relation to Demographic Variables in Adolescent Orphans of Kashmir Valley","authors":"Tabasum Dilawar, Saleem Yousuf, Ifshana Iliyas","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_348_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_348_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The United Nations Children's Fund and global partners define an orphan as a child who has lost one or both parents. Orphanages, children's villages, or other group residential facilities generally fail to meet young people's emotional and psychological needs. Research indicates that orphaned youth face more negative psychosocial challenges than their younger counterparts do. This study was carried out to find out the association of the psychological well-being of adolescent orphans with the selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 115 adolescent orphans in orphanage of the Srinagar district between July 2020 and February 2021 using standardized psychological well-being scale given by Carol Ryff. Association of psychological well-being, with its dimensions, and selected demographic variables were assessed. Results: Group mean difference on psychological well-being revealed that double-orphan adolescents have significantly lower psychological well-being as compared to the half-orphan adolescents. The study also revealed that habitat was significantly associated with overall psychological well-being and one of the dimensions of psychological well-being, i.e., positive relations with others. Educational status was found to have a significant association with the autonomy dimension of psychological well-being only, where as the type of orphan shows a significant association with overall psychological well-being and self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being. Time spent in orphanage also shows significant association with purpose in life and self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being. Conclusions: There is a need for organized social support to improve the physical and psychological health of orphans.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_267_20
Himanshi Singh, Pradeep Kumar
Abstract Introduction: The Indian Hijra community encompasses persons with a variety of gender identities and sexual orientations, thus forming culturally unique gender group. The sociocultural aspects of Hijras have frequently been the subject of research by anthropologists and sociologists, but there is a dearth of data regarding the mental health problems in them. Methodology: The aim of the study was to assess the self-concept and alexithymia in Hijra community using Self-Concept Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Hindi. Results: The study on thirty Hijras indicated that most of the individuals of Hijra community (96.7%) have low self-concept and only one had average self-concept. While 30% of the sample was nonalexithymics, 26.7% individuals had possible alexithymia and 43.3% were alexithymics. Self-concept was seen to be negatively correlated with alexithymia among individuals of Hijra community. Conclusion: The findings can help clinicians and policymakers to focus on the mental health awareness among these individuals.
{"title":"Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Concept and Alexithymia among Hijra Community of Rohtak, Haryana","authors":"Himanshi Singh, Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_267_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_267_20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The Indian Hijra community encompasses persons with a variety of gender identities and sexual orientations, thus forming culturally unique gender group. The sociocultural aspects of Hijras have frequently been the subject of research by anthropologists and sociologists, but there is a dearth of data regarding the mental health problems in them. Methodology: The aim of the study was to assess the self-concept and alexithymia in Hijra community using Self-Concept Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Hindi. Results: The study on thirty Hijras indicated that most of the individuals of Hijra community (96.7%) have low self-concept and only one had average self-concept. While 30% of the sample was nonalexithymics, 26.7% individuals had possible alexithymia and 43.3% were alexithymics. Self-concept was seen to be negatively correlated with alexithymia among individuals of Hijra community. Conclusion: The findings can help clinicians and policymakers to focus on the mental health awareness among these individuals.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is known to have short and long-term consequences which can have an impact even in adulthood. The objectives of the study were to explore the nature of CSA in individuals attending psychiatric services, the impact of CSA on psychopathology, trauma and attachment beliefs and interpersonal functioning in young adult survivors and factors associated with CSA and its impact. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional exploratory design. The sample comprised of 246 young adult patients attending inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services of a tertiary care hospital in India. The tools used were: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Sexual and Physical Abuse History Questionnaire, abuse-related Beliefs Questionnaire, Sexual Abuse Severity Score, Trauma and Attachment Beliefs Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Social Adjustment-Self Report. Results: About 21% of the sample had a history of CSA; among them 70% were females. The age of CSA ranged between 8 and 12 years. About 34% of them had more than 5 such experiences and about half of them had more than 2 perpetrators with majority of the sample experiencing high coercion. The survivors of CSA had greater levels of psychopathology, trauma and attachment beliefs, difficulties in certain domains of interpersonal functioning in comparison with individuals without a history of CSA. Female gender, poor parental emotional support, and having more than one significant life event contributed to risk of CSA. Poor emotional support from parents and trauma related beliefs predicted psychopathology. Conclusion: The study has implications with respect to the assessment, research and conceptualization of therapy in individuals with a history of CSA.
{"title":"Child Sexual Abuse, Psychopathology, Trauma and Attachment Beliefs and Interpersonal Functioning among Young Adult Survivors Attending Psychiatric Services in India","authors":"Radhika Kolavarambath, Manjula Munivenkatappa, Binumkumar Bhaskarapillai","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_145_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_145_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is known to have short and long-term consequences which can have an impact even in adulthood. The objectives of the study were to explore the nature of CSA in individuals attending psychiatric services, the impact of CSA on psychopathology, trauma and attachment beliefs and interpersonal functioning in young adult survivors and factors associated with CSA and its impact. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional exploratory design. The sample comprised of 246 young adult patients attending inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services of a tertiary care hospital in India. The tools used were: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Sexual and Physical Abuse History Questionnaire, abuse-related Beliefs Questionnaire, Sexual Abuse Severity Score, Trauma and Attachment Beliefs Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Social Adjustment-Self Report. Results: About 21% of the sample had a history of CSA; among them 70% were females. The age of CSA ranged between 8 and 12 years. About 34% of them had more than 5 such experiences and about half of them had more than 2 perpetrators with majority of the sample experiencing high coercion. The survivors of CSA had greater levels of psychopathology, trauma and attachment beliefs, difficulties in certain domains of interpersonal functioning in comparison with individuals without a history of CSA. Female gender, poor parental emotional support, and having more than one significant life event contributed to risk of CSA. Poor emotional support from parents and trauma related beliefs predicted psychopathology. Conclusion: The study has implications with respect to the assessment, research and conceptualization of therapy in individuals with a history of CSA.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_336_21
Aparna Verma, Preeti Gupta, Vikas Kumar
Abstract Background: According to the World Health Organization, substance dependence is persistent or sporadic drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice. Substance dependence is showing a rising trend all over the world, and these disorders are rapidly recognized throughout in India. It is considered as a major cause of preventable ill health, social harm, and premature death throughout the population. As compared to the general population, those with substance use disorders are 5.3% more likely to die from suicide. There are several distal or predisposing risk factors associated with suicidal behavior such as personality traits, childhood trauma, and family history of suicide. Therefore, the present study is to compare and examine the distal factors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA) with patients without SI and SA (WS) in patients with substance dependence. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at the inpatient departments of Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi. Purposive sampling of sixty patients was done to further divide them into Group 1 (SI), Group 2 (SA), and Group 3 (WS). The sample was purposively collected to include sixty patients with substance dependence. They were screened by using the Addiction Severity Index scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Suicide Intent Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the NEO five-factor inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) were administered to assess SI, SA, childhood trauma and personality traits, respectively. Results: The present study reveals that all the personality domains except conscientiousness on NEO-FFI 3 may have importance in differentiating the substance-dependent patients with SI/SA from WS patients. Only physical and emotional abuse on CTQ may be a significant distal factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, whereas physical abuse may have more significance for SAs in substance dependence patients. Family history of suicide was not significant in patients with SI/SA. Conclusions: These findings may assist in formulation of therapeutic strategies for suicidal patients of substance dependence.
{"title":"Distal Factors of Suicidal Behavior among Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Comparative Study","authors":"Aparna Verma, Preeti Gupta, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_336_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_336_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: According to the World Health Organization, substance dependence is persistent or sporadic drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice. Substance dependence is showing a rising trend all over the world, and these disorders are rapidly recognized throughout in India. It is considered as a major cause of preventable ill health, social harm, and premature death throughout the population. As compared to the general population, those with substance use disorders are 5.3% more likely to die from suicide. There are several distal or predisposing risk factors associated with suicidal behavior such as personality traits, childhood trauma, and family history of suicide. Therefore, the present study is to compare and examine the distal factors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA) with patients without SI and SA (WS) in patients with substance dependence. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at the inpatient departments of Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi. Purposive sampling of sixty patients was done to further divide them into Group 1 (SI), Group 2 (SA), and Group 3 (WS). The sample was purposively collected to include sixty patients with substance dependence. They were screened by using the Addiction Severity Index scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Suicide Intent Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the NEO five-factor inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) were administered to assess SI, SA, childhood trauma and personality traits, respectively. Results: The present study reveals that all the personality domains except conscientiousness on NEO-FFI 3 may have importance in differentiating the substance-dependent patients with SI/SA from WS patients. Only physical and emotional abuse on CTQ may be a significant distal factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, whereas physical abuse may have more significance for SAs in substance dependence patients. Family history of suicide was not significant in patients with SI/SA. Conclusions: These findings may assist in formulation of therapeutic strategies for suicidal patients of substance dependence.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_356_21
S. Kailash, Arshdeep Kaur, K. Sureshkumar, A. Rajalakshmi
Depression is a chronic debilitating illness that causes functional impairment significantly affecting physical, mental, and social well-being of the individual, further impacting lives of their relatives. Majority of studies done in the past were on caregivers of patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or chronic physical illnesses. We assessed caregiver burden in the caregivers of depressive disorder patients by using Montgomery Borgatta Caregiving Burden Scale. The study population had significantly higher proportion of subjective stress burden (70%) whereas subjective demand burden and objective burden were seen in 22.5% and 37.5% of caregivers respectively. Younger age, female, spouses, and nuclear family type were significantly associated with the presence of caregiver burden. High prevalence of caregiver burden was observed in caregivers of depressive disorder patients, which could predispose caregivers to develop psychiatric comorbidities. Thus, early interventions and teaching them better coping strategies could help in the reduction of caregiver distress.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Depressive Disorder","authors":"S. Kailash, Arshdeep Kaur, K. Sureshkumar, A. Rajalakshmi","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_356_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_356_21","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Depression is a chronic debilitating illness that causes functional impairment significantly affecting physical, mental, and social well-being of the individual, further impacting lives of their relatives. Majority of studies done in the past were on caregivers of patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or chronic physical illnesses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We assessed caregiver burden in the caregivers of depressive disorder patients by using Montgomery Borgatta Caregiving Burden Scale.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study population had significantly higher proportion of subjective stress burden (70%) whereas subjective demand burden and objective burden were seen in 22.5% and 37.5% of caregivers respectively. Younger age, female, spouses, and nuclear family type were significantly associated with the presence of caregiver burden.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 High prevalence of caregiver burden was observed in caregivers of depressive disorder patients, which could predispose caregivers to develop psychiatric comorbidities. Thus, early interventions and teaching them better coping strategies could help in the reduction of caregiver distress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_341_21
K. Subedi, K. Yadav, Rajan Sharma, Bishal Poudel, Aashma Sapkota, Shristi Chapagain
Many psychological problems including stress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, frustration, denial, anger, and fear emerged during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This study was done to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and fear experienced by health-care workers (HWs) during COVID-19 in Nepal. This was web-based analytical cross-sectional study conducted among health-care workers from December 27, 2020, to February 28, 2021, all over Nepal. All the HWs including doctors, nurses, and allied health-care professional from 7 provinces were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data collection was done using the validated questionnaires. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to find the association between the different variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. A total of 608 HWs completed the survey with a mean age of 30.82 ± 6.68. About 27% had symptoms of depression, 28% anxiety, 10% stress, 18% insomnia, and 49.8% fear of COVID-19. Resident doctors and health workers who had bachelor level of education and working experience <2 years were significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing depression and anxiety. Health workers working 2–5 years and with more than 5 years’ experience had significantly lower odds of experiencing fear. History of tobacco use or medical condition had significantly higher odds of experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and fear. This study concluded that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fear was found to be high. Resident doctors and health workers with bachelor level of education, working experience <2 years, and history of medical condition were significantly associated with experiencing adverse mental health outcomes.
{"title":"Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Health-care Workers in Nepal","authors":"K. Subedi, K. Yadav, Rajan Sharma, Bishal Poudel, Aashma Sapkota, Shristi Chapagain","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_341_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_341_21","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Many psychological problems including stress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, frustration, denial, anger, and fear emerged during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was done to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and fear experienced by health-care workers (HWs) during COVID-19 in Nepal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was web-based analytical cross-sectional study conducted among health-care workers from December 27, 2020, to February 28, 2021, all over Nepal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All the HWs including doctors, nurses, and allied health-care professional from 7 provinces were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data collection was done using the validated questionnaires.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to find the association between the different variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 608 HWs completed the survey with a mean age of 30.82 ± 6.68. About 27% had symptoms of depression, 28% anxiety, 10% stress, 18% insomnia, and 49.8% fear of COVID-19. Resident doctors and health workers who had bachelor level of education and working experience <2 years were significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing depression and anxiety. Health workers working 2–5 years and with more than 5 years’ experience had significantly lower odds of experiencing fear. History of tobacco use or medical condition had significantly higher odds of experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and fear.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study concluded that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fear was found to be high. Resident doctors and health workers with bachelor level of education, working experience <2 years, and history of medical condition were significantly associated with experiencing adverse mental health outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_349_21
M. Bhat, A. Kakunje, Rajesh Mithur
Dissociative disorder is a condition characterized by disruption of the normal continuity and integration of consciousness, memory, identity, motor functioning, and behavior. The aim of the study was to study the various psychosocial factors that influence the dissociative episodes in patients. We also looked at the clinical profile and the relation between the type and levels of dissociation with levels of stress in the study sample. This descriptive, cross-sectional study with serial sampling had 50 participants who were diagnosed with dissociation as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. The study was conducted after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Dissociative experience of the patients was measured using Severity of Dissociative Symptoms-Adult (Brief Dissociative Experiences Scale [DES-B]-Modified) and stress levels were measured using Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. The study showed that dissociation was more common among females from urban population, who were single and among students. Dissociative convulsions were found to be the most common type of dissociation in our culture. DES-B showed moderate-to-severe types of dissociative experience in the sample. In 46% of the participants, family conflicts acted as the most common stressor precipitating episodes. There was a psychodynamic connection/explanation between the perceived stress and the presenting complaint. This study highlights the common dissociations, stressors, and the difference seen among males and females. There is a need to understand the stressors of a patient presenting with dissociation for better psychological management.
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