Neuroendocrine carcinoma are rare tumor which begin in specialized cells called neuroendocrine cells. It can occur anywhere in the body. Most neuroendocrine tumors occur in the lungs, appendix, small intestine, rectum and pancreas. We reported a case of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 65 year old lady who had presented with a history of right nasal obstruction, bloody nasal discharge, and recurrent epistaxis. On examination, a red, friable, polypoid mass with a tendency to bleed was seen in the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography revealed there was a enhancing expansile necrotic mass in right nasal cavity abutting the medial nasal wall. There was presence of mucosal thickening with inspissated secretion in all sinuses except left maxillary sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic removal of the tumour. Biopsy revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma of right nasal cavity. Immunohistochemistry revealed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. After that, the patient had postoperative external radiation treatment with a 6600 cGy dosage administered over 33 fractions. The patient had routine follow-up at the radiation oncology and otolaryngology outpatient departments throughout a 12-month period. During the postoperative month-to-month follow-up, there was no evidence of a local tumour recurrence in the endoscopy.
{"title":"Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case report.","authors":"Rohan Malla Baruah, Avinava Ghosh, Shobhashree Baishya","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-04026-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-04026-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine carcinoma are rare tumor which begin in specialized cells called neuroendocrine cells. It can occur anywhere in the body. Most neuroendocrine tumors occur in the lungs, appendix, small intestine, rectum and pancreas. We reported a case of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 65 year old lady who had presented with a history of right nasal obstruction, bloody nasal discharge, and recurrent epistaxis. On examination, a red, friable, polypoid mass with a tendency to bleed was seen in the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography revealed there was a enhancing expansile necrotic mass in right nasal cavity abutting the medial nasal wall. There was presence of mucosal thickening with inspissated secretion in all sinuses except left maxillary sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic removal of the tumour. Biopsy revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma of right nasal cavity. Immunohistochemistry revealed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. After that, the patient had postoperative external radiation treatment with a 6600 cGy dosage administered over 33 fractions. The patient had routine follow-up at the radiation oncology and otolaryngology outpatient departments throughout a 12-month period. During the postoperative month-to-month follow-up, there was no evidence of a local tumour recurrence in the endoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"37 1","pages":"4003-4006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76502797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timirkant J. Takwani, K. M. Odedra, Priyam Singh, Kalpesh V. Chandrani
Coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019-associated mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection with an unpredictable outcome and poor prognosis, including a permanent vision loss. It could potentially trigger and amplify mental health problems, and the social support has been known to buffer the negative impact of such a large-scale stressor on mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress with the level of perceived social support and correlation between them in patients with COVID-associated mucormycosis. This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 100 patients of mucormycosis at a tertiary care hospital, and the patients were enrolled by a convenience sampling method on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression, anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with a self-constructed semi-structured pro-forma were used to collect the required data. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 49%, 80%, and 56%, respectively. 8.0% perceived low, 65.0% perceived medium, and 27.0% perceived a high social support. No correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress with the perceived social support was found. Our study highlights the burden of psychological issues in mucormycosis patients. Psychiatric implications can be of paramount importance while dealing with pandemics, and therefore, a routine mental health assessment and timely psychological and social interventions can reduce the adverse impact on mental health outcomes.
{"title":"Assessment of Psychological Distress and Perceived Social Support in the Patients of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis","authors":"Timirkant J. Takwani, K. M. Odedra, Priyam Singh, Kalpesh V. Chandrani","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_68_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_68_22","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019-associated mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection with an unpredictable outcome and poor prognosis, including a permanent vision loss. It could potentially trigger and amplify mental health problems, and the social support has been known to buffer the negative impact of such a large-scale stressor on mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress with the level of perceived social support and correlation between them in patients with COVID-associated mucormycosis. This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 100 patients of mucormycosis at a tertiary care hospital, and the patients were enrolled by a convenience sampling method on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression, anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with a self-constructed semi-structured pro-forma were used to collect the required data. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 49%, 80%, and 56%, respectively. 8.0% perceived low, 65.0% perceived medium, and 27.0% perceived a high social support. No correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress with the perceived social support was found. Our study highlights the burden of psychological issues in mucormycosis patients. Psychiatric implications can be of paramount importance while dealing with pandemics, and therefore, a routine mental health assessment and timely psychological and social interventions can reduce the adverse impact on mental health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_197_22
Sunday Oladotun Adeyemo, D. Olayinka-Aliu, Abayomi Akindele-Oscar, Richard Aborishade, C. OYAFUNKE-OMONIYI, O. Adeleke, O. Bawalla, Ademolu Oluwaseun Adenuga
The choice of method of dying by suicide can determine the lethality of a suicide attempt, especially among males and females. However, a less attention has been paid to this area of research among Nigerian authors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of completed suicide across methods of suicide among decedents and to examine the odds ratio of males using hanging or poisoning methods. This retrospective chart-based study was conducted among those who died by suicide and whose cases were reported at the police stations. The data were collected by checking the files at the homicide and suicide departments at the police headquarters in southwest Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained for the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that 78.3% were male, while females were 21.7%. 53.7% of the sampled population died by hanging and 23.2% died by poisoning. 8.9% of the decedents died by self-harm suicide. Suicide choices traceable to mental illness and jumping/drowning were 6.4% and 6.4%, respectively, while suicide by gunshot (1.5%) was less prominent. Furthermore, the result showed that there was a 3% likelihood that a male would die by hanging. Males are 3% more likely to die by hanging and are less likely to die by poisoning.
{"title":"Gender Differential in the Choice of Methods of Dying by Suicide in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Sunday Oladotun Adeyemo, D. Olayinka-Aliu, Abayomi Akindele-Oscar, Richard Aborishade, C. OYAFUNKE-OMONIYI, O. Adeleke, O. Bawalla, Ademolu Oluwaseun Adenuga","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_197_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_197_22","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of method of dying by suicide can determine the lethality of a suicide attempt, especially among males and females. However, a less attention has been paid to this area of research among Nigerian authors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of completed suicide across methods of suicide among decedents and to examine the odds ratio of males using hanging or poisoning methods. This retrospective chart-based study was conducted among those who died by suicide and whose cases were reported at the police stations. The data were collected by checking the files at the homicide and suicide departments at the police headquarters in southwest Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained for the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that 78.3% were male, while females were 21.7%. 53.7% of the sampled population died by hanging and 23.2% died by poisoning. 8.9% of the decedents died by self-harm suicide. Suicide choices traceable to mental illness and jumping/drowning were 6.4% and 6.4%, respectively, while suicide by gunshot (1.5%) was less prominent. Furthermore, the result showed that there was a 3% likelihood that a male would die by hanging. Males are 3% more likely to die by hanging and are less likely to die by poisoning.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyanshi Vikas Shah, Mansi P. Somaiya, A. Subramanyam
Adolescents and young adults place significant value to appearance. Medical students are likely to be vulnerable to dissatisfaction with appearance and maladaptive eating attitudes. This study was designed to study the eating attitudes, body image perception, and self-esteem in MBBS students and their correlations with each other and with body mass index (BMI), to identify students at risk and possibly plan measures for intervention. A study was conducted on 700 medical students (including interns), with electronic questionnaires assessing sociodemographic data, eating attitudes, body image perception, and self-esteem. Using the Chi-square tests and t-tests, the parameters were studied and correlations using Spearman’s rank correlation were established. Students with a higher BMI were at a greater risk of eating disorder (ED), higher concerns with body perception, and lowered self-esteem. Those with a higher risk of ED were associated with body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Body image distortions were associated with low self-esteem. ED risk is associated with body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem in medical students. Future studies are required to establish this relation.
青少年和年轻人非常重视外表。医科学生很可能容易对外貌不满意，并产生不适应的饮食态度。 本研究旨在研究医学学士学位学生的饮食态度、身体形象认知和自尊，以及它们之间和与身体质量指数（BMI）之间的相互关系，以识别高危学生并制定可能的干预措施。 研究以 700 名医科学生（包括实习生）为对象，通过电子问卷对社会人口学数据、饮食态度、身体形象认知和自尊进行了评估。利用卡方检验和 t 检验对参数进行了研究，并利用斯皮尔曼等级相关性建立了相关性。 体重指数（BMI）越高的学生患饮食失调（ED）的风险越大，对身体形象认知的关注度越高，自尊心越低。饮食失调风险较高的学生对身体不满意，自尊心较低。身体形象扭曲与自卑有关。 医学生的ED风险与身体不满意和自卑有关。未来的研究需要确定这种关系。
{"title":"A Study on Assess and Correlations between Eating Attitudes, Body Image Perception and Self-esteem in Medical Students of Mumbai","authors":"Priyanshi Vikas Shah, Mansi P. Somaiya, A. Subramanyam","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_74_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents and young adults place significant value to appearance. Medical students are likely to be vulnerable to dissatisfaction with appearance and maladaptive eating attitudes. This study was designed to study the eating attitudes, body image perception, and self-esteem in MBBS students and their correlations with each other and with body mass index (BMI), to identify students at risk and possibly plan measures for intervention. A study was conducted on 700 medical students (including interns), with electronic questionnaires assessing sociodemographic data, eating attitudes, body image perception, and self-esteem. Using the Chi-square tests and t-tests, the parameters were studied and correlations using Spearman’s rank correlation were established. Students with a higher BMI were at a greater risk of eating disorder (ED), higher concerns with body perception, and lowered self-esteem. Those with a higher risk of ED were associated with body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Body image distortions were associated with low self-esteem. ED risk is associated with body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem in medical students. Future studies are required to establish this relation.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_212_22
Jigar G. Patel, Nikita P. Ravtani, Prashant M. Bamania, Prakash I. Mehta, Nidhi P. Marvania
The National Mental Health Survey estimated that about 10.6% of the population currently suffered from a mental disorder. The treatment gap was found to be 76%–85% in developing countries. To get the large Indian population involved in their own mental health, the only way forward is through enhancing awareness on mental health. The aim of this study was to know about awareness of five concerned mental disorders, i.e., depression, anxiety, mania, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder among the rural population of India. A total of 1000 samples were collected randomly from seven villages of Ahmedabad district. Participants were aged 18 years or above. The questionnaire consisted of description and pictorial representation of five mental illnesses, namely, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, and substance use disorder, in Gujarati language. The participants were asked if they could identify the characteristics as disorders and whether it was treatable by a doctor. The awareness of participants was determined based on that. In our study, out of 1000 participants, we found that 577 (57.7%) participants could identify mental disorders and 518 (51.8%) acknowledged that the latter were medically treatable. Only 493 (49.3%) were aware of both. Out of 577 participants who could identify the disorders, 146 (14.6%) participants were not aware about the treatment availability by a doctor. There was no significant difference in awareness across different sociodemographic variables. There is poor awareness regarding mental health disorders and treatment availability for the same among the rural population of Ahmedabad.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Awareness about Five Concerned Mental Disorders among the Rural Population of Ahmedabad District","authors":"Jigar G. Patel, Nikita P. Ravtani, Prashant M. Bamania, Prakash I. Mehta, Nidhi P. Marvania","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_212_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_212_22","url":null,"abstract":"The National Mental Health Survey estimated that about 10.6% of the population currently suffered from a mental disorder. The treatment gap was found to be 76%–85% in developing countries. To get the large Indian population involved in their own mental health, the only way forward is through enhancing awareness on mental health. The aim of this study was to know about awareness of five concerned mental disorders, i.e., depression, anxiety, mania, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder among the rural population of India. A total of 1000 samples were collected randomly from seven villages of Ahmedabad district. Participants were aged 18 years or above. The questionnaire consisted of description and pictorial representation of five mental illnesses, namely, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, and substance use disorder, in Gujarati language. The participants were asked if they could identify the characteristics as disorders and whether it was treatable by a doctor. The awareness of participants was determined based on that. In our study, out of 1000 participants, we found that 577 (57.7%) participants could identify mental disorders and 518 (51.8%) acknowledged that the latter were medically treatable. Only 493 (49.3%) were aware of both. Out of 577 participants who could identify the disorders, 146 (14.6%) participants were not aware about the treatment availability by a doctor. There was no significant difference in awareness across different sociodemographic variables. There is poor awareness regarding mental health disorders and treatment availability for the same among the rural population of Ahmedabad.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_205_22
E. Heylen, K. Srinivasan, Ruben Johnson-Pradeep, Maria L. Ekstrand
Mental illness (MI) remains stigmatized globally, including in India, where suicide and suicidality have been rising. Internalization of society’s negative stereotypes by people with MI is known as internalized MI stigma. The present paper examined the prevalence of internalized MI stigma in a large sample of rural Indian participants with comorbid chronic medical conditions and previously undiagnosed, mostly mild-to-moderate depression/anxiety. It further examined correlates of internalized MI stigma and its association with suicidality. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at four-time points with adults with depression/anxiety and chronic physical illness in primary health centers in Ramanagaram, Karnataka. Topics included demographics, social support, depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale), anxiety (7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale), suicidality (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and internalized MI stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness [ISMI] scale). Data analysis included linear and hierarchical logistic regression. At baseline, 29.1% of participants showed a high level of internalized stigma, and 10.4% exhibited at least moderate suicidality. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that every 1-point increase on the ISMI scale more than tripled the odds of moderate to high suicidality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.24). Those being at least moderately depressed/anxious were 2.4 times more likely to be at least moderately suicidal than participants with no-mild depression/anxiety. Social support lowered the odds of suicidality (AOR 0.44). Internalized MI stigma and suicidality were substantial among these rural adults with mostly mild-to-moderate anxiety/depression. Higher stigma was associated with increased suicidality, independently of depression/anxiety. Therefore, efforts to reduce internalized MI stigma should be included in mental health treatment.
{"title":"Internalized Mental Illness Stigma is Linked to Suicidality in Rural Indian Adults with Depression or Anxiety and Chronic Physical Illness","authors":"E. Heylen, K. Srinivasan, Ruben Johnson-Pradeep, Maria L. Ekstrand","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_205_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_205_22","url":null,"abstract":"Mental illness (MI) remains stigmatized globally, including in India, where suicide and suicidality have been rising. Internalization of society’s negative stereotypes by people with MI is known as internalized MI stigma. The present paper examined the prevalence of internalized MI stigma in a large sample of rural Indian participants with comorbid chronic medical conditions and previously undiagnosed, mostly mild-to-moderate depression/anxiety. It further examined correlates of internalized MI stigma and its association with suicidality. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at four-time points with adults with depression/anxiety and chronic physical illness in primary health centers in Ramanagaram, Karnataka. Topics included demographics, social support, depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale), anxiety (7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale), suicidality (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and internalized MI stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness [ISMI] scale). Data analysis included linear and hierarchical logistic regression. At baseline, 29.1% of participants showed a high level of internalized stigma, and 10.4% exhibited at least moderate suicidality. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that every 1-point increase on the ISMI scale more than tripled the odds of moderate to high suicidality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.24). Those being at least moderately depressed/anxious were 2.4 times more likely to be at least moderately suicidal than participants with no-mild depression/anxiety. Social support lowered the odds of suicidality (AOR 0.44). Internalized MI stigma and suicidality were substantial among these rural adults with mostly mild-to-moderate anxiety/depression. Higher stigma was associated with increased suicidality, independently of depression/anxiety. Therefore, efforts to reduce internalized MI stigma should be included in mental health treatment.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_261_22
Ravi Kumar Garg, Kranti Garg, Vishal Chopra
Clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mimics many respiratory ailments. The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and subsequent state-imposed lockdown on patients presenting with respiratory complaints. This was a prospective study on 82 outpatients at a tertiary care institute from North India during the period of strict lockdown. Baseline assessment was conducted using socioclinical pro forma, COVID-19-related questionnaire, lockdown-related questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) Hindi version. Reassessment was done twice: immediately and 41–45 days after relaxation of strict lockdown. Quality of life (QOL) at first and second follow-up versus the prelockdown times (Score A and Score C) and first follow-up versus unlockdown (Score B) was noted. Psychological distress was experienced in 45.1% and 17.1% of patients at baseline and first follow-up (P < 0.001). Clinical symptoms, worry for COVID-19, negative thoughts, and total score (lockdown) decreased significantly at first follow-up. The mean C score was significantly better than the mean A score (P < 0.001). Baseline and follow-up psychological distress was significantly more in those with poorer values of total score (lockdown) and its domains. On logistic regression, follow-up GHQ-12 correlated positively with Domain 2 (P = 0.027; odds ratio [OR] = 0.7) and “worry for COVID” (P = 0.017; OR = 10.136). Persons presenting with respiratory complaints and experiencing “worry for COVID-19” at the start of the lockdown were more likely to also experience psychological distress, which decreased significantly but persisted for prolonged periods even after relaxation in lockdown. Policymakers, while indulging in mental health planning in pandemics, should not ignore this issue of development and perpetuation of psychological distress in such otherwise “psychologically normal” individuals.
{"title":"Psychosocial Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Related State-imposed Lockdown on Patients Presenting with Respiratory Complaints: A Study from North India","authors":"Ravi Kumar Garg, Kranti Garg, Vishal Chopra","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_261_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_261_22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mimics many respiratory ailments. The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and subsequent state-imposed lockdown on patients presenting with respiratory complaints. This was a prospective study on 82 outpatients at a tertiary care institute from North India during the period of strict lockdown. Baseline assessment was conducted using socioclinical pro forma, COVID-19-related questionnaire, lockdown-related questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) Hindi version. Reassessment was done twice: immediately and 41–45 days after relaxation of strict lockdown. Quality of life (QOL) at first and second follow-up versus the prelockdown times (Score A and Score C) and first follow-up versus unlockdown (Score B) was noted. Psychological distress was experienced in 45.1% and 17.1% of patients at baseline and first follow-up (P < 0.001). Clinical symptoms, worry for COVID-19, negative thoughts, and total score (lockdown) decreased significantly at first follow-up. The mean C score was significantly better than the mean A score (P < 0.001). Baseline and follow-up psychological distress was significantly more in those with poorer values of total score (lockdown) and its domains. On logistic regression, follow-up GHQ-12 correlated positively with Domain 2 (P = 0.027; odds ratio [OR] = 0.7) and “worry for COVID” (P = 0.017; OR = 10.136). Persons presenting with respiratory complaints and experiencing “worry for COVID-19” at the start of the lockdown were more likely to also experience psychological distress, which decreased significantly but persisted for prolonged periods even after relaxation in lockdown. Policymakers, while indulging in mental health planning in pandemics, should not ignore this issue of development and perpetuation of psychological distress in such otherwise “psychologically normal” individuals.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epilepsy is a chronic condition with numerous social and psychological consequences. There are numerous psychological and social factors associated with epilepsy, such as anxiety, depression, and stigma. These factors are prone to have poorer self-esteem, leading to lower quality of life (QOL). The purpose of the current review was to identify the evidence on the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment programs in epilepsy aimed at enhancing the overall QOL in people with epilepsy. Various online databases such as Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain the literature using appropriate search terms/keywords. A total of 68 articles with full texts were reviewed, of which 12 articles (11 randomized studies and 1 nonrandomized study) met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample size of 1712 participants. The methodological quality of the randomized studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Various psychosocial treatment programs significantly improved the QOL, self-management, and drug adherence and reduced stigma among persons with epilepsy. However, there was no evidence for effects on epilepsy self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, knowledge, and seizure frequency among persons with epilepsy. Planned psychosocial treatment programs showed significantly important benefit on a number of outcomes but found limited evidence in reducing anxiety, depression, seizure frequency, and improving knowledge among persons with epilepsy. Thus further research is needed to target those specific outcomes. Psychosocial treatment programs must be incorporated by all health-care personnel as an integral part of epilepsy care to promote patients’ optimum well-being.
{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness of Psychosocial Treatment Programs in Epilepsy","authors":"Rinki Ghosh, A. Baruah","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_75_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_75_22","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a chronic condition with numerous social and psychological consequences. There are numerous psychological and social factors associated with epilepsy, such as anxiety, depression, and stigma. These factors are prone to have poorer self-esteem, leading to lower quality of life (QOL). The purpose of the current review was to identify the evidence on the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment programs in epilepsy aimed at enhancing the overall QOL in people with epilepsy. Various online databases such as Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain the literature using appropriate search terms/keywords. A total of 68 articles with full texts were reviewed, of which 12 articles (11 randomized studies and 1 nonrandomized study) met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample size of 1712 participants. The methodological quality of the randomized studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Various psychosocial treatment programs significantly improved the QOL, self-management, and drug adherence and reduced stigma among persons with epilepsy. However, there was no evidence for effects on epilepsy self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, knowledge, and seizure frequency among persons with epilepsy. Planned psychosocial treatment programs showed significantly important benefit on a number of outcomes but found limited evidence in reducing anxiety, depression, seizure frequency, and improving knowledge among persons with epilepsy. Thus further research is needed to target those specific outcomes. Psychosocial treatment programs must be incorporated by all health-care personnel as an integral part of epilepsy care to promote patients’ optimum well-being.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_123_23
Manisha Palawat, G. Charan, Amanpreet Kaur, Shatrughan Pareek
Body image is a critical aspect of a person’s mental and physical well-being. Social media platforms can provide opportunities to connect with peers, express themselves, and explore different identities. The prevalence of social media usage among teenage girls has raised concerns about the impact of sexualized images on their body image and well-being. The sexualization of social media and its impact on teen girls can be attributed to various factors. These factors such as peer comparison, peer influence, celebrity culture, cultural norms, social media algorithms, and advertising strategies play a significant role in promoting unrealistic beauty ideals. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and understand how these factors contribute to the issue. The negative impact of sexualized images includes internalization of beauty standards, negative body image, increased risk of eating disorders, psychosexual health issues, impaired mental health, and objectification of girls. To address this issue, several potential solutions and strategies are proposed. These include promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills to help girls recognize the unrealistic nature of beauty standards portrayed on social media. Encouraging body positivity and diversity is essential to redefine beauty ideals. Open communication among parents, educators, and girls can create a supportive environment to discuss body image concerns. Mental health support and limiting social media exposure are crucial in mitigating the negative effects of sexualized images. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for government intervention to protect vulnerable users and encourage responsible platform management. Suggested policies and measures include age verification systems, robust content moderation, clear reporting mechanisms, and industry-wide guidelines for content and advertising.
{"title":"Social Media’s Seductive Spell – Unraveling the Impact on Teen Girls","authors":"Manisha Palawat, G. Charan, Amanpreet Kaur, Shatrughan Pareek","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_123_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_123_23","url":null,"abstract":"Body image is a critical aspect of a person’s mental and physical well-being. Social media platforms can provide opportunities to connect with peers, express themselves, and explore different identities. The prevalence of social media usage among teenage girls has raised concerns about the impact of sexualized images on their body image and well-being. The sexualization of social media and its impact on teen girls can be attributed to various factors. These factors such as peer comparison, peer influence, celebrity culture, cultural norms, social media algorithms, and advertising strategies play a significant role in promoting unrealistic beauty ideals. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and understand how these factors contribute to the issue. The negative impact of sexualized images includes internalization of beauty standards, negative body image, increased risk of eating disorders, psychosexual health issues, impaired mental health, and objectification of girls. To address this issue, several potential solutions and strategies are proposed. These include promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills to help girls recognize the unrealistic nature of beauty standards portrayed on social media. Encouraging body positivity and diversity is essential to redefine beauty ideals. Open communication among parents, educators, and girls can create a supportive environment to discuss body image concerns. Mental health support and limiting social media exposure are crucial in mitigating the negative effects of sexualized images. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for government intervention to protect vulnerable users and encourage responsible platform management. Suggested policies and measures include age verification systems, robust content moderation, clear reporting mechanisms, and industry-wide guidelines for content and advertising.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary care physicians are not adequately trained to tackle mental health problems. The study aimed to evaluate undergraduate training in Psychiatry: An observational perspective of medical officers. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in North India. Participants were assessed on a self-designed questionnaire developed by the Indian psychiatric society to assess various aspects of undergraduate training. Other questionnaires measured residents’ satisfaction with the quality of training programs and perceived need for psychiatric training in undergraduate courses. The participant’s mean age was 32.4 years; majorities were male medical officers. About one-tenth reported that there were no separate psychiatry departments and designated psychiatry consultants in their college. Approximately 50% reported: No regular supervision by any psychiatric faculty or having psychiatric disorders discussions in clinical rounds. More than half (50.9%) were not confident enough to identify common signs and symptoms of psychiatric problems. From one-third to half of the participants were unsatisfied with various aspects of the training program, like teaching skills, diagnostic interviews, clinical posting, etc. Majority (77.3%–83.7%) agreed that there is a need to improve the psychiatry training program; during the clinic rounds, psychiatric diagnosis should be discussed, and psychiatry should be a separate subject in under-graduation. Primary health-care physicians were unsatisfied with an undergraduate psychiatry training program. Hence, psychiatry should be an independent subject during the undergraduate training program, with dedicated theoretical and clinical hours for psychiatry training and a separate paper for evaluation.
{"title":"Undergraduate Training in Psychiatry: Observational Perspective of Medical Officers Working at Primary Health-care Settings","authors":"A. Mehra, Arvind Rana, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_95_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_95_23","url":null,"abstract":"Primary care physicians are not adequately trained to tackle mental health problems. The study aimed to evaluate undergraduate training in Psychiatry: An observational perspective of medical officers. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in North India. Participants were assessed on a self-designed questionnaire developed by the Indian psychiatric society to assess various aspects of undergraduate training. Other questionnaires measured residents’ satisfaction with the quality of training programs and perceived need for psychiatric training in undergraduate courses. The participant’s mean age was 32.4 years; majorities were male medical officers. About one-tenth reported that there were no separate psychiatry departments and designated psychiatry consultants in their college. Approximately 50% reported: No regular supervision by any psychiatric faculty or having psychiatric disorders discussions in clinical rounds. More than half (50.9%) were not confident enough to identify common signs and symptoms of psychiatric problems. From one-third to half of the participants were unsatisfied with various aspects of the training program, like teaching skills, diagnostic interviews, clinical posting, etc. Majority (77.3%–83.7%) agreed that there is a need to improve the psychiatry training program; during the clinic rounds, psychiatric diagnosis should be discussed, and psychiatry should be a separate subject in under-graduation. Primary health-care physicians were unsatisfied with an undergraduate psychiatry training program. Hence, psychiatry should be an independent subject during the undergraduate training program, with dedicated theoretical and clinical hours for psychiatry training and a separate paper for evaluation.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号