F. Yamazaki, Wakana Kobayashi, Manayo Suenaga, Kana Tsuchimoto
{"title":"Acute influence of mild cycle exercise on cold sensory function in young women with awareness of cold constitution","authors":"F. Yamazaki, Wakana Kobayashi, Manayo Suenaga, Kana Tsuchimoto","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yasuoka, Takeshi Nakamura, Y. Umemoto, T. Kinoshita, S. Hoekstra, Keisuke Hoshiai, H. Ohko, M. Abo, F. Tajima
{"title":"An 18-hole round of golf acutely elevates serum interleukin-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration - a pilot study","authors":"Y. Yasuoka, Takeshi Nakamura, Y. Umemoto, T. Kinoshita, S. Hoekstra, Keisuke Hoshiai, H. Ohko, M. Abo, F. Tajima","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42236734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyo Kamio, H. Maruyama, Nozomi Ito, M. Kunieda, Ayaka Chiba, Yorimitsu Furukawa
{"title":"Effect of hip adduction/abduction contraction on pelvic floor in young healthy women","authors":"Hiroyo Kamio, H. Maruyama, Nozomi Ito, M. Kunieda, Ayaka Chiba, Yorimitsu Furukawa","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47884387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shinsuke Tamai, Hiroaki Hiraoka, K. Shimizu, Keisuke Miyake, Daisuke Hoshi, Kai Aoki, Koki Yanazawa, T. Sugasawa, K. Takekoshi, Koichi Watanabe
Physical fatigue accompanying athletic training has been a problem for ages. While salivary cortisol has traditionally been used to assess physical stressors, salivary human herpesvirus 6 and/or 7 (HHV-6/7) have recently been presented as novel microbiological markers. Thus, we examined differences in the short-term variabilities of salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels in athletes. We collected saliva samples from 14 healthy male university judo athletes who participated in a three-day training camp pre- and post-training each day to measure salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels. Simultaneously, the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition rates and total mood disturbance (TMD) scores in the Profile of Mood States were measured as indicators of physical and psychological stressors, respectively. The plasma SOD inhibition rates significantly increased post-training, but the TMD scores did not change; thus, the physical stressors were relatively higher than the psychological stressors during the training camp. Salivary HHV-6/7 levels increased post-training with a significant main effect of training, but no changes were observed in the daily levels. Only salivary HHV-7 levels showed a significant training × elapsed day interaction. Salivary cortisol levels showed a significant main effect of training, but its levels decreased post-training. These findings suggest that salivary HHV-6/7 are sensitive markers of physical fatigue more than salivary cortisol.
{"title":"Variabilities of salivary human herpesvirus 6/7 and cortisol levels during a three-day training camp in judo athletes","authors":"Shinsuke Tamai, Hiroaki Hiraoka, K. Shimizu, Keisuke Miyake, Daisuke Hoshi, Kai Aoki, Koki Yanazawa, T. Sugasawa, K. Takekoshi, Koichi Watanabe","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.43","url":null,"abstract":"Physical fatigue accompanying athletic training has been a problem for ages. While salivary cortisol has traditionally been used to assess physical stressors, salivary human herpesvirus 6 and/or 7 (HHV-6/7) have recently been presented as novel microbiological markers. Thus, we examined differences in the short-term variabilities of salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels in athletes. We collected saliva samples from 14 healthy male university judo athletes who participated in a three-day training camp pre- and post-training each day to measure salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels. Simultaneously, the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition rates and total mood disturbance (TMD) scores in the Profile of Mood States were measured as indicators of physical and psychological stressors, respectively. The plasma SOD inhibition rates significantly increased post-training, but the TMD scores did not change; thus, the physical stressors were relatively higher than the psychological stressors during the training camp. Salivary HHV-6/7 levels increased post-training with a significant main effect of training, but no changes were observed in the daily levels. Only salivary HHV-7 levels showed a significant training × elapsed day interaction. Salivary cortisol levels showed a significant main effect of training, but its levels decreased post-training. These findings suggest that salivary HHV-6/7 are sensitive markers of physical fatigue more than salivary cortisol.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41816368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuniko Moto, Mika Goshozono, S. Torii, Akira Namba, M. Taguchi
Menstrual disorders are health problems in female athletes. It has also been reported that amenorrhea can lead to metabolic suppression. However, studies regarding resting energy expenditure (REE) in Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether REE was suppressed in female Japanese athletes with menstrual disorders. In total, 22 highly trained intercollegiate athletes participated in this study; and body composition, REE, thyroid and reproductive hormone levels, and nutritional intake levels were measured. Predicted REE (REEp) was calculated using two different equations based on fat-free mass (FFM) and organ-tissue mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals with menstrual disorders (MD group) had significantly lower height, body weight, and fat mass than those in the eumenorrheic (EU) group; however, the FFM did not differ between the groups. Both the measured REE (REEm) and REEm adjusted for FFM in the MD group were lower than those in the EU group. The REEm to REEp ratio, which indicates energy deficiency, was also lower in the MD group. In addition, although the MD group had lower triiodothyronine and progesterone levels, they were still within the normal range. Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders may have lower REE than eumenorrheic athletes, even if thyroid and reproductive hormones are within the normal range.
{"title":"Resting energy expenditure is lower in Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders than in eumenorrheic athletes","authors":"Kuniko Moto, Mika Goshozono, S. Torii, Akira Namba, M. Taguchi","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.35","url":null,"abstract":"Menstrual disorders are health problems in female athletes. It has also been reported that amenorrhea can lead to metabolic suppression. However, studies regarding resting energy expenditure (REE) in Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether REE was suppressed in female Japanese athletes with menstrual disorders. In total, 22 highly trained intercollegiate athletes participated in this study; and body composition, REE, thyroid and reproductive hormone levels, and nutritional intake levels were measured. Predicted REE (REEp) was calculated using two different equations based on fat-free mass (FFM) and organ-tissue mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals with menstrual disorders (MD group) had significantly lower height, body weight, and fat mass than those in the eumenorrheic (EU) group; however, the FFM did not differ between the groups. Both the measured REE (REEm) and REEm adjusted for FFM in the MD group were lower than those in the EU group. The REEm to REEp ratio, which indicates energy deficiency, was also lower in the MD group. In addition, although the MD group had lower triiodothyronine and progesterone levels, they were still within the normal range. Japanese female athletes with menstrual disorders may have lower REE than eumenorrheic athletes, even if thyroid and reproductive hormones are within the normal range.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47124405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshitaka Mita, Miyuki Ito, Mio Yamada, N. Fujii, Y. Manabe, Y. Furuichi
Endurance exercise induces skeletal muscle adaptations such as fiber-type switching, mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and the enhancement of glucose disposal, all of which ameliorate metabolic dysfunction. Since many factors such as body temperature, pH, osmolality, the secretion patterns of neurotransmitters, and humoral factors, change during exercise, it is not easy to determine precisely how each factor contributes to exercise-induced adaptations. To determine these contributions, there is need for experimental studies using an in vitro muscle culture system focusing on a single added stimulus. In this study, we focused on whether contractile stimulation is itself responsible for inducing skeletal muscle adaptations. We constructed a chronic contraction model in mouse primary myotubes and investigated which type of contractile stimulation could induce muscle fiber switching and/or metabolic adaptations. We tested five sets of contractile stimulus conditions, including tetanus and twitch, for different stimulation periods. Of these, when myotubes were stimulated by 6 V/15 mA electric pulses at 1 Hz (20 ms contraction followed by 980 ms relaxation) for 24 hours, we observed a significant increase in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I protein, a marker protein for type I (oxidative) myofiber, and a tendency for MyHC IIa expression to increase, a marker protein for type IIa fiber (the most oxidative myofiber out of the type II iso-forms). However, the same conditions did not induce any change in the expression of GLUT4, COX IV, and hexokinase II, proteins related to the transport of glucose and metabolism. These results suggest chronic contractile stimulation does not induce the expression of proteins related to metabolism, but it does regulate the expression patterns of MyHC. This chronic contraction model has the potential to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of oxidative myofibers in response to muscle contraction.
{"title":"Effect of chronic muscle contraction on expression of contractile and metabolic proteins in mouse primary cultured myotubes","authors":"Yoshitaka Mita, Miyuki Ito, Mio Yamada, N. Fujii, Y. Manabe, Y. Furuichi","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.51","url":null,"abstract":"Endurance exercise induces skeletal muscle adaptations such as fiber-type switching, mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and the enhancement of glucose disposal, all of which ameliorate metabolic dysfunction. Since many factors such as body temperature, pH, osmolality, the secretion patterns of neurotransmitters, and humoral factors, change during exercise, it is not easy to determine precisely how each factor contributes to exercise-induced adaptations. To determine these contributions, there is need for experimental studies using an in vitro muscle culture system focusing on a single added stimulus. In this study, we focused on whether contractile stimulation is itself responsible for inducing skeletal muscle adaptations. We constructed a chronic contraction model in mouse primary myotubes and investigated which type of contractile stimulation could induce muscle fiber switching and/or metabolic adaptations. We tested five sets of contractile stimulus conditions, including tetanus and twitch, for different stimulation periods. Of these, when myotubes were stimulated by 6 V/15 mA electric pulses at 1 Hz (20 ms contraction followed by 980 ms relaxation) for 24 hours, we observed a significant increase in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I protein, a marker protein for type I (oxidative) myofiber, and a tendency for MyHC IIa expression to increase, a marker protein for type IIa fiber (the most oxidative myofiber out of the type II iso-forms). However, the same conditions did not induce any change in the expression of GLUT4, COX IV, and hexokinase II, proteins related to the transport of glucose and metabolism. These results suggest chronic contractile stimulation does not induce the expression of proteins related to metabolism, but it does regulate the expression patterns of MyHC. This chronic contraction model has the potential to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of oxidative myofibers in response to muscle contraction.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jumpei Osakabe, Masanobu Kajiki, Ryosuke Inada, Takaaki Matsumoto, Y. Umemura
{"title":"Wearing lacrosse uniform during exercise-simulated match in heat increases physiological strain index","authors":"Jumpei Osakabe, Masanobu Kajiki, Ryosuke Inada, Takaaki Matsumoto, Y. Umemura","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.11.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.11.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standing desks have the potential to improve educational and health outcomes in elementary schools, yet limited intervention studies have been undertaken using mixed methods approaches or in Asian countries. The aim of this research was to elucidate the subjective experiences and objective effects of standing desk use in a Japanese elementary school. Respondents in the intervention included a class of 22 year six students and their teacher at a public elementary school in Nagano, Japan. Standing desks were implemented in the classroom for nine months. Subjective focus group and interview data were generated on two occasions during the intervention period to facilitate data saturation. Objective accelerometry data were used to record active and sedentary behaviour before and during the intervention. Focus group and interview data highlighted positive physical and educational effects, including perceived improvements in endurance and posture, self-expression, peer interaction, and reduced state anxiety. These data also revealed concerns about age-appropriateness and practicality of implementation in a conservative education system. Accelerometry findings showed significant changes in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity during both school and non-school hours. Standing desks provide a practical approach for modernizing Japanese elementary education, which may hold benefits across both health and education. Follow-up multi-site randomized controlled interventions and comparisons of teacher style and philosophy in standing desk classrooms are recommended to confirm and expand the present findings. was performed to examine the changes in activity levels between baseline and follow-up in the intervention (n 22) and control (n 20) classes. If the interaction was significant, post-hoc analysis was performed to examine the simple main effects in each factor. and behavior during non-school hours between and control classes
{"title":"Novel standing desk intervention in Japanese elementary education: mixed-methods evidence for health and pedagogical impacts","authors":"M. Annear, T. Kidokoro","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.10.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.10.273","url":null,"abstract":"Standing desks have the potential to improve educational and health outcomes in elementary schools, yet limited intervention studies have been undertaken using mixed methods approaches or in Asian countries. The aim of this research was to elucidate the subjective experiences and objective effects of standing desk use in a Japanese elementary school. Respondents in the intervention included a class of 22 year six students and their teacher at a public elementary school in Nagano, Japan. Standing desks were implemented in the classroom for nine months. Subjective focus group and interview data were generated on two occasions during the intervention period to facilitate data saturation. Objective accelerometry data were used to record active and sedentary behaviour before and during the intervention. Focus group and interview data highlighted positive physical and educational effects, including perceived improvements in endurance and posture, self-expression, peer interaction, and reduced state anxiety. These data also revealed concerns about age-appropriateness and practicality of implementation in a conservative education system. Accelerometry findings showed significant changes in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity during both school and non-school hours. Standing desks provide a practical approach for modernizing Japanese elementary education, which may hold benefits across both health and education. Follow-up multi-site randomized controlled interventions and comparisons of teacher style and philosophy in standing desk classrooms are recommended to confirm and expand the present findings. was performed to examine the changes in activity levels between baseline and follow-up in the intervention (n 22) and control (n 20) classes. If the interaction was significant, post-hoc analysis was performed to examine the simple main effects in each factor. and behavior during non-school hours between and control classes","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Yamazaki, Yume Araki, Sayaka Takuno, Ayuka Hamada
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aerobic exercise training on the coldness of the body and physiologically-related factors in Japanese young women with cold constitution. Eighteen subjects were divided into two groups: exercise (E) and non-ex-ercise control (C) groups. Subjects in the E group performed exercise training of fast walking 4 days or more per week for 4 weeks. The training significantly decreased the scores for cold feeling in the fingertips and toes, but did not change the metabolic rate or sublingual and skin temperatures in the hands and feet during rest under normothermic conditions. In the C group, all variables remained unchanged throughout the 4-week control period. These results suggest that aerobic exercise mitigated coldness in the distal portion of the extremities via the reduction of cold sensation at a normal body temperature in young women complaining of chilliness.
{"title":"Walking exercise intervention for 4 weeks mitigates cold symptoms in young women with a cold constitution","authors":"F. Yamazaki, Yume Araki, Sayaka Takuno, Ayuka Hamada","doi":"10.7600/jpfsm.10.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.10.255","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aerobic exercise training on the coldness of the body and physiologically-related factors in Japanese young women with cold constitution. Eighteen subjects were divided into two groups: exercise (E) and non-ex-ercise control (C) groups. Subjects in the E group performed exercise training of fast walking 4 days or more per week for 4 weeks. The training significantly decreased the scores for cold feeling in the fingertips and toes, but did not change the metabolic rate or sublingual and skin temperatures in the hands and feet during rest under normothermic conditions. In the C group, all variables remained unchanged throughout the 4-week control period. These results suggest that aerobic exercise mitigated coldness in the distal portion of the extremities via the reduction of cold sensation at a normal body temperature in young women complaining of chilliness.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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