A. Wattinne, C. Lécuyer, E. Vennin, J. Chateauneuf, F. Martineau
Continental environments are very sensitive to climatic variations. A unique opportunity to study the climate changes around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary is offered by the Limagne graben Basin (France) where this stage boundary is well constrained by fossils. Indeed, some localities of the Limagne Graben Basin are so rich in mammal remains that they have become a European reference for mammal biostratigraphy. The dominant sedimentary facies of the lacustrine deposits in the northern part of the Limagne Graben Basin are composed of poorly cemented marls and calcarenites containing various plants and animals remains ( e.g. algae, fish bones and teeth, gastropods, ostracods, mammals, birds and reptiles remains) associated with stromatolites. Mammal remains, well described in this area from the literature, were used to constrain the chronostratigraphic context of this lacustrine basin, with refinement thanks to new carbon and oxygen isotope measurements, palynological and sedimentological data. In this work, the available information obtained from a classical paleoecological study has been refined by new carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of carbonates and fish teeth retrieved from the washed sediment residues. The results of this study confirm that the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in Europe was a general period of aridity, associated with a cooler climate, which could be the cause of the decline in mammal paleodiversity observed during this period. The gradual evolution from brackish to fresh waters is indicated by the presence of ostracods and gastropods, and the major development of caddisflies. This period is associated to humid climatic conditions while a gradual increase in temperature took place throughout the second part of the Aquitanian. These environmental changes were driven by strong variations of temperatures and a contrasted seasonality.
{"title":"Environmental changes around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in the Limagne graben, Massif Central, France","authors":"A. Wattinne, C. Lécuyer, E. Vennin, J. Chateauneuf, F. Martineau","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018019","url":null,"abstract":"Continental environments are very sensitive to climatic variations. A unique opportunity to study the climate changes around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary is offered by the Limagne graben Basin (France) where this stage boundary is well constrained by fossils. Indeed, some localities of the Limagne Graben Basin are so rich in mammal remains that they have become a European reference for mammal biostratigraphy. The dominant sedimentary facies of the lacustrine deposits in the northern part of the Limagne Graben Basin are composed of poorly cemented marls and calcarenites containing various plants and animals remains ( e.g. algae, fish bones and teeth, gastropods, ostracods, mammals, birds and reptiles remains) associated with stromatolites. Mammal remains, well described in this area from the literature, were used to constrain the chronostratigraphic context of this lacustrine basin, with refinement thanks to new carbon and oxygen isotope measurements, palynological and sedimentological data. In this work, the available information obtained from a classical paleoecological study has been refined by new carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of carbonates and fish teeth retrieved from the washed sediment residues. The results of this study confirm that the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in Europe was a general period of aridity, associated with a cooler climate, which could be the cause of the decline in mammal paleodiversity observed during this period. The gradual evolution from brackish to fresh waters is indicated by the presence of ostracods and gastropods, and the major development of caddisflies. This period is associated to humid climatic conditions while a gradual increase in temperature took place throughout the second part of the Aquitanian. These environmental changes were driven by strong variations of temperatures and a contrasted seasonality.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"9 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barbarand, I. Bour, M. Pagel, Florence Quesnel, B. Delcambre, C. Dupuis, J. Yans
The exhumation history of basement areas is poorly constrained because of large gaps in the sedimentary record. Indirect methods including low temperature thermochronology may be used to estimate exhumation but these require an inverse modeling procedure to interpret the data. Solutions from such modeling are not always satisfactory as they may be too broad or may conflict with independent geological data. This study shows that the input of geological constraints is necessary to obtain a valuable and refined exhumation history and to identify the presence of a former sedimentary cover presently completely eroded. Apatite fission-track (AFT) data have been acquired on the northern part of the Ardenne Massif close to the Variscan front and in the southern Brabant, in particular for the Visean ash-beds. Apatite fission-track ages for surface samples range between 140 ± 13 and 261 ± 33 Ma and confined tracks lengths are ranging between 12.6 ± 0.2 and 13.8 ± 0.2 μm. Thermal inversion has been realized assuming that (1) samples were close to the surface (20–40 °C) during Triassic times, this is supported by remnants of detrital Upper Permian–Triassic sediments preserved in the south of the Ardenne and in the east (border of the Roer Graben and Malmedy Graben), and (2) terrestrial conditions prevailed during the Early Cretaceous for the Ardenne Massif, as indicated by radiometric ages on paleoweathering products. Inversion of the AFT data characterizes higher temperatures than surface temperatures during most of the Jurassic. Temperature range is wide but is compatible with the deposition on the northern Ardenne of a significant sedimentary cover, which has been later eroded during the Late Jurassic and/or the Early Cretaceous. Despite the presence of small outliers of Late Cretaceous (Hautes Fagnes area), no evidence is recorded by the fission-track data for the deposition of a significant chalk cover as highlighted in different parts of western Europe. These results question the existence of the London-Brabant Massif as a permanent positive structure during the Mesozoic.
{"title":"Post-Paleozoic evolution of the northern Ardenne Massif constrained by apatite fission-track thermochronology and geological data","authors":"J. Barbarand, I. Bour, M. Pagel, Florence Quesnel, B. Delcambre, C. Dupuis, J. Yans","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018015","url":null,"abstract":"The exhumation history of basement areas is poorly constrained because of large gaps in the sedimentary record. Indirect methods including low temperature thermochronology may be used to estimate exhumation but these require an inverse modeling procedure to interpret the data. Solutions from such modeling are not always satisfactory as they may be too broad or may conflict with independent geological data. This study shows that the input of geological constraints is necessary to obtain a valuable and refined exhumation history and to identify the presence of a former sedimentary cover presently completely eroded. Apatite fission-track (AFT) data have been acquired on the northern part of the Ardenne Massif close to the Variscan front and in the southern Brabant, in particular for the Visean ash-beds. Apatite fission-track ages for surface samples range between 140 ± 13 and 261 ± 33 Ma and confined tracks lengths are ranging between 12.6 ± 0.2 and 13.8 ± 0.2 μm. Thermal inversion has been realized assuming that (1) samples were close to the surface (20–40 °C) during Triassic times, this is supported by remnants of detrital Upper Permian–Triassic sediments preserved in the south of the Ardenne and in the east (border of the Roer Graben and Malmedy Graben), and (2) terrestrial conditions prevailed during the Early Cretaceous for the Ardenne Massif, as indicated by radiometric ages on paleoweathering products. Inversion of the AFT data characterizes higher temperatures than surface temperatures during most of the Jurassic. Temperature range is wide but is compatible with the deposition on the northern Ardenne of a significant sedimentary cover, which has been later eroded during the Late Jurassic and/or the Early Cretaceous. Despite the presence of small outliers of Late Cretaceous (Hautes Fagnes area), no evidence is recorded by the fission-track data for the deposition of a significant chalk cover as highlighted in different parts of western Europe. These results question the existence of the London-Brabant Massif as a permanent positive structure during the Mesozoic.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"29 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article comprehensively presents little known Estonian contribution to the recognition of first meteorite impact structures in Europe, related to works of Julius Kaljuvee (Kalkun; 1869–1940) and Ivan Reinwald (Reinwaldt; 1878–1941). As an active educator specialized in geoscience, Kaljuvee was the first to hypothesize in 1922 that Kaali lake cirque in Saaremaa Island, Estonia, was created by meteorite impact. Thanks to mining engineer Reinwald, this assumption was accepted since 1928 due to the exhaustive field and borehole works of the latter (also as a result of exploration by several German scholars, including renowned Alfred Wegener). The impact origin of Kaali structure was proved finally in 1937 by finding of meteoritic iron splinters (as the first European site). Reinwald was not only outstanding investigator of meteorite cratering process, but also successful propagator of the Estonian discoveries in Anglophone mainstream science in 1930s. In addition, in his 1933 book, Kaljuvee first highlighted an impact explanation of enigmatic Ries structure in Bavaria, as well as probable magmatic activation in distant regions due to “the impulse of a giant meteorite”. He also outlined ideas of the inevitable periodic cosmic collisions in geological past (“rare event” theory nowadays), and resulting biotic crises. In a general conceptual context, the ideas of Kaljuvee were in noteworthy direct or indirect link with concepts of the great French naturalists – Laplace, Cuvier and Elie de Beaumont. However, some other Kaljuvee’s notions, albeit recurrent also later in geoscientific literature, are queer at the present time ( e.g. , the large-body impact as a driving force of continental drift and change the Earth axis, resulting in the Pleistocene glaciation). Thus, the Kaljuvee thought-provocative but premature dissertation is rather a record of distinguishing erudite activity, but not a real neocatastrophic landmark in geosciences history. Nevertheless, several concepts of Kaljuvee were revived as the key elements in the current geological paradigm.
{"title":"Julius Kaljuvee, Ivan Reinwald, and Estonian pioneering ideas on meteorite impacts and cosmic neocatastrophism in the early 20th century","authors":"G. Racki, T. Viik, V. Puura","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018011","url":null,"abstract":"The article comprehensively presents little known Estonian contribution to the recognition of first meteorite impact structures in Europe, related to works of Julius Kaljuvee (Kalkun; 1869–1940) and Ivan Reinwald (Reinwaldt; 1878–1941). As an active educator specialized in geoscience, Kaljuvee was the first to hypothesize in 1922 that Kaali lake cirque in Saaremaa Island, Estonia, was created by meteorite impact. Thanks to mining engineer Reinwald, this assumption was accepted since 1928 due to the exhaustive field and borehole works of the latter (also as a result of exploration by several German scholars, including renowned Alfred Wegener). The impact origin of Kaali structure was proved finally in 1937 by finding of meteoritic iron splinters (as the first European site). Reinwald was not only outstanding investigator of meteorite cratering process, but also successful propagator of the Estonian discoveries in Anglophone mainstream science in 1930s. In addition, in his 1933 book, Kaljuvee first highlighted an impact explanation of enigmatic Ries structure in Bavaria, as well as probable magmatic activation in distant regions due to “the impulse of a giant meteorite”. He also outlined ideas of the inevitable periodic cosmic collisions in geological past (“rare event” theory nowadays), and resulting biotic crises. In a general conceptual context, the ideas of Kaljuvee were in noteworthy direct or indirect link with concepts of the great French naturalists – Laplace, Cuvier and Elie de Beaumont. However, some other Kaljuvee’s notions, albeit recurrent also later in geoscientific literature, are queer at the present time ( e.g. , the large-body impact as a driving force of continental drift and change the Earth axis, resulting in the Pleistocene glaciation). Thus, the Kaljuvee thought-provocative but premature dissertation is rather a record of distinguishing erudite activity, but not a real neocatastrophic landmark in geosciences history. Nevertheless, several concepts of Kaljuvee were revived as the key elements in the current geological paradigm.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"1 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83415885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Granite pebbles from an Eocene or Oligocene conglomerate lying on a Ghomaride nappe of the Internal Zones of the Rif belt (Alboran domain, Morocco) have been dated by U/Pb on zircon at 281 Ma. No granite pluton being known in the Rif belt nor in the neighbouring Betic Cordillera, the origin of these calc-alkaline Kungurian (end of the Early Permian) granites is discussed. A provenance from a nearby unit presently drowned in the Alboran sea is likely. Comparisons with other circum-Mediterranean domains show that this late plutonism characterizes an original domain in the Variscan orogen.
{"title":"Early Permian age of granite pebbles from an Eocene or Oligocene conglomerate of the Internal Rif belt (Alboran domain, Morocco): hypothesis on their origin","authors":"P. Olivier, J. Paquette","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018012","url":null,"abstract":"Granite pebbles from an Eocene or Oligocene conglomerate lying on a Ghomaride nappe of the Internal Zones of the Rif belt (Alboran domain, Morocco) have been dated by U/Pb on zircon at 281 Ma. No granite pluton being known in the Rif belt nor in the neighbouring Betic Cordillera, the origin of these calc-alkaline Kungurian (end of the Early Permian) granites is discussed. A provenance from a nearby unit presently drowned in the Alboran sea is likely. Comparisons with other circum-Mediterranean domains show that this late plutonism characterizes an original domain in the Variscan orogen.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"20 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80208286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many Archaean and Paleoproterozoic cratons show deformation patterns that differ from those observed in modern orogens. On the other hand, they constitute an important part of present-day emerged continents and contain a large part of continental mineral resources known to date. On the basis of a summary of structural data from some typical field examples and of results of analogue modelling, we emphasize that pop-down tectonics marked by vertical burial of supracrustals within an underlying hot and weak crust may be the most suitable model to account for deformation patterns of many ancient deformation zones. An overview of relationships between structural patterns and mineralisation in several ancient deformation zones further emphasizes that pop-down tectonics provides a very promising structural framework for mining exploration in Precambrian cratons.
{"title":"Tectonics-mineralisation relationships within weak continental lithospheres: a new structural framework for Precambrian cratons","authors":"D. Gapais","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018014","url":null,"abstract":"Many Archaean and Paleoproterozoic cratons show deformation patterns that differ from those observed in modern orogens. On the other hand, they constitute an important part of present-day emerged continents and contain a large part of continental mineral resources known to date. On the basis of a summary of structural data from some typical field examples and of results of analogue modelling, we emphasize that pop-down tectonics marked by vertical burial of supracrustals within an underlying hot and weak crust may be the most suitable model to account for deformation patterns of many ancient deformation zones. An overview of relationships between structural patterns and mineralisation in several ancient deformation zones further emphasizes that pop-down tectonics provides a very promising structural framework for mining exploration in Precambrian cratons.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"36 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90985635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kornprobst, B. Ábalos, P. Barbey, A. Boullier, J. Burg, R. Capdevila, S. Claesson, U. Cordani, D. Corrigan, R. Gabrielsen, J. Gil-Ibarguchi, Å. Johansson, D. Letsch, P. Vigouroux, B. Upton
This work is a review of Boris Choubert’s paper (1935), which was published in French underthe rather devalorizing title: “Research on the Genesis of Palaeozoic and Precambrian Belts.” Despite itsinnovative content, this article had no impact either at the time of its publication or even later. It begins withthe construction of a remarkable fit of the circum-Atlantic continents. This was based on the 1.000 metersisobath instead of the shoreline. Thirty years before Bullard et al. (1965), it demonstrated in an indisputableway the reality of the continents motion on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, Choubert designatedWegener’s “continental drift” as the main cause of tectonics. Even going beyond Wegener’s theory, heargued that this mechanism was efficient well before the formation of the Triassic Pangaea, during the wholePalaeozoic to result in the building of the Caledonian and Hercynian mountains. Although he was stillencumbered by the vocabulary of the time regarding geosynclines, Boris Choubert described tectonics basedon the horizontal mobility of the Precambrian continental blocks. Oddly enough, he did not apply this modelto the Precambrian structures, which he attributed to the effects of the Earth’s rotation on the continentalcrust during its solidification. At the time of its publication, this paper was a very important step towardsunderstanding global tectonics. Unfortunately, Choubert’s contemporaries did not generally recognize its significance.
{"title":"Boris Choubert: Unrecognized visionary geologist, pioneer of the global tectonics","authors":"J. Kornprobst, B. Ábalos, P. Barbey, A. Boullier, J. Burg, R. Capdevila, S. Claesson, U. Cordani, D. Corrigan, R. Gabrielsen, J. Gil-Ibarguchi, Å. Johansson, D. Letsch, P. Vigouroux, B. Upton","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018006","url":null,"abstract":"This work is a review of Boris Choubert’s paper (1935), which was published in French underthe rather devalorizing title: “Research on the Genesis of Palaeozoic and Precambrian Belts.” Despite itsinnovative content, this article had no impact either at the time of its publication or even later. It begins withthe construction of a remarkable fit of the circum-Atlantic continents. This was based on the 1.000 metersisobath instead of the shoreline. Thirty years before Bullard et al. (1965), it demonstrated in an indisputableway the reality of the continents motion on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, Choubert designatedWegener’s “continental drift” as the main cause of tectonics. Even going beyond Wegener’s theory, heargued that this mechanism was efficient well before the formation of the Triassic Pangaea, during the wholePalaeozoic to result in the building of the Caledonian and Hercynian mountains. Although he was stillencumbered by the vocabulary of the time regarding geosynclines, Boris Choubert described tectonics basedon the horizontal mobility of the Precambrian continental blocks. Oddly enough, he did not apply this modelto the Precambrian structures, which he attributed to the effects of the Earth’s rotation on the continentalcrust during its solidification. At the time of its publication, this paper was a very important step towardsunderstanding global tectonics. Unfortunately, Choubert’s contemporaries did not generally recognize its significance.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"63 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86136569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article passe en revue les premieres decouvertes de dinosaures faites en France avant que le terme Dinosauria n’ait ete introduit par Richard Owen en 1842. En mettant a part les premieres decouvertes du theropode Streptospondylus altdorfensis faites au XVIIIe siecle par Charles Bacheley dans le Jurassique des Vaches Noires, les principaux resultats demontres ici sont les suivants (par ordre chronologique) : 1) les premiers restes de dinosaures (dents de theropodes) du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien) furent collectes par Arcisse de Caumont dans les carrieres de Quilly en, ou avant, avril 1826 et la premiere mention de cette decouverte fut publiee en 1827 ; 2) les restes de theropode que William Buckland avait observes en octobre 1826 dans le Cabinet d’Histoire naturelle de Besancon furent signales dans une publication des 1830 ; 3) la premiere mention a un dinosaure du Jurassique superieur du Boulonnais fut longtemps consideree avoir ete celle faite par Constant Prevost en 1839. Des dents d’un theropode et d’un dinosaure herbivore furent, semble-t-il, decouvertes dans ces formations par Eugene Robert en automne 1833. Une autre dent de theropode, celle-ci identifiable de maniere incontestable, fut collectee en, ou avant, juillet 1835 par Bruno Marmin comme en atteste une lettre inedite a Jules Desnoyers ; 4) Le genre Poekilopleuron Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836 et son espece type P. bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836, du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien moyen), ont ete crees de maniere valide en 1836 ; 5) l’humerus de sauropode decouvert dans le Cretace superieur de la plaine de Lisle pres de Perigueux et figure par Paul Gervais en 1852 fut donne au Museum d’Histoire naturelle a Paris par un certain Simon Bornet en 1841 ; 6) l’humerus de sauropode du gres vert (Albien) de Bedoin pres du mont Ventoux, decrit par Gervais en 1852 sous le nom d’Aepisaurus elephantinus , fut decouvert par Prosper Renaux en 1841. Ce dernier effectua des dessins du specimen a partir desquels une lithographie restee inedite fut realisee. Renaux est ainsi le premier a avoir decouvert et etudie un dinosaure, authentifie de maniere incontestable, dans le Cretace provencal. Les affinites de cet os avec les genres Megalosaurus et Iguanodon furent reconnues par Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville des 1842.
这篇文章回顾了1842年理查德·欧文引入“恐龙”一词之前在法国首次发现的恐龙。除了18世纪查尔斯·巴切利在《黑牛侏罗纪》中首次发现的theropode Streptospondylus altdorfensis外，这里展示的主要结果如下(按时间顺序):1) 1826年4月或之前，Arcisse de Caumont在les carrieres de Quilly收集了第一批来自Caen石灰石(Bathonien)的恐龙遗骸(theropodes牙齿)，并于1827年首次提到这一发现;1826年10月，威廉·巴克兰(William Buckland)在贝桑松(Besancon)的自然历史内阁(Cabinet of natural history)发现了theropode的遗骸，并在1830年的一份出版物中发表;3)在很长一段时间里，康斯坦斯·普雷沃斯特(Constant Prevost)在1839年首次提到了布洛涅侏罗纪晚期的恐龙。1833年秋，尤金·罗伯特在这些地层中发现了兽脚亚目恐龙和食草恐龙的牙齿。1835年7月，布鲁诺·马尔明(Bruno Marmin)或之前，在给朱尔斯·德诺耶(Jules Desnoyers)的一封信中，发现了另一颗不容置疑的theropode牙齿;4)卡昂石灰岩(bathonian moyen)的pokilopleuron Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836和它的模式种P. bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836被有效地创建;5) Paul Gervais于1852年在Perigueux附近的Lisle平原上的白垩纪发现了蜥脚类动物的humerus，并于1841年由一个叫Simon Bornet的人捐赠给了巴黎自然历史博物馆;6)文图山附近贝都因gres vert (Albien)的蜥脚类动物humerus，由Gervais在1852年描述为aepisaurus elephantinus，于1841年被Prosper Renaux发现。后者绘制了标本的图纸，并根据这些图纸进行了未出版的平版印刷。因此，雷诺是第一个在普罗旺斯白垩纪发现并研究恐龙的人，这是无可争议的。1842年，亨利·玛丽·迪克罗泰·德·布莱恩维尔发现了这块骨头与斑龙和禽龙属的亲缘关系。
{"title":"Nouvelles données historiques sur les premiers dinosaures trouvés en France","authors":"A. Brignon","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018003","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article passe en revue les premieres decouvertes de dinosaures faites en France avant que le terme Dinosauria n’ait ete introduit par Richard Owen en 1842. En mettant a part les premieres decouvertes du theropode Streptospondylus altdorfensis faites au XVIIIe siecle par Charles Bacheley dans le Jurassique des Vaches Noires, les principaux resultats demontres ici sont les suivants (par ordre chronologique) : 1) les premiers restes de dinosaures (dents de theropodes) du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien) furent collectes par Arcisse de Caumont dans les carrieres de Quilly en, ou avant, avril 1826 et la premiere mention de cette decouverte fut publiee en 1827 ; 2) les restes de theropode que William Buckland avait observes en octobre 1826 dans le Cabinet d’Histoire naturelle de Besancon furent signales dans une publication des 1830 ; 3) la premiere mention a un dinosaure du Jurassique superieur du Boulonnais fut longtemps consideree avoir ete celle faite par Constant Prevost en 1839. Des dents d’un theropode et d’un dinosaure herbivore furent, semble-t-il, decouvertes dans ces formations par Eugene Robert en automne 1833. Une autre dent de theropode, celle-ci identifiable de maniere incontestable, fut collectee en, ou avant, juillet 1835 par Bruno Marmin comme en atteste une lettre inedite a Jules Desnoyers ; 4) Le genre Poekilopleuron Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836 et son espece type P. bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836, du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien moyen), ont ete crees de maniere valide en 1836 ; 5) l’humerus de sauropode decouvert dans le Cretace superieur de la plaine de Lisle pres de Perigueux et figure par Paul Gervais en 1852 fut donne au Museum d’Histoire naturelle a Paris par un certain Simon Bornet en 1841 ; 6) l’humerus de sauropode du gres vert (Albien) de Bedoin pres du mont Ventoux, decrit par Gervais en 1852 sous le nom d’Aepisaurus elephantinus , fut decouvert par Prosper Renaux en 1841. Ce dernier effectua des dessins du specimen a partir desquels une lithographie restee inedite fut realisee. Renaux est ainsi le premier a avoir decouvert et etudie un dinosaure, authentifie de maniere incontestable, dans le Cretace provencal. Les affinites de cet os avec les genres Megalosaurus et Iguanodon furent reconnues par Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville des 1842.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"22 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Vaucher, B. Pittet, S. Passot, P. Grandjean, Thomas, Humbert, P. Allemand
Tidally modulated shoreface (TMS) corresponds to peculiar costal environments. The general morphology and the expressed bedforms are provided by the interplay of both waves and tides. The recognition of TMS in the fossil record still remains a difficult task. The study of one mega-tidal modern TMS in the north of France (Berck-Plage) provides new key criteria to identify this kind of coastal system in the rock record. Field investigation and digital mapping were realized at lowest tide during spring tide under fair-weather condition. The intertidal zone is characterized by a succession of several sand banks shore parallel separated by topographic lows that are defined as ridges and runnels. Seven distinct dominant bedforms are recognized: 3D current ripples, 3D asymmetrical ripples, 2D symmetrical ripples, 2D small symmetrical dunes, 2D large symmetrical dunes, 3D symmetrical dunes and plane beds. The upper stage plane bedding mainly composed the ridges while the six other bedforms are commonly found within the runnels or on the flanks of the ridges. Comparison of the bedforms of Berck-Plage with previous experimental studies on bedforms genesis proves that the necessary flow parameters for generating these bedforms belong to an oscillatory flow except for the 3D current ripples, which are formed by a unidirectional flow. This study confirms the dominance of oscillatory structures through the intertidal zone in a mega-tidal context and show that wave processes are more powerful than tide processes for bedform generation although during fair weather conditions. Based on the timing of genesis, the description and the repeated pattern of distribution of bedforms between two ridges is highlighted thus helping to propose a theoretical facies sequence for an intertidal zone characterized by ridges and runnels applicable to ancient sedimentary successions.
{"title":"Bedforms in a tidally modulated ridge and runnel shoreface (Berck-Plage; North France): implications for the geological record","authors":"R. Vaucher, B. Pittet, S. Passot, P. Grandjean, Thomas, Humbert, P. Allemand","doi":"10.1051/BSGF/2018004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/BSGF/2018004","url":null,"abstract":"Tidally modulated shoreface (TMS) corresponds to peculiar costal environments. The general morphology and the expressed bedforms are provided by the interplay of both waves and tides. The recognition of TMS in the fossil record still remains a difficult task. The study of one mega-tidal modern TMS in the north of France (Berck-Plage) provides new key criteria to identify this kind of coastal system in the rock record. Field investigation and digital mapping were realized at lowest tide during spring tide under fair-weather condition. The intertidal zone is characterized by a succession of several sand banks shore parallel separated by topographic lows that are defined as ridges and runnels. Seven distinct dominant bedforms are recognized: 3D current ripples, 3D asymmetrical ripples, 2D symmetrical ripples, 2D small symmetrical dunes, 2D large symmetrical dunes, 3D symmetrical dunes and plane beds. The upper stage plane bedding mainly composed the ridges while the six other bedforms are commonly found within the runnels or on the flanks of the ridges. Comparison of the bedforms of Berck-Plage with previous experimental studies on bedforms genesis proves that the necessary flow parameters for generating these bedforms belong to an oscillatory flow except for the 3D current ripples, which are formed by a unidirectional flow. This study confirms the dominance of oscillatory structures through the intertidal zone in a mega-tidal context and show that wave processes are more powerful than tide processes for bedform generation although during fair weather conditions. Based on the timing of genesis, the description and the repeated pattern of distribution of bedforms between two ridges is highlighted thus helping to propose a theoretical facies sequence for an intertidal zone characterized by ridges and runnels applicable to ancient sedimentary successions.","PeriodicalId":55978,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France","volume":"23 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Debret, Y. Copard, A. V. Exem, G. Bessereau, F. Haeseler, J. Rouzaud
Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity ( i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.
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Nicolas-Alexandre Dupont, Y. Quinif, C. Dubois, Hai Cheng, Olivier Kaufmann
Le systeme karstique de Sprimont est riche de phenomenes karstiques varies dans un contexte geologique bien defini : un synclinal de carbonates carboniferes entoures au nord, a l’est et au sud par des formations famenniennes impermeables. A l’ouest, l’Ourthe recoupe le synclinal perpendiculairement a son axe d’allongement dans le cadre d’un relief appalachien typique et constitue le niveau de base karstique. Le relief consiste en un vallon oriente est-ouest dont l’axe coincide avec celui du synclinal. Les ruisseaux qui descendent des hauteurs impermeables vers le vallon se perdent apres leur entree dans le domaine calcaire. Ces ruisseaux confluent sous terre pour resurger au « Trou Bleu », unique resurgence du systeme, non loin du talweg de l’Ourthe. Le systeme compte de nombreuses grottes, de dimensions souvent decametriques. Quelques-unes sont de plus grande ampleur, dont la grotte du « Nou Bleu » recemment decouverte, qui est un regard sur la riviere souterraine a quelques dizaines de metres en amont de la resurgence. Les carrieres ont devoile en plus de diverses grottes des phenomenes karstiques de type fantome de roche. La karstogenese de type fantome de roche consiste en une alteration moderee des carbonates produisant une separation de phase. D’une part, la phase soluble comprend essentiellement le calcium, le magnesium, le bicarbonate et la silice colloidale. Elle sort du systeme par la voie souterraine. D’autre part, une alterite residuelle constitue la phase solide restante comprenant une partie des carbonates cinetiquement moins solubles comme la calcite sparitique et la dolomie pro parte , les insolubles comme les mineraux argileux, le quartz, et la matiere organique. Cette phase solide evolue de facon isovolume lors d’une premiere etape et voit donc sa porosite augmenter, de meme que sa fragilite mecanique. Cette premiere etape se deroule durant une periode geologique ou le potentiel hydrodynamique est tres reduit, la fantomisation s’exercant grâce a des circulations phreatiques tres lentes mais chimiquement agressives. On obtient ainsi des volumes soit totalement circonscrits dans la masse rocheuse (pseudoendokarsts) soit sous forme de couloirs descendant du toit de la roche mere, remplis par l’alterite residuelle. A Sprimont, la carriere du Coreux a devoile ces fantomes de roche. Durant une seconde phase, lorsqu’apparait un potentiel hydrodynamique suite a une surrection et a l’incision des rivieres, l’alterite peut etre mecaniquement erodee par des circulations fluviatiles : les grottes « speleologiques » se forment. Dans le site etudie, une cavite, la grotte « Nico », a ete ouverte par l’avancee du front de la carriere. On y trouve une coupe sedimentaire montrant l’alterite residuelle ravinee par des formations fluviatiles. Cet article decrit la coupe levee dans ces formations au travers de la lithostratigraphie, de la granulometrie et de la mineralogie des grains. La grotte « Nico » resulte de la coalescence de deux grottes supe
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