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Genius Gut | Emily Leeming, Genius Gut: The Life-Changing Science of Eating for Your Second Brain, Penguin (2024), p. 400, £18·99, ISBN: 978-1405964425 Genius Gut | Emily Leeming,Genius Gut:改变人生的第二大脑饮食科学》,企鹅出版社(2024 年),第 400 页,18-99 英镑,ISBN:978-1405964425
IF 35.7 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00322-4
Phoebe Ashley-Norman
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Sex and gender in inflammatory bowel disease outcomes and research 炎症性肠病结果和研究中的性别和两性问题
IF 35.7 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00159-6
Vibeke Andersen, Jessica Pingel, Heidi Lynge Søfelt, Zainab Hikmat, Mads Johansson, Vera Slyk Pedersen, Benthe Bertelsen, Anne Carlsson, Marie Lindh, Edda Svavarsdóttir, Dirk Repsilber, Maiken Thyregod Joergensen, Robin Christensen, Anja Fejrskov, Johannes David Füchtbauer, Jens Kjeldsen, Michael Dam Jensen, Claus Aalykke, Martin Rejler, Marte Lie Høivik, Eva Sophia Myers
Extensive patient heterogeneity is a challenge in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sex and gender, as well as the interaction of sex and gender with other social identities, referred to as intersectionality, contribute to this heterogeneity and might affect IBD outcomes. An interdisciplinary team of clinicians, researchers, patients, and sex and gender experts reviewed current literature on the effect of sex and gender dimensions on IBD outcomes. The team also investigated the role that stakeholders have in advancing sex-based and gender-based IBD knowledge, as comprehensive studies are scarce. Acknowledging and integrating sex and gender into the organisation and content of research (eg, study design, participant recruitment, data analysis, data interpretation, data dissemination, and impact evaluation) could enhance the validity, relevance, and applicability of research. Such gendered innovation has potential for advancing personalised medicine and improving the quality of life for people with IBD.
患者的广泛异质性是炎症性肠病(IBD)治疗过程中的一项挑战。性和性别以及性和性别与其他社会身份的相互作用(称为交叉性)导致了这种异质性,并可能影响 IBD 的治疗效果。一个由临床医生、研究人员、患者以及性与性别专家组成的跨学科团队回顾了目前有关性与性别因素对 IBD 治疗效果影响的文献。该团队还调查了利益相关者在推进基于性别的 IBD 知识方面的作用,因为全面的研究还很少。在研究的组织和内容(如研究设计、参与者招募、数据分析、数据解释、数据传播和影响评估)中承认并整合性和性别,可以提高研究的有效性、相关性和适用性。这种性别创新有可能推动个性化医疗的发展,改善 IBD 患者的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Personal Best: From Rock Bottom to the Top of the World | Adele Roberts, Personal Best: From Rock Bottom to the Top of the World, Hodder Catalyst (2024), p. 272, £22·00, ISBN: 978-1399732826 阿黛尔-罗伯茨,《个人最佳:从谷底到世界之巅》,Hodder Catalyst (2024),第 272 页,22-00 英镑,ISBN:978-1399732826
IF 35.7 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00323-6
Emma Starbuck
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Does siRNA-based therapy require pegylated interferon-alfa-2a to cure HBV infection? 基于 siRNA 的疗法是否需要聚乙二醇干扰素-2a 才能治愈 HBV 感染?
IF 35.7 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00303-0
Fabien Zoulim
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
VIR-2218 (elebsiran) plus pegylated interferon-alfa-2a in participants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a phase 2 study VIR-2218(elebsiran)联合聚乙二醇干扰素-2a治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者:2 期研究
IF 35.7 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00237-1
Man-Fung Yuen, Young-Suk Lim, Ki Tae Yoon, Tien-Huey Lim, Jeong Heo, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Won Young Tak, Vaidehi Thanawala, Daniel Cloutier, Shenghua Mao, Andre Arizpe, Andrea L Cathcart, Sneha V Gupta, Carey Hwang, Edward Gane
<h3>Background</h3>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a global concern, with current treatments achieving low rates of HBsAg seroclearance. VIR-2218 (elebsiran), a small interfering RNA agent against HBV transcripts, reduces HBsAg concentrations. We aimed to evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of VIR-2218 with and without pegylated interferon-alpha-2a treatment in participants with chronic HBV.<h3>Methods</h3>This open-label, phase 2 study was conducted at 23 sites in six countries (New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea, and Malaysia). Adults (aged 18–65 years) with chronic HBV infection without cirrhosis and with HBsAg more than 50 IU/mL and HBV DNA less than 90 IU/mL who were on continued nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) therapy for 2 months or longer were eligible. Participants were enrolled into one of six cohorts to receive VIR-2218 200 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks, with or without 180 μg subcutaneous pegylated interferon-alfa-2a once per week. Cohort 1 received six doses of VIR-2218 (total 20 weeks); cohort 2 received six doses of VIR-2218 starting at day 1, plus 12 doses of pegylated interferon-alfa-2a starting at week 12 (total 24 weeks); cohort 3 received six doses of VIR-2218 and 24 doses of pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (total 24 weeks); cohort 4 received six doses of VIR-2218 and up to 48 doses of pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (total 48 weeks); cohort 5 received up to 13 doses of VIR-2218 and up to 44 doses of pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (total 48 weeks); and cohort 6 received three doses of VIR-2218 and 12 doses of pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (total 12 weeks). The primary endpoints were the incidence of adverse events and clinical assessments (including results of laboratory tests). Secondary endpoints were the mean maximum reduction of serum HBsAg at any timepoint; the proportion of participants with serum HBsAg seroclearance at any timepoint and for more than 6 months after the end of treatment; and the proportion of participants with anti-HBs seroconversion at any timepoint. For patients who were HBeAg-positive, we also assessed the proportion with HBeAg seroclearance or anti-HBe seroconversion at any timepoint. This study is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT03672188</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, and is ongoing.<h3>Findings</h3>Between July 2, 2020, and Nov 2, 2021, 124 individuals were screened for eligibility, 84 of whom were enrolled (15 in cohort 1, 15 in cohort 2, 18 in cohort 3, 18 in cohort 4, 13 in cohort 5, and five in cohort 6). Participant
背景 慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)仍然是一个全球关注的问题,目前的治疗方法仅能达到较低的 HBsAg 血清清除率。VIR-2218(elebsiran)是一种针对HBV转录本的小干扰RNA制剂,可降低HBsAg浓度。我们旨在评估VIR-2218与聚乙二醇干扰素-α-2a治疗或不与聚乙二醇干扰素-α-2a治疗对慢性HBV患者的安全性和抗病毒活性。年龄在 18-65 岁之间、无肝硬化、HBsAg 超过 50 IU/mL、HBV DNA 低于 90 IU/mL、持续接受核苷酸或核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂 (NRTI) 治疗 2 个月或更长时间的慢性 HBV 感染成人均符合条件。参试者被纳入6个队列中的一个,每4周皮下注射200毫克VIR-2218,同时或不注射180微克皮下聚乙二醇干扰素-2a,每周一次。第 1 组接受 6 次 VIR-2218 治疗(共 20 周);第 2 组从第 1 天开始接受 6 次 VIR-2218 治疗,并从第 12 周开始接受 12 次聚乙二醇化干扰素-2a 治疗(共 24 周);第 3 组接受 6 次 VIR-2218 治疗和 24 次聚乙二醇化干扰素-2a 治疗(共 24 周);第4组接受6剂VIR-2218和最多48剂聚乙二醇化干扰素-2a(共48周);第5组接受最多13剂VIR-2218和最多44剂聚乙二醇化干扰素-2a(共48周);第6组接受3剂VIR-2218和12剂聚乙二醇化干扰素-2a(共12周)。主要终点为不良事件发生率和临床评估(包括实验室检测结果)。次要终点为任何时间点血清 HBsAg 平均最大降幅;任何时间点及治疗结束后 6 个月以上血清 HBsAg 清除的参与者比例;任何时间点抗 HBs 血清转换的参与者比例。对于 HBeAg 阳性患者,我们还评估了在任何时间点 HBeAg 血清清除或抗-HBe 血清转换的比例。该研究已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册,编号为 NCT03672188,目前仍在进行中。研究结果在 2020 年 7 月 2 日至 2021 年 11 月 2 日期间,共筛选出 124 名符合条件的患者,其中 84 人被纳入研究(队列 1 15 人、队列 2 15 人、队列 3 18 人、队列 4 18 人、队列 5 13 人、队列 6 5 人)。参与者主要为 HBeAg 阴性、亚洲人和男性(66 名[79%]参与者为男性,18 名[21%]参与者为女性)。大多数治疗突发不良事件为 1-2 级。队列 1 中有 3 人(20%)、队列 2 中有 4 人(27%)、队列 3 中有 8 人(44%)、队列 4 中有 7 人(39%)、队列 5 中有 6 人(46%)、队列 6 中有 2 人(40%)报告了与 VIR-2218 相关的治疗突发不良事件。队列2中有12人(80%)、队列3中有12人(67%)、队列4中有14人(78%)、队列5中有13人(100%)、队列6中有3人(60%)报告了与聚乙二醇干扰素-2a相关的治疗突发不良事件。队列 1 中有 2 人(13%)出现丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,而队列 2 中有 13 人(87%)、队列 3 中有 15 人(83%)、队列 4 中有 17 人(94%)、队列 5 中有 11 人(85%)、队列 6 中有 3 人(60%)出现这种情况。在任何时间点,HBsAg 浓度与基线相比的平均最大变化为:队列 1 -2-0 log10 IU/mL(95% CI -2-1~-1-8),队列 2 -2-2 log10 IU/mL(-2-5~-1-8)、队列 3 中为 -2-5 log10 IU/mL(-2-8 至 -2-1),队列 4 中为 -2-4 log10 IU/mL(-3-1 至 -1-8),队列 5 中为 -3-0 log10 IU/mL(-3-7 至 -2-3),队列 6 中为 -1-7 log10 IU/mL(-2-1 至 -1-4)。11名接受VIR-2218联合聚乙二醇干扰素-2a治疗的患者(队列2中1人,队列3中1人,队列4中5人,队列5中4人)在任何时间点均出现HBsAg血清清除。其中,10 人(91%;1 人在队列 2 中,5 人在队列 4 中,4 人在队列 5 中)抗 HBs 血清阳性。6名参与者(组群2中1名,组群4中3名,组群5中2名)在治疗结束后24周内持续清除HBsAg血清。接受VIR-2218单药治疗(队列1)或VIR-2218加聚乙二醇干扰素-2a 12周治疗方案(队列6)的患者均未出现HBsAg血清清除。基线时HBeAg阳性的26名参与者中,有12人(42%)(队列1的4人中有1人,队列2的6人中有2人,队列3的7人中有4人,队列4的6人中有4人,队列5的3人中有1人)HBeAg血清清除或抗-HBe血清转换。VIR-2218联合或不联合聚乙二醇干扰素-1-2a与HBsAg靶向单克隆抗体的其他临床试验正在进行中。
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引用次数: 0
The promise of indocyanine green in colorectal surgery. 吲哚菁绿在结直肠手术中的应用前景。
IF 30.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00235-8
Zoe Garoufalia
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引用次数: 0
Polyp detection with colonoscopy assisted by the GI Genius artificial intelligence endoscopy module compared with standard colonoscopy in routine colonoscopy practice (COLO-DETECT): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-arm, pragmatic randomised controlled trial. 在常规结肠镜检查实践中,使用 GI Genius 人工智能内镜检查模块辅助结肠镜检查与标准结肠镜检查进行息肉检测比较(COLO-DETECT):一项多中心、开放标签、平行臂、实用随机对照试验。
IF 30.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00161-4
Alexander Seager, Linda Sharp, Laura J Neilson, Andrew Brand, James S Hampton, Tom J W Lee, Rachel Evans, Luke Vale, John Whelpton, Nathania Bestwick, Colin J Rees
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased polyp detection during colonoscopy is associated with decreased post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. The COLO-DETECT trial aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of the GI Genius intelligent endoscopy module for polyp detection, comparing colonoscopy assisted by GI Genius (computer-aided detection [CADe]-assisted colonoscopy) with standard colonoscopy in routine practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a multicentre, open-label, parallel-arm, pragmatic randomised controlled trial in 12 National Health Service (NHS) hospitals (ten NHS Trusts) in England, among adults (aged ≥18 years) undergoing planned colonoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms or for surveillance due to personal or family history (ie, symptomatic indications), or colorectal cancer screening. Randomisation (1:1) to CADe-assisted colonoscopy or standard colonoscopy was done with a web-based dynamic adaptive algorithm, immediately before colonoscopy, with stratification by age group, sex, colonoscopy indication (screening or symptomatic), and NHS Trust. Recruiting staff, participants, and colonoscopists were unmasked to trial allocation; histopathologists, co-chief investigators, and trial statisticians were masked. CADe-assisted colonoscopy consisted of standard colonoscopy plus the GI Genius module active for at least the entire inspection phase of colonoscope withdrawal. The primary outcome was mean adenomas per procedure (total number of adenomas detected divided by total number of procedures); the key secondary outcome was adenoma detection rate (proportion of colonoscopies with at least one adenoma). Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT), with outcomes compared between groups by mixed-effects regression modelling, in which effect estimates were adjusted for randomisation stratification variables. Data were imputed for outcome measures with more than 5% missing values. All participants who underwent colonoscopy were assessed for safety. The trial is registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN10451355) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04723758), and is complete.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between March 29, 2021, and April 6, 2023, 2032 participants (1132 [55·7%] male, 900 [44·3%] female; mean age 62·4 years [SD 10·8]) were recruited and randomly assigned: 1015 to CADe-assisted colonoscopy and 1017 to standard colonoscopy. 1231 (60·6%) participants were undergoing screening and 801 (39·4%) had symptomatic indications. Mean adenomas per procedure was 1·56 (SD 2·82; n=1001 participants with available data) in the CADe-assisted colonoscopy group versus 1·21 (1·91; n=1009) in the standard colonoscopy group, representing an adjusted mean difference of 0·36 (95% CI 0·14-0·57; adjusted incidence rate ratio 1·30 [95% CI 1·15-1·47], p<0·0001). Adenomas were detected in 555 (56·6%) of 980 participants in the CADe-assisted colonoscopy group versus 477 (48·4%) of 986 in the standard colonoscopy group, representing a proportion d
背景:结肠镜检查中息肉检测率的提高与结肠镜检查后结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的降低有关。COLO-DETECT 试验旨在评估 GI Genius 智能内窥镜检查模块在息肉检测方面的临床效果,并将 GI Genius 辅助结肠镜检查(计算机辅助检测[CADe]辅助结肠镜检查)与常规做法中的标准结肠镜检查进行比较:我们在英格兰的 12 家国民健康服务(NHS)医院(10 个 NHS 信托基金会)开展了一项多中心、开放标签、平行臂、实用随机对照试验,对象是因胃肠道症状或因个人或家族病史(即症状适应症)或结直肠癌筛查而计划接受结肠镜检查的成年人(年龄≥18 岁)。在结肠镜检查前,通过网络动态自适应算法随机分配(1:1)CADe 辅助结肠镜检查或标准结肠镜检查,并根据年龄组、性别、结肠镜检查适应症(筛查或症状)和 NHS 信托基金会进行分层。招募人员、参与者和结肠镜医师均未蒙面,不参与试验分配;组织病理学家、联合首席研究员和试验统计人员均蒙面。CADe辅助结肠镜检查包括标准结肠镜检查和至少在结肠镜退出的整个检查阶段都在使用的GI Genius模块。主要结果是每次手术的平均腺瘤数(检测到的腺瘤总数除以手术总数);次要结果是腺瘤检测率(至少有一个腺瘤的结肠镜检查比例)。分析采用意向治疗(ITT)法,通过混合效应回归模型对各组间的结果进行比较,其中效应估计值根据随机分层变量进行了调整。对于缺失值超过5%的结果指标,将对数据进行估算。对所有接受结肠镜检查的参与者进行了安全性评估。该试验已在ISRCTN(ISRCTN10451355)和ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04723758)上注册,并已完成:2021年3月29日至2023年4月6日期间,共招募并随机分配了2032名参与者(男性1132人[55-7%],女性900人[44-3%];平均年龄62-4岁[SD 10-8]):其中 1015 人接受 CADe 辅助结肠镜检查,1017 人接受标准结肠镜检查。1231人(60-6%)正在接受筛查,801人(39-4%)有症状指征。CADe辅助结肠镜检查组每次检查的平均腺瘤数为1-56(标度2-82;人数=1001,有可用数据),而标准结肠镜检查组为1-21(1-91;人数=1009),调整后的平均差异为0-36(95% CI 0-14-0-57;调整后的发病率比为1-30 [95% CI 1-15-1-47],p解释:COLO-DETECT试验结果支持在常规结肠镜检查中使用消化道天才来提高恶性前大肠息肉的检出率:资金来源:美敦力公司。
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引用次数: 0
Breaking down barriers between liver, addiction, and mental health services for people with alcohol-related liver disease. 打破为酒精相关肝病患者提供的肝脏、成瘾和心理健康服务之间的障碍。
IF 30.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00189-4
Ashwin D Dhanda, Victoria Allgar, Neeraj Bhala, Lynne Callaghan, Joana Castro, Shilpa Chokshi, Amanda Clements, Colin Drummond, Ewan H Forrest, Lesle Manning, Richard Parker, Debbie L Shawcross, Jennifer Towey
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引用次数: 0
Metastatic pancreatic cancer: a new standardised dose-reduction regimen? 转移性胰腺癌:新的标准化剂量减少方案?
IF 30.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00227-9
Paula Ghaneh, Daniel Palmer
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引用次数: 0
The need for affordable, pragmatic, investigator-led clinical trials of treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. 需要对炎症性肠病的治疗策略进行负担得起的、务实的、由研究者主导的临床试验。
IF 30.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00225-5
Nurulamin M Noor, Shaji Sebastian, Miles Parkes, Tim Raine
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
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