J. Lovich, B. Christman, K. Cummings, Jenna Norris, Shellie R. Puffer, Cristina A. Jones
Abstract: The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is widely distributed from coast to coast in North America with each of four subspecies generally occupying different regions. In the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, where C. p. bellii is the expected native race, populations are small and widelyscattered. Introduced populations of other painted turtle subspecies are reported from various locations in the USA. We discovered a small but dense introduced population of C. p. marginata on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona, a region with few, if any, turtles due to aridity and an elevated topography with little surface water. The turtles were in a remote pond constructed to provide cattle with water. Chrysemys p. marginata occur naturally east of the Mississippi River, over 2,000 km away. The nearest native population of C. p. bellii in Arizona is over 160 km away. We observed nesting females, juveniles, and the presence of shelled eggs in females via Xradiography confirming a self-sustaining population. The body sizes and nesting season we observed were consistent with data for those variables from native populations of the taxon. It is unknown exactly how the turtles came to be established in such a remote location, but it is unlikely that they will spread due to the scarcity of perennial water sources in the semi-arid region. Due to increasing drought frequency and duration in the region, small populations like this one, introduced into a novel environment, may be bellwethers for monitoring the effects of climate change.
{"title":"An Introduced Breeding Population of Chrysemys picta marginata in the Kaibab National Forest, Northern Arizona","authors":"J. Lovich, B. Christman, K. Cummings, Jenna Norris, Shellie R. Puffer, Cristina A. Jones","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.91","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is widely distributed from coast to coast in North America with each of four subspecies generally occupying different regions. In the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, where C. p. bellii is the expected native race, populations are small and widelyscattered. Introduced populations of other painted turtle subspecies are reported from various locations in the USA. We discovered a small but dense introduced population of C. p. marginata on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona, a region with few, if any, turtles due to aridity and an elevated topography with little surface water. The turtles were in a remote pond constructed to provide cattle with water. Chrysemys p. marginata occur naturally east of the Mississippi River, over 2,000 km away. The nearest native population of C. p. bellii in Arizona is over 160 km away. We observed nesting females, juveniles, and the presence of shelled eggs in females via Xradiography confirming a self-sustaining population. The body sizes and nesting season we observed were consistent with data for those variables from native populations of the taxon. It is unknown exactly how the turtles came to be established in such a remote location, but it is unlikely that they will spread due to the scarcity of perennial water sources in the semi-arid region. Due to increasing drought frequency and duration in the region, small populations like this one, introduced into a novel environment, may be bellwethers for monitoring the effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45131278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rare or newly discovered species are attractive targets for poaching as they often command a high value in the international market. Endemic species often have a very restricted range, making them extremely vulnerable to stochastic events and human activities, including poaching. Previous studies have shown that several species endemic to the Nansei Islands in Japan are available in the international pet trade. This paper further investigates the presence of live reptiles and amphibians endemic to the Nansei Islands in international pet trade. Seven Facebook groups and five classified websites were searched for these species, in addition to the CITES database and a spotcheck at Chatuchak market in Thailand. Nansei Island endemic reptiles and amphibians are more common in the international pet trade than initially thought. During the study period, advertisements for 23 species endemic to the Nansei Islands were found, comprising a total of 360 specimens. In addition, during a spot-check, 8 individuals of 2 subspecies of Japanese sword-tail newt were found at Chatuchak market in Thailand. Only three of these species are protected by the CITES and nine are regionally or nationally protected. Yet, ten species observed in international markets are classified as Endangered by IUCN and two even as Critically Endangered. The large numbers observed for the Endangered and Critically Endangered Goniurosaurus and Takydromus species warrants increased protection and a CITES Appendix III listing is recommended for these species.
{"title":"Trade in Endangered and Critically Endangered Japanese Herpetofauna Endemic to The Nansei Islands Warrants Increased Protection","authors":"J.A.M. Janssen, C. Shepherd","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.99","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Rare or newly discovered species are attractive targets for poaching as they often command a high value in the international market. Endemic species often have a very restricted range, making them extremely vulnerable to stochastic events and human activities, including poaching. Previous studies have shown that several species endemic to the Nansei Islands in Japan are available in the international pet trade. This paper further investigates the presence of live reptiles and amphibians endemic to the Nansei Islands in international pet trade. Seven Facebook groups and five classified websites were searched for these species, in addition to the CITES database and a spotcheck at Chatuchak market in Thailand. Nansei Island endemic reptiles and amphibians are more common in the international pet trade than initially thought. During the study period, advertisements for 23 species endemic to the Nansei Islands were found, comprising a total of 360 specimens. In addition, during a spot-check, 8 individuals of 2 subspecies of Japanese sword-tail newt were found at Chatuchak market in Thailand. Only three of these species are protected by the CITES and nine are regionally or nationally protected. Yet, ten species observed in international markets are classified as Endangered by IUCN and two even as Critically Endangered. The large numbers observed for the Endangered and Critically Endangered Goniurosaurus and Takydromus species warrants increased protection and a CITES Appendix III listing is recommended for these species.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"109 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The Japanese mamushi, Gloydius blomhoffii, is a medium-sized pit viper found in Japan, Korea, and China and is one of the most familiar snake species to Japanese people due to its nutritional and medicinal value, as well as its venomous nature. Although the reproductive biology (e.g., mating season, breeding cycle, spermatogenesis, follicular growth, and pregnancy period) of the mamushi has been partly investigated, there is no detailed report about how the embryos of the mamushi develop in the mother's oviduct. To provide new information about developmental and reproductive biology of the mamushi and to provide a basis for evolutionary developmental studies aimed at understanding morphological evolution of pit vipers, we described embryonic development of the mamushi covering the middle pharyngula and just before birth, during which pit viper-specific anatomical traits are formed.
{"title":"Embryonic Development of the Japanese Mamushi, Gloydius blomhoffii (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)","authors":"Masayoshi Tokita, Hiroki Watanabe","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Japanese mamushi, Gloydius blomhoffii, is a medium-sized pit viper found in Japan, Korea, and China and is one of the most familiar snake species to Japanese people due to its nutritional and medicinal value, as well as its venomous nature. Although the reproductive biology (e.g., mating season, breeding cycle, spermatogenesis, follicular growth, and pregnancy period) of the mamushi has been partly investigated, there is no detailed report about how the embryos of the mamushi develop in the mother's oviduct. To provide new information about developmental and reproductive biology of the mamushi and to provide a basis for evolutionary developmental studies aimed at understanding morphological evolution of pit vipers, we described embryonic development of the mamushi covering the middle pharyngula and just before birth, during which pit viper-specific anatomical traits are formed.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"13 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45351444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Matsui, H. Okawa, K. Nishikawa, G. Aoki, Koshiro Eto, Natsuhiko Yoshikawa, S. Tanabe, Y. Misawa, A. Tominaga
Abstract The abundant clouded salamander from western Japan, Hynobius nebulosus, has long been considered a single widespread species, although some authors have suggested the inclusion of several cryptic species. This led to a molecular and morphological analysis of populations from all parts of the known range. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and nuclear genome differentiations were estimated by multiplexed inter simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). The results suggest that H. nebulosus hitherto recognized consists of at least nine species. We applied existing names to two of them, H. nebulosus (Temminck et Schlegel) and H. vandenburghi Dunn, and described seven others as new species.
来自日本西部的云蝾螈，Hynobius nebulosus，一直被认为是一个单一的广泛分布的物种，尽管一些作者认为包括几个隐蔽的物种。这导致了对已知范围内所有地区的种群进行分子和形态分析。从线粒体细胞色素b基因的完整序列推断出系统发育关系，并通过多重简单序列重复基因分型测序(MIG-seq)估计核基因组分化。结果表明，到目前为止，已知的星云螺旋虫至少有9种。我们将其中两种命名为H. nebulosus (Temminck et Schlegel)和H. vandenburghi Dunn，并将另外7种描述为新种。
{"title":"Systematics of the Widely Distributed Japanese Clouded Salamander, Hynobius nebulosus (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae), and Its Closest Relatives","authors":"M. Matsui, H. Okawa, K. Nishikawa, G. Aoki, Koshiro Eto, Natsuhiko Yoshikawa, S. Tanabe, Y. Misawa, A. Tominaga","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The abundant clouded salamander from western Japan, Hynobius nebulosus, has long been considered a single widespread species, although some authors have suggested the inclusion of several cryptic species. This led to a molecular and morphological analysis of populations from all parts of the known range. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and nuclear genome differentiations were estimated by multiplexed inter simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). The results suggest that H. nebulosus hitherto recognized consists of at least nine species. We applied existing names to two of them, H. nebulosus (Temminck et Schlegel) and H. vandenburghi Dunn, and described seven others as new species.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"32 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70621738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Larval morphology offers some of the more important characters for the taxonomy of Meristogenys, and larval information of almost all species has been reported for this genus. However, some larval assignments in previous studies were not based on reliable methods and should be reexamined using modern techniques. In this study, we used molecular methods to re-examine the larval assignments for M. poecilus, whose larvae had been assigned previously based on conventional morphological methods. The analysis revealed that the larvae of this species had been misidentified as M. phaeomerus, a sympatric species. Here we correct the erroneous assignment and briefly comment about the taxonomic status of M. phaeomerus and M. orphnocnemis, based on our results.
{"title":"Re-Examination of Larval Assignment of Meristogenys poecilus in Sarawak, Borneo, with a Diagnostic Table of Meristogenys Larvae","authors":"Tomohiko Shimada, M. Matsui","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Larval morphology offers some of the more important characters for the taxonomy of Meristogenys, and larval information of almost all species has been reported for this genus. However, some larval assignments in previous studies were not based on reliable methods and should be reexamined using modern techniques. In this study, we used molecular methods to re-examine the larval assignments for M. poecilus, whose larvae had been assigned previously based on conventional morphological methods. The analysis revealed that the larvae of this species had been misidentified as M. phaeomerus, a sympatric species. Here we correct the erroneous assignment and briefly comment about the taxonomic status of M. phaeomerus and M. orphnocnemis, based on our results.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"23 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Taffarel, Juan M Boeris, Nestor Fariña, P. J. Torres, E. Krauczuk, J. M. Ferro
Abstract The aim of this paper is to report 10 predation events of anuran amphibians by giant water bugs of the genus Lethocerus in different localities in northeastern Argentina. With the exception of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus biligonigerus, they are all new records of adult anurans being prey to these invertebrates. We conclude that this interaction is of extremely importance in the regulation of amphibian populations and should be studied in a thorough manner.
{"title":"New Records of Anuran Predation by Giant Water Bugs of the Genus Lethocerus in Argentina (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)","authors":"Alberto Taffarel, Juan M Boeris, Nestor Fariña, P. J. Torres, E. Krauczuk, J. M. Ferro","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The aim of this paper is to report 10 predation events of anuran amphibians by giant water bugs of the genus Lethocerus in different localities in northeastern Argentina. With the exception of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus biligonigerus, they are all new records of adult anurans being prey to these invertebrates. We conclude that this interaction is of extremely importance in the regulation of amphibian populations and should be studied in a thorough manner.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"110 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The traits of many animal species exhibit individual and sexual differences. Individuals repeatedly receiving a stimulus without harm become habituated to it. However, few studies have been conducted on individual and sexual differences in the process of habituation to unfamiliar food stimuli. Therefore, we hypothesized that individual differences or sexual differences would be observed in reaction to an in-lab food-stimuli presentation of potential prey items (after that “food stimuli”). We tested the hypothesis using the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica, and conducted statistical analyses of these results. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed individual and sexual differences in time to get used to the food stimuli. Females habituated more rapidly to food stimuli than males. The difference between sexes is discussed in view of two ultimate and one proximate reasons.
{"title":"Individual and Sexual Differences in Time to Habituate to Food-Stimuli Presentation of Potential Prey in Hyla Japonica","authors":"Shintaro Tanabe, E. Kasuya, T. Miyatake","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The traits of many animal species exhibit individual and sexual differences. Individuals repeatedly receiving a stimulus without harm become habituated to it. However, few studies have been conducted on individual and sexual differences in the process of habituation to unfamiliar food stimuli. Therefore, we hypothesized that individual differences or sexual differences would be observed in reaction to an in-lab food-stimuli presentation of potential prey items (after that “food stimuli”). We tested the hypothesis using the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica, and conducted statistical analyses of these results. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed individual and sexual differences in time to get used to the food stimuli. Females habituated more rapidly to food stimuli than males. The difference between sexes is discussed in view of two ultimate and one proximate reasons.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"14 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iwata, Kaoru Tohmine, Hideyuki Jumonji, Tetsuya Yoshida, Yusuke Saito, Tamaki Okuno, Yoshiaki Morino, H. Wada
Abstract: Galápagos tortoises are a symbolic animal in terms of conservation biology as well as evolutionary biology, and both in situ and ex situ conservation programs are currently underway. For endangered species, captive individuals can perform a certain role as genetic reservoirs for ongoing and future breeding programs We examined the genetic identities of two giant tortoises in Ueno Zoo, Japan. The mitochondrial genotype of the older tortoise, Taro, as appeared to be that of Chelonoidis porteri from Santa Cruz island. The mitochondrial genotype of the younger tortoise, Kamekichi, was identified as either C. becki from the northern area of Isabela island, or C. darwini from Santiago island. These genetic analyses serve as reference data for the future conservation management of captive Galápagos tortoises.
{"title":"Genetic Origin of the Two Galápagos Tortoises in the Ueno Zoo, Japan Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences","authors":"E. Iwata, Kaoru Tohmine, Hideyuki Jumonji, Tetsuya Yoshida, Yusuke Saito, Tamaki Okuno, Yoshiaki Morino, H. Wada","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Galápagos tortoises are a symbolic animal in terms of conservation biology as well as evolutionary biology, and both in situ and ex situ conservation programs are currently underway. For endangered species, captive individuals can perform a certain role as genetic reservoirs for ongoing and future breeding programs We examined the genetic identities of two giant tortoises in Ueno Zoo, Japan. The mitochondrial genotype of the older tortoise, Taro, as appeared to be that of Chelonoidis porteri from Santa Cruz island. The mitochondrial genotype of the younger tortoise, Kamekichi, was identified as either C. becki from the northern area of Isabela island, or C. darwini from Santiago island. These genetic analyses serve as reference data for the future conservation management of captive Galápagos tortoises.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Matsui, Natsuhiko Yoshikawa, Tomoko Tanaka-Ueno, Takanori Sato, S. Takenaka, S. Terui, Yasuyuki Oppata, A. Tominaga
Abstract: We sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 14 samples of Siberian salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii, from a population newly found in Kamishihoro-cho, eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and conducted phylogenetic analysis to reveal genetic identity of the population. The Kamishihoro population was most closely related to the geographically adjacent Kushiro population from Hokkaido, but possessed a single, unique haplotype. This result indicates that the Kamishihoro population is not an introduced, but a native population. Salamandrella keyserlingii is thought to have been once widespread throughout Sakhalin to Hokkaido, but the range was greatly narrowed subsequently in Hokkaido, with the divergence of the Kamishihoro and Kushiro populations at 0.34 MYBP, Middle Pleistocene.
{"title":"A Genetic Study of a Newly Found Population of Siberian Salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Amphibia, Caudata)","authors":"M. Matsui, Natsuhiko Yoshikawa, Tomoko Tanaka-Ueno, Takanori Sato, S. Takenaka, S. Terui, Yasuyuki Oppata, A. Tominaga","doi":"10.5358/HSJ.38.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/HSJ.38.122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 14 samples of Siberian salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii, from a population newly found in Kamishihoro-cho, eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and conducted phylogenetic analysis to reveal genetic identity of the population. The Kamishihoro population was most closely related to the geographically adjacent Kushiro population from Hokkaido, but possessed a single, unique haplotype. This result indicates that the Kamishihoro population is not an introduced, but a native population. Salamandrella keyserlingii is thought to have been once widespread throughout Sakhalin to Hokkaido, but the range was greatly narrowed subsequently in Hokkaido, with the divergence of the Kamishihoro and Kushiro populations at 0.34 MYBP, Middle Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70621849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Borteiro, S. Rosset, F. Kolenc, D. A. Barrasso, J. Lescano, D. Baldo
Abstract: Observations on stereotyped defensive behaviours are presented for 7 frog species of the Neotropical genus Odontophrynus from Argentina and Uruguay. Seven stereotyped postures were observed, among which the most common observed were puffing up the body, contracting, and crouching down. Newly reported behaviours include tongue protrusion, eye protection, and some combinations of postures. We provide an account of defensive behaviours already described in Odontophrynus and discuss the correspondence between the terminology used by previous authors and recently proposed classifications. In addition, we highlight defensive mechanisms associated with the body raising posture in Neotropical anurans, which may include intimidating predators, body shape disruption, warning signaling, and exposure of skin macroglands.
{"title":"Stereotyped Defensive Behaviours in Frogs of the Genus Odontophrynus (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae)","authors":"C. Borteiro, S. Rosset, F. Kolenc, D. A. Barrasso, J. Lescano, D. Baldo","doi":"10.5358/hsj.37.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.37.172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Observations on stereotyped defensive behaviours are presented for 7 frog species of the Neotropical genus Odontophrynus from Argentina and Uruguay. Seven stereotyped postures were observed, among which the most common observed were puffing up the body, contracting, and crouching down. Newly reported behaviours include tongue protrusion, eye protection, and some combinations of postures. We provide an account of defensive behaviours already described in Odontophrynus and discuss the correspondence between the terminology used by previous authors and recently proposed classifications. In addition, we highlight defensive mechanisms associated with the body raising posture in Neotropical anurans, which may include intimidating predators, body shape disruption, warning signaling, and exposure of skin macroglands.","PeriodicalId":56053,"journal":{"name":"Current Herpetology","volume":"37 1","pages":"172 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5358/hsj.37.172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45745924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：