Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3295
Stephen Clayden
{"title":"Notes on the natural history of Donald F. McAlpine","authors":"Stephen Clayden","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3327
Tianna Burke
{"title":"\"30 Animals that Made Us Smarter: Stories of the Natural World that Inspired Human Ingenuity\" by Patrick Aryee, 2022 [book review]","authors":"Tianna Burke","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3193
Stephen Clayden, Kendra E. Driscoll, Hinrich Harries
Fifteen species of the crustose lichen genus Rinodina are confirmed in New Brunswick, Canada. We report four corticolous species, Rinodina pachysperma, Rinodina populicola, Rinodina septentrionalis, and Rinodina tenuis, and the saxicolous Rinodina tephraspis in the province for the first time. A previous report of Rinodina granuligera is based on a specimen that we have re-identified as Rinodina cinereovirens. We note distinguishing characteristics, habitats, substrata, relative abundance, and biogeographic relationships of each species and provide an identification key and distribution maps. The most frequently occupied phorophytes (tree substrata) are Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and Eastern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis). Some species are closely associated with particular habitats, phorophytes, or both. For example, we found R. pachysperma only in floodplain forests dominated by Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), and R. tenuis only on Eastern White Cedar in wet cedar-dominated stands. In contrast, we recorded Rinodina freyi on numerous phorophyte species in a relatively wide range of habitats. Other than Eastern White Cedar and Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), conifers are rarely colonized by Rinodina species in New Brunswick. Most Rinodina species are probably not currently of conservation concern in the province. However, R. cinereovirens is known from only two collections, one dating from 1902. The other, from 2007, was on Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) in a swamp forest next to an active peat-mining operation. The expected devastation of ash species by the invasive Emerald Ash-borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a further threat to this occurrence and to any lichens for which ash may be an important phorophyte.
{"title":"The lichen genus Rinodina (Physciaceae) in New Brunswick, Canada","authors":"Stephen Clayden, Kendra E. Driscoll, Hinrich Harries","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3193","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen species of the crustose lichen genus Rinodina are confirmed in New Brunswick, Canada. We report four corticolous species, Rinodina pachysperma, Rinodina populicola, Rinodina septentrionalis, and Rinodina tenuis, and the saxicolous Rinodina tephraspis in the province for the first time. A previous report of Rinodina granuligera is based on a specimen that we have re-identified as Rinodina cinereovirens. We note distinguishing characteristics, habitats, substrata, relative abundance, and biogeographic relationships of each species and provide an identification key and distribution maps. The most frequently occupied phorophytes (tree substrata) are Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and Eastern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis). Some species are closely associated with particular habitats, phorophytes, or both. For example, we found R. pachysperma only in floodplain forests dominated by Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), and R. tenuis only on Eastern White Cedar in wet cedar-dominated stands. In contrast, we recorded Rinodina freyi on numerous phorophyte species in a relatively wide range of habitats. Other than Eastern White Cedar and Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), conifers are rarely colonized by Rinodina species in New Brunswick. Most Rinodina species are probably not currently of conservation concern in the province. However, R. cinereovirens is known from only two collections, one dating from 1902. The other, from 2007, was on Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) in a swamp forest next to an active peat-mining operation. The expected devastation of ash species by the invasive Emerald Ash-borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a further threat to this occurrence and to any lichens for which ash may be an important phorophyte.","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3259
Jonathan Way
{"title":"\"The Deadly Balance: Predators and People in a Crowded World\" by Adam Hart, 2023 [book review]","authors":"Jonathan Way","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3123
Shaylyn Wallace, Douglas Munn, Kristine Hanifen, Gregory Jongsma, Donald McAlpine
We provide a preliminary population estimate (n = 120, 95% CI 65–722) of (male) Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) at the Hyla Park Nature Preserve, New Brunswick, Canada’s first amphibian conservation site. As proof of concept, we also demonstrate the efficacy of a minimally invasive photographic identification method (PIM) that uses pattern recognition software for estimating the population of a visually cryptic amphibian that is subject to physiological colour change. Finally, we validate the use of PIM data collected by community participants and the opportunity it provides to engage and educate the local community about amphibian conservation.
我们提供了加拿大新不伦瑞克省海拉公园自然保护区（加拿大第一个两栖动物保护区）灰树蛙（Hyla versicolor）（雄性）的初步种群数量估计（n = 120，95% CI 65-722）。作为概念验证，我们还展示了一种微创摄影识别方法（PIM）的功效，该方法使用模式识别软件来估算一种视觉隐蔽的两栖动物的种群数量，这种两栖动物会发生生理颜色变化。最后，我们验证了由社区参与者收集的 PIM 数据的用途，以及它为当地社区参与两栖动物保护和教育提供的机会。
{"title":"Preliminary estimate of a Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) population at a protected site in New Brunswick using photo identification and community science","authors":"Shaylyn Wallace, Douglas Munn, Kristine Hanifen, Gregory Jongsma, Donald McAlpine","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3123","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a preliminary population estimate (n = 120, 95% CI 65–722) of (male) Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) at the Hyla Park Nature Preserve, New Brunswick, Canada’s first amphibian conservation site. As proof of concept, we also demonstrate the efficacy of a minimally invasive photographic identification method (PIM) that uses pattern recognition software for estimating the population of a visually cryptic amphibian that is subject to physiological colour change. Finally, we validate the use of PIM data collected by community participants and the opportunity it provides to engage and educate the local community about amphibian conservation.","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3321
Randy Lauff
{"title":"\"Endless Forms: the Secret World of Wasps\" by Seirian Sumner, 2022 [book review]","authors":"Randy Lauff","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3335
Eleanor Zurbrigg, Bob Cermak, Owen Clarkin, Gord Robertson, Jakob Mueller, Ken Young, Ted Farnworth, Robert Lee, Kerri Keith, Jeffery Saarela, Janette Niwa, A. MacKenzie
{"title":"Annual OFNC Committee Reports for 2022","authors":"Eleanor Zurbrigg, Bob Cermak, Owen Clarkin, Gord Robertson, Jakob Mueller, Ken Young, Ted Farnworth, Robert Lee, Kerri Keith, Jeffery Saarela, Janette Niwa, A. MacKenzie","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3127
Brittni Scott, Randy Milton, Scott McBurney, Donald Stewart
Eastern Moose (Alces americanus americanus (Clinton, 1822)) on mainland Nova Scotia (MNS) are declining and experience limited immigration across the Isthmus of Chignecto from the larger population in neighbouring New Brunswick. Provincially Endangered, the recovery strategy for MNS Moose involves mitigating various threats that may lead to local extirpation. We examine genetic diversity of MNS Moose using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region sequences. Genetic similarities with the Alces a. americana population in New Brunswick and the introduced Northwestern Moose (Alces americanus andersoni (= Alces alces andersoni) Peterson, 1952) population on Cape Breton Island are also analysed. Observed heterozygosity for microsatellites for MNS Moose was low and there was also evidence of limited gene flow between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick across the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto that connects these provinces. Consistent with relatively recent colonization of North America by Moose dispersing across the Bering Land Bridge <15 000 years ago, mtDNA haplotypes of MNS Moose were identical or extremely similar to haplotypes found across North America. However, mtDNA diversity was lower in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick than in more central regions of the species’ range. Active measures to maintain habitat that promote connectivity across the Isthmus of Chignecto would likely be valuable for Moose in terms of maintaining genetic variation in the region and reducing inbreeding.
新斯科舍省大陆（MNS）上的东方驼鹿（Alces americanus americanus (Clinton, 1822)）数量正在减少，从邻近的新不伦瑞克省较大的种群跨越奇格涅克托地峡（Isthmus of Chignecto）迁入的数量有限。MNS 麋鹿已被列为省级濒危物种，其恢复战略包括减轻可能导致其在当地灭绝的各种威胁。我们使用微卫星标记和线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）控制区序列研究了 MNS 麋鹿的遗传多样性。我们还分析了与新不伦瑞克的美洲驼鹿（Alces a. americana）种群和布雷顿角岛引进的西北驼鹿（Alces americanus andersoni (= Alces alces andersoni) Peterson, 1952）种群的遗传相似性。观察到的 MNS 麋鹿微卫星杂合度很低，而且有证据表明，新斯科舍省和新不伦瑞克省之间跨越连接这两个省的狭窄的奇格涅克托地峡的基因流动很有限。驼鹿在北美的殖民时间相对较短，跨越白令陆桥的时间小于 15000 年，与此相一致的是，MNS 驼鹿的 mtDNA 单倍型与北美各地发现的单倍型相同或极为相似。然而，新斯科舍省和新不伦瑞克省的 mtDNA 多样性低于该物种分布区的中部地区。采取积极措施维护栖息地，促进整个奇格涅克托地峡的连通性，可能对麋鹿保持该地区的遗传变异和减少近亲繁殖很有价值。
{"title":"Population genetic structure of the provincially endangered mainland Eastern Moose (Alces americanus americanus) in Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"Brittni Scott, Randy Milton, Scott McBurney, Donald Stewart","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3127","url":null,"abstract":"Eastern Moose (Alces americanus americanus (Clinton, 1822)) on mainland Nova Scotia (MNS) are declining and experience limited immigration across the Isthmus of Chignecto from the larger population in neighbouring New Brunswick. Provincially Endangered, the recovery strategy for MNS Moose involves mitigating various threats that may lead to local extirpation. We examine genetic diversity of MNS Moose using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region sequences. Genetic similarities with the Alces a. americana population in New Brunswick and the introduced Northwestern Moose (Alces americanus andersoni (= Alces alces andersoni) Peterson, 1952) population on Cape Breton Island are also analysed. Observed heterozygosity for microsatellites for MNS Moose was low and there was also evidence of limited gene flow between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick across the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto that connects these provinces. Consistent with relatively recent colonization of North America by Moose dispersing across the Bering Land Bridge <15 000 years ago, mtDNA haplotypes of MNS Moose were identical or extremely similar to haplotypes found across North America. However, mtDNA diversity was lower in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick than in more central regions of the species’ range. Active measures to maintain habitat that promote connectivity across the Isthmus of Chignecto would likely be valuable for Moose in terms of maintaining genetic variation in the region and reducing inbreeding.","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3063
Constance L. Browne, Andrew Sullivan
Understanding variation in demographics and life history across species ranges and differing landcover types is valuable for conservation planning. We examined the population demographics of a small urban population of Eastern Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta picta) in New Brunswick, Canada, near the northern limit of the species’ range. We captured turtles using hoop traps and by hand during four sampling periods. We estimated that our population included 17 females, nine males, and 29 juveniles in late summer 2015 using Jolly-Seber population size estimates. We captured several very large females at our study site; 5/17 females (29%) were larger than previous size records for the subspecies. Growth rates for juveniles were greater than most populations of Eastern Painted Turtles reported elsewhere. Growth rates at our site were significantly greater for smaller (younger) turtles and for females compared to males. Overwinter survivorship estimates were 100% from late summer 2014 to spring 2015. Active season (2015) survivorship was 100% for females, 89% for males, and 93% for juveniles. We speculate that the large body sizes found at our study site were achieved through high survivorship and larger growth rates compared to other areas reported previously. Our data supports previous findings that body size of Painted Turtles increases with latitude, and additionally, growth may have been enhanced by increased nutrient levels common in human-modified landscapes.
{"title":"Size records and demographics of an Eastern Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta picta) urban population near the northern limit of the species’ range in eastern Canada","authors":"Constance L. Browne, Andrew Sullivan","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3063","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding variation in demographics and life history across species ranges and differing landcover types is valuable for conservation planning. We examined the population demographics of a small urban population of Eastern Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta picta) in New Brunswick, Canada, near the northern limit of the species’ range. We captured turtles using hoop traps and by hand during four sampling periods. We estimated that our population included 17 females, nine males, and 29 juveniles in late summer 2015 using Jolly-Seber population size estimates. We captured several very large females at our study site; 5/17 females (29%) were larger than previous size records for the subspecies. Growth rates for juveniles were greater than most populations of Eastern Painted Turtles reported elsewhere. Growth rates at our site were significantly greater for smaller (younger) turtles and for females compared to males. Overwinter survivorship estimates were 100% from late summer 2014 to spring 2015. Active season (2015) survivorship was 100% for females, 89% for males, and 93% for juveniles. We speculate that the large body sizes found at our study site were achieved through high survivorship and larger growth rates compared to other areas reported previously. Our data supports previous findings that body size of Painted Turtles increases with latitude, and additionally, growth may have been enhanced by increased nutrient levels common in human-modified landscapes.","PeriodicalId":56136,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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