Pub Date : 2010-11-02DOI: 10.1127/PALB/284/2010/13
S. D. Silva-Caminha, C. Jaramillo, M. Absy
The tropics of South America hold the largest plant diversity in the world, yet the origins and processes leading to this high diversity still remain elusive. The Neogene sedimentary and fossil record of Amazonia could contain important clues to understanding the evolution of the Amazonian forest. Here, we study the pollen and spore record of two drill cores of the Neogene Solimões Formation taken in northwestern Brazil, east of the Iquitos Arch. We studied 41 palynological samples and used several techniques to analyze the results, including Unitary Associations, a quantitative biostratigraphic technique, and Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. We describe 109 species, 51 of which are new, and seven new combinations. The biostratigraphic analysis indicates that the age of the Solimões Formation in the study area is Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. This age is younger than that of nearby sections located west of the Iquitos arch, suggesting that the Iquitos Arch was active during the accumulation of the Solimões Formation. The pollen/spore assemblages indicate that the Solimões accumulated in fluvial deposits. We did not find evidence of either marine/tidal-flat deposits or extensive lakes.
{"title":"Neogene palynology of the Solimões Basin, Brazilian Amazonia","authors":"S. D. Silva-Caminha, C. Jaramillo, M. Absy","doi":"10.1127/PALB/284/2010/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/284/2010/13","url":null,"abstract":"The tropics of South America hold the largest plant diversity in the world, yet the origins and processes leading to this high diversity still remain elusive. The Neogene sedimentary and fossil record of Amazonia could contain important clues to understanding the evolution of the Amazonian forest. Here, we study the pollen and spore record of two drill cores of the Neogene Solimões Formation taken in northwestern Brazil, east of the Iquitos Arch. We studied 41 palynological samples and used several techniques to analyze the results, including Unitary Associations, a quantitative biostratigraphic technique, and Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. We describe 109 species, 51 of which are new, and seven new combinations. The biostratigraphic analysis indicates that the age of the Solimões Formation in the study area is Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. This age is younger than that of nearby sections located west of the Iquitos arch, suggesting that the Iquitos Arch was active during the accumulation of the Solimões Formation. The pollen/spore assemblages indicate that the Solimões accumulated in fluvial deposits. We did not find evidence of either marine/tidal-flat deposits or extensive lakes.","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"45 1","pages":"13-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80656348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remains of the genus Choerospondias Burtt et Hill of the family Anacardiaceae are reported from the Lowest Middle Miocene flora of the Turów brown coal open-cast mine. Choerospondias turovensis n. sp. is described and compared with the single contemporary representative, Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt et W. Hill. This is the first report of remains of this genus from the European Neogene.
报道了Turów褐煤露天矿中中新世晚期植物区系中发现的菊苣属(Choerospondias Burtt et Hill)化石。描述了turovensichoerospondias n. sp.并将其与单一的当代代表，Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.)进行了比较。B. L.伯特和W.希尔。这是欧洲新近纪首次报道的该属化石。
{"title":"Choerospondias turovensis n. sp., a new Anacardiacean species of the European Neogene identified from the Turów brown coal open-cast mine","authors":"R. Kowalski","doi":"10.1127/PALB/284/2010/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/284/2010/1","url":null,"abstract":"Remains of the genus Choerospondias Burtt et Hill of the family Anacardiaceae are reported from the Lowest Middle Miocene flora of the Turów brown coal open-cast mine. Choerospondias turovensis n. sp. is described and compared with the single contemporary representative, Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt et W. Hill. This is the first report of remains of this genus from the European Neogene.","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72651497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-04DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/157
A. Schmidt, H. Dörfelt, Steffi Struwe, V. Perrichot
{"title":"Evidence for fungivory in Cretaceous amber forests from Gondwana and Laurasia","authors":"A. Schmidt, H. Dörfelt, Steffi Struwe, V. Perrichot","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"68 1","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77146182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-04DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/137
T. Wappler, M. Tokuda, J. Yukawa, V. Wilde
{"title":"Insect herbivores on Laurophyllum lanigeroides (Engelhardt 1922) Wilde: the role of a distinct plant-insect associational suite in host taxonomic assignment","authors":"T. Wappler, M. Tokuda, J. Yukawa, V. Wilde","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"83 1","pages":"137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84022290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-04DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/175
S. Wedmann
{"title":"A brief review of the fossil history of plantmasquerade by insects","authors":"S. Wedmann","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"241 1","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73343964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-04DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/99
T. Wappler
{"title":"Plant-Insect Interactions in Deep Time: Contributions from the 8th International Organisation of Palaeobotany Conference in Bonn, Germany, August 30 – September 5, 2008","authors":"T. Wappler","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"15 1","pages":"99-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81716665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-04DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/103
David Winship, Shusheng Hu
Pollen morphology has traditionally been used to distinguish wind from animal pollination in angiosperms. In addition, the body of literature on Cretaceous angiosperm pollen clumps that may have had either a botanical or zoological origin is growing. Modern pollination biology studies suggest that the evolution of pollen clumping in flowers, resulting in floral pollen clumps, is attributable to insect pollination and that sticky pollen may be ancestral in angiosperms. The study of feces from pollen-eating insects suggests that pollen-containing coprolites (fossil insect fecal pellets) may provide information on both the organisms consuming the pollen and the identity of potential pollinators. We present here a preliminary study on dispersed pollen samples from Aptian to Campanian strata in the U.S.A. to examine the frequency of pollination modes based on dispersed pollen and to track the presence of pollen clumps. Criteria were developed to distinguish between floral pollen clumps and pollen-containing coprolites that show that fossil floral pollen clumps are irregularly shaped with rough surfaces and are composed of a single species of well-preserved grains, while the pollen-containing coprolites are regularly shaped with smooth surfaces and contain damaged grains. The preliminary data on the frequency of dispersed pollen support previous hypotheses that the Early Cretaceous angiosperms were insect-pollinated and that wind pollination became important later during the mid-Cretaceous. These pollen data also support the idea that ambophilous pollination, by both animals and wind, may have also existed early on. Floral pollen clumps appear only rarely until the mid-Cretaceous. The temporal distribution of clumps suggests that the pollen from early flowers were not sticky and that stickiness may have evolved with an adaptation to more advanced pollinators. Pollen-containing coprolites are found throughout the Cretaceous and vary in overall form, as well as in the preservation of individual grains. Based on previous studies of pollen-containing coprolites of insect origin, it seems likely that a number of insect digestive strategies, similar to those found in living members of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were already in place by the late Mesozoic.
{"title":"Coevolution of early angiosperms and their pollinators: Evidence from pollen","authors":"David Winship, Shusheng Hu","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/103","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen morphology has traditionally been used to distinguish wind from animal pollination in angiosperms. In addition, the body of literature on Cretaceous angiosperm pollen clumps that may have had either a botanical or zoological origin is growing. Modern pollination biology studies suggest that the evolution of pollen clumping in flowers, resulting in floral pollen clumps, is attributable to insect pollination and that sticky pollen may be ancestral in angiosperms. The study of feces from pollen-eating insects suggests that pollen-containing coprolites (fossil insect fecal pellets) may provide information on both the organisms consuming the pollen and the identity of potential pollinators. We present here a preliminary study on dispersed pollen samples from Aptian to Campanian strata in the U.S.A. to examine the frequency of pollination modes based on dispersed pollen and to track the presence of pollen clumps. Criteria were developed to distinguish between floral pollen clumps and pollen-containing coprolites that show that fossil floral pollen clumps are irregularly shaped with rough surfaces and are composed of a single species of well-preserved grains, while the pollen-containing coprolites are regularly shaped with smooth surfaces and contain damaged grains. The preliminary data on the frequency of dispersed pollen support previous hypotheses that the Early Cretaceous angiosperms were insect-pollinated and that wind pollination became important later during the mid-Cretaceous. These pollen data also support the idea that ambophilous pollination, by both animals and wind, may have also existed early on. Floral pollen clumps appear only rarely until the mid-Cretaceous. The temporal distribution of clumps suggests that the pollen from early flowers were not sticky and that stickiness may have evolved with an adaptation to more advanced pollinators. Pollen-containing coprolites are found throughout the Cretaceous and vary in overall form, as well as in the preservation of individual grains. Based on previous studies of pollen-containing coprolites of insect origin, it seems likely that a number of insect digestive strategies, similar to those found in living members of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were already in place by the late Mesozoic.","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"17 1","pages":"103-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74613100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dedicated to the memory of late Prof. Dr. Maurits Lindström, forever the expert on the Ordovician of Sweden","authors":"Y. Grahn, J. Nõlvak","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"133 1","pages":"5-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79662474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-05DOI: 10.1127/PALB/283/2010/73
C. Cleal, E. Zodrow, M. Mastalerz
{"title":"An association of Alethopteris foliage, Trigonocarpus ovules and Bernaultia-like pollen organs from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"C. Cleal, E. Zodrow, M. Mastalerz","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"81 1","pages":"73-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91144058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a Chinese Givetian lycopod, Longostachys latisporophyllus Zhu, Hu et Feng, emend: its morphology, anatomy and reconstruction","authors":"Chongyang Cai, Chen Lizhu","doi":"10.1127/PALB/283/2010/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/PALB/283/2010/1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56273,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaeophytologie Palaeobotany-Palaeophytology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85160707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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