Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2227563
Stefano Bigiani, Cristina Pilenga
Social tolerance is an essential feature of social life that can determine the good functioning of a group of animals. Play behaviors, like social play and playing with objects, are frequently associated with positive emotional and welfare states. As a result, zoos use various strategies to promote both social tolerance and play with objects. Providing animals with cognitive environmental enrichment can be an effective tool to achieve these goals. Here we tested whether cognitive environmental enrichment can promote social tolerance and play with objects in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). To this end, we provided a group of five dolphins with two types of cognitive enrichment: one for individual use and one for cooperative use, both based on the rope-pulling task paradigm. Then we evaluated whether social tolerance and play with objects had increased after we provided dolphins with the two enrichments. Our results go in this direction, showing that after we provided dolphins with the enrichments, their intolerance behaviors decreased, both during feeding sessions and play sessions, while their play with objects increased. As a result, the two enrichments we used could be useful for improving dolphins' housing conditions.
{"title":"Benefit of Cognitive Environmental Enrichments on Social Tolerance and Play Behavior in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus).","authors":"Stefano Bigiani, Cristina Pilenga","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2227563","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2227563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social tolerance is an essential feature of social life that can determine the good functioning of a group of animals. Play behaviors, like social play and playing with objects, are frequently associated with positive emotional and welfare states. As a result, zoos use various strategies to promote both social tolerance and play with objects. Providing animals with cognitive environmental enrichment can be an effective tool to achieve these goals. Here we tested whether cognitive environmental enrichment can promote social tolerance and play with objects in bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>). To this end, we provided a group of five dolphins with two types of cognitive enrichment: one for individual use and one for cooperative use, both based on the rope-pulling task paradigm. Then we evaluated whether social tolerance and play with objects had increased after we provided dolphins with the two enrichments. Our results go in this direction, showing that after we provided dolphins with the enrichments, their intolerance behaviors decreased, both during feeding sessions and play sessions, while their play with objects increased. As a result, the two enrichments we used could be useful for improving dolphins' housing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9655586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2268522
Jamie M Douglas, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Elizabeth Stelow, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Irina Udaltsova
Most wild parrot species live in flocks, enriched by the environment and conspecific interactions. Captive parrots often live individually and are prone to behavioral maladaptation. If captive parrots and their behavior become intolerable, they are commonly relinquished to rescue organizations. This study aims to create parrot personality assessments for use by rescuers adding newly acquired parrots to shared environments. The study involved 20 orange-winged Amazon parrots (10 M, 10 F). Observers familiar with each bird scored its personality and analyses determined three sets of personalities: Social, Guarded, and Nervous Each parrot was paired with its 10 heterosexual counterparts and its interactions monitored remotely and captured on video. Pairing trials occurred over 72 hours in a specially designed pairing structure. Parrot personality could predict pairing success. Social-Guarded and Social-Nervous were more successfully paired, with individuals maintaining a close distance to one another and displaying increased rest-stretch behavior. Time of day influenced success with Social-Nervous pairs successful at all times of day, Social-Social pairs in the AM, and Guarded-Guarded pairs in the PM period. The study results suggest that rescues can use personality assessment and specific behaviors during cohabitation to predict OWA novel pairing outcomes.
{"title":"Personality Characteristics Predictive of Social Pairing Outcome in Orange-Winged Amazon Parrots (<i>Amazona amazonica</i>).","authors":"Jamie M Douglas, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Elizabeth Stelow, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Irina Udaltsova","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2268522","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2268522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most wild parrot species live in flocks, enriched by the environment and conspecific interactions. Captive parrots often live individually and are prone to behavioral maladaptation. If captive parrots and their behavior become intolerable, they are commonly relinquished to rescue organizations. This study aims to create parrot personality assessments for use by rescuers adding newly acquired parrots to shared environments. The study involved 20 orange-winged Amazon parrots (10 M, 10 F). Observers familiar with each bird scored its personality and analyses determined three sets of personalities: Social, Guarded, and Nervous Each parrot was paired with its 10 heterosexual counterparts and its interactions monitored remotely and captured on video. Pairing trials occurred over 72 hours in a specially designed pairing structure. Parrot personality could predict pairing success. Social-Guarded and Social-Nervous were more successfully paired, with individuals maintaining a close distance to one another and displaying increased rest-stretch behavior. Time of day influenced success with Social-Nervous pairs successful at all times of day, Social-Social pairs in the AM, and Guarded-Guarded pairs in the PM period. The study results suggest that rescues can use personality assessment and specific behaviors during cohabitation to predict OWA novel pairing outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2022.2025537
Snežana Paskaš, Jelena Miočinović, Mila Savić, Mirjana Djukić-Stojčić, Ivan Pihler, Zsolt Becskei
This research aimed for the first time to identify the essential welfare problems on 46 goat dairy farms in Vojvodina,based on the goat AWIN welfare protocol. The study showed that space allowance per goat was 1.55, 1.86 and 2.50 m2/goat (large, medium, small-sized farms, respectively). Most farms possessed the soil floor and straw as a flooring material. The small and medium farms more allowed access to the outdoor area. Contrary, large-sized farms mostly kept goats in fully housed systems with reduced opportunities for the goats to express their natural behavior. Management procedures were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the investigated farms. Differences were mainly in bedding, feeding and culling strategies. Low productivity was the main cause of culling in all farm types. Small-sized farms carried out more often disbudding (42.9%) in comparison with medium (21.4%) and large-sized ones (14.3%). Group level observation showed that the main areas of concern were associated with hair coat condition and kneeling at the feeding rack (p < 0.05). Inadequate BCS, udder asymmetry and claw overgrowth were frequently recorded. The prevalence of thin and fat goats was highest in large-sized farms All farm size categories and management systems showed certain welfare weaknesses. Thus, the findings highlighted the need for higher implementation of animal welfare principles and improvement of management techniques to meet the welfare requirements of dairy goats.
{"title":"Welfare Assessment on Different-Sized Dairy Goat Farms in the Northern Serbian Province of Vojvodina.","authors":"Snežana Paskaš, Jelena Miočinović, Mila Savić, Mirjana Djukić-Stojčić, Ivan Pihler, Zsolt Becskei","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2022.2025537","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2022.2025537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed for the first time to identify the essential welfare problems on 46 goat dairy farms in Vojvodina,based on the goat AWIN welfare protocol. The study showed that space allowance per goat was 1.55, 1.86 and 2.50 m<sup>2</sup>/goat (large, medium, small-sized farms, respectively). Most farms possessed the soil floor and straw as a flooring material. The small and medium farms more allowed access to the outdoor area. Contrary, large-sized farms mostly kept goats in fully housed systems with reduced opportunities for the goats to express their natural behavior. Management procedures were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the investigated farms. Differences were mainly in bedding, feeding and culling strategies. Low productivity was the main cause of culling in all farm types. Small-sized farms carried out more often disbudding (42.9%) in comparison with medium (21.4%) and large-sized ones (14.3%). Group level observation showed that the main areas of concern were associated with hair coat condition and kneeling at the feeding rack (p < 0.05). Inadequate BCS, udder asymmetry and claw overgrowth were frequently recorded. The prevalence of thin and fat goats was highest in large-sized farms All farm size categories and management systems showed certain welfare weaknesses. Thus, the findings highlighted the need for higher implementation of animal welfare principles and improvement of management techniques to meet the welfare requirements of dairy goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39793570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the welfare status of dairy animals under field condition of India. The study was conducted in two blocks of Muzzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh. Two villages from each blocks were purposefully selected for the study. Twenty farmers were selected from each village with a total of eighty farmers and categorized based on their landholding size as marginal (<1 hectare), small (1-2 hectare) and medium (2-10 hectare) and total of 20 welfare indicators were identified and grouped into three components viz., housing and other facilities -A, feeds and feeding practices - B and animal health, performance and behavior- C with a weightage of 30, 30 and 40, respectively. The total score obtained was used to categorize the welfare status of the farms as good (60-80), average (40-60) and poor (<40). In one-way ANOVA, the mean welfare score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in medium farmers than marginal and small farmers and proportions of farmers under good, average and poor welfare ranking was 12.50, 83.75 and 3.75%, respectively. Whereas, only 12.50% farmers achieved an acceptable welfare level across farmers categories. From this study it can be concluded that dairy animal welfare at most of the dairy farmers under field condition was average and only a few farmers had acceptable level of welfare.
{"title":"Welfare Status of Dairy Animals under Field Condition in Muzaffarnagar District of Uttar Pradesh (India).","authors":"Veenesh Rajpoot, Pawan Singh, Prasad Kotresh, Madan Lal Kamboj","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2022.2042297","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2022.2042297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the welfare status of dairy animals under field condition of India. The study was conducted in two blocks of Muzzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh. Two villages from each blocks were purposefully selected for the study. Twenty farmers were selected from each village with a total of eighty farmers and categorized based on their landholding size as marginal (<1 hectare), small (1-2 hectare) and medium (2-10 hectare) and total of 20 welfare indicators were identified and grouped into three components viz., housing and other facilities -A, feeds and feeding practices - B and animal health, performance and behavior- C with a weightage of 30, 30 and 40, respectively. The total score obtained was used to categorize the welfare status of the farms as good (60-80), average (40-60) and poor (<40). In one-way ANOVA, the mean welfare score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in medium farmers than marginal and small farmers and proportions of farmers under good, average and poor welfare ranking was 12.50, 83.75 and 3.75%, respectively. Whereas, only 12.50% farmers achieved an acceptable welfare level across farmers categories. From this study it can be concluded that dairy animal welfare at most of the dairy farmers under field condition was average and only a few farmers had acceptable level of welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2253143
Bryony M Jenner, Todd R Lewis
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) is used for pest control, as their presence can deter wild birds such as gulls. Working Harris's hawk on UK waste sites is permitted in accordance with regulations and legislation. This study investigated the general environment of a waste site compound yard where a single Harris's hawk was flown for pest control. The hawk's behaviors were evaluated in an ethogram, alongside environmental measures, and disturbance levels. Data was analyzed using Generalised Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) to elucidate the effects of disturbance and environment on hawk behaviors. Results suggested cloudy conditions encouraged grooming responses that were normal and relaxed in their nature. Rain, sun and wind conditions increased recognized stress behaviors. Frequency of disturbance by construction vehicles inside the compound increased stress behaviors, such that keepers are recommended to revise welfare conditions. Increased stress behaviors by birds worked in dynamic environments like waste recycling yards could potentially elicit damaging illness such as feather breaking behavior. Reducing stress factors for Harris's hawk in industrial working yards combined with amending husbandry practices will improve welfare for the species.
{"title":"Environmental Conditions and Vehicle Disturbance Influence Stress Behaviors in a Working Harris's Hawk (<i>Parabuteo unicinctus</i>).","authors":"Bryony M Jenner, Todd R Lewis","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2253143","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2253143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harris's hawk (<i>Parabuteo unicinctus</i>) is used for pest control, as their presence can deter wild birds such as gulls. Working Harris's hawk on UK waste sites is permitted in accordance with regulations and legislation. This study investigated the general environment of a waste site compound yard where a single Harris's hawk was flown for pest control. The hawk's behaviors were evaluated in an ethogram, alongside environmental measures, and disturbance levels. Data was analyzed using Generalised Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) to elucidate the effects of disturbance and environment on hawk behaviors. Results suggested cloudy conditions encouraged grooming responses that were normal and relaxed in their nature. Rain, sun and wind conditions increased recognized stress behaviors. Frequency of disturbance by construction vehicles inside the compound increased stress behaviors, such that keepers are recommended to revise welfare conditions. Increased stress behaviors by birds worked in dynamic environments like waste recycling yards could potentially elicit damaging illness such as feather breaking behavior. Reducing stress factors for Harris's hawk in industrial working yards combined with amending husbandry practices will improve welfare for the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2203823
Stefano Bigiani, Cristina Pilenga
Environmental enrichment is an essential component of the management policies used by zoos and aquaria to promote animals' welfare. However, when enrichments are provided several times, they can cause habituation and lose their enrichment effects. A simple method to avoid it could be making a preventive assessment about the trend of animals' interest in a stimulus provided several times. Here, we hypothesized that anticipatory behavior could be used to assess the decrease in interest in playing with objects when the activity is repeated. Moreover, we also assumed that this could be done before providing objects to play with. Our results support this hypothesis. Specifically, we found a positive correlation between the time the 7 dolphins tested spent performing anticipatory behavior before the enrichment sessions and the time they spent playing with objects during those sessions. As a result, anticipatory behavior performed before enrichment sessions predicted dolphins' interest in the session and allowed us to assess whether the sessions had lost their enrichment effect.
{"title":"Using Anticipatory Behavior to Detect the Change in Interest in an Activity Repeated Several Times and Avoid Habituation in Bottlenose Dolphins (<i>Tursiops Truncatus</i>).","authors":"Stefano Bigiani, Cristina Pilenga","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2203823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2203823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental enrichment is an essential component of the management policies used by zoos and aquaria to promote animals' welfare. However, when enrichments are provided several times, they can cause habituation and lose their enrichment effects. A simple method to avoid it could be making a preventive assessment about the trend of animals' interest in a stimulus provided several times. Here, we hypothesized that anticipatory behavior could be used to assess the decrease in interest in playing with objects when the activity is repeated. Moreover, we also assumed that this could be done before providing objects to play with. Our results support this hypothesis. Specifically, we found a positive correlation between the time the 7 dolphins tested spent performing anticipatory behavior before the enrichment sessions and the time they spent playing with objects during those sessions. As a result, anticipatory behavior performed before enrichment sessions predicted dolphins' interest in the session and allowed us to assess whether the sessions had lost their enrichment effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-01-14DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2303679
Alexander J Pritchard, Brianne A Beisner, Amy Nathman, Brenda McCowan
Keystone individuals are expected to disproportionately contribute to group stability. For instance, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) who police conflict contribute towards stability. Not all individuals' motivations align with mechanisms of group stability. In wild systems, males typically disperse at maturity and attempt to ascend via contest competition. In a captive system, dispersal is not naturally enabled - individuals attempt to ascend in their natal groups, which can be enabled by matrilineal kin potentially destabilizing group dynamics. We relocated select high-ranking natal males from five groups and assessed group stability before and after. We quantified hierarchical metrics at the individual and group level. After removal, we found significantly higher aggression against the established hierarchy (reversals), indicative of opportunistic attempts to change the hierarchy. Mixed-sex social signaling became more hierarchical, but the strength of this effect varied. Stable structure was not uniformly reached across the groups and alpha males did not all benefit. Indiscriminate natal male removal is an unreliable solution to group instability. Careful assessment of how natal males are embedded within their group is necessary to balance individual and group welfare.
{"title":"Social stability via management of natal males in captive rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>).","authors":"Alexander J Pritchard, Brianne A Beisner, Amy Nathman, Brenda McCowan","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2303679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2303679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keystone individuals are expected to disproportionately contribute to group stability. For instance, rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta)</i> who police conflict contribute towards stability. Not all individuals' motivations align with mechanisms of group stability. In wild systems, males typically disperse at maturity and attempt to ascend via contest competition. In a captive system, dispersal is not naturally enabled - individuals attempt to ascend in their natal groups, which can be enabled by matrilineal kin potentially destabilizing group dynamics. We relocated select high-ranking natal males from five groups and assessed group stability before and after. We quantified hierarchical metrics at the individual and group level. After removal, we found significantly higher aggression against the established hierarchy (reversals), indicative of opportunistic attempts to change the hierarchy. Mixed-sex social signaling became more hierarchical, but the strength of this effect varied. Stable structure was not uniformly reached across the groups and alpha males did not all benefit. Indiscriminate natal male removal is an unreliable solution to group instability. Careful assessment of how natal males are embedded within their group is necessary to balance individual and group welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2022-01-03DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2021653
Ehsan Salehifar, Saeid Sobhanirad
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of borage extract (BE) on growth performance and the immune system of broilers at high-stocking-density. A total of 330 male Ross 308 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six experimental treatments each with three replications. Treatments were T1: 10 broilers/m2 (positive control group), T2: 20 broilers/m2 (negative control group), T3: 20 broilers/m2 + 150 mg/l of borage extract (BE), T4: 20 broilers/m2 + 300 mg/l of BE, T5: 20 broilers/m2 + 450 mg/l of BE, and T6: 20 broilers/m2 + 600 mg/l of BE. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly and immune responce were examined twice. The use of BE could improve weight gain, feed intake, and FCR in broilers reared at a high-stocking-density. BE treatment improved the immune response of broilers. According to the results, the use of BE at 600 mg/l is useful in reducing the effects of density stress. Therefore, BE can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve the bird performance in stressful conditions.
本研究旨在探讨琉璃苣提取物(BE)对高饲养密度下肉鸡生长性能和免疫系统的影响。总共 330 只雄性罗斯 308 肉鸡被分配在一个完全随机设计的六个试验处理中,每个处理有三次重复。处理为:T1:10只/平方米(阳性对照组);T2:20只/平方米(阴性对照组);T3:20只/平方米+150毫克/升琉璃苣提取物(BE);T4:20只/平方米+300毫克/升BE;T5:20只/平方米+450毫克/升BE;T6:20只/平方米+600毫克/升BE。每周测定增重、采食量和饲料转化率(FCR),并两次检测免疫反应。使用 BE 可提高高饲养密度下肉鸡的增重、采食量和饲料转化率。BE能改善肉鸡的免疫反应。结果表明,使用 600 毫克/升的 BE 有助于降低密度应激的影响。因此,BE 可作为一种营养策略,用于提高肉鸡在应激条件下的生产性能。
{"title":"The Effect of Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i>) Extract on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broilers at High-Density Conditions.","authors":"Ehsan Salehifar, Saeid Sobhanirad","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2021.2021653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2021.2021653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of borage extract (BE) on growth performance and the immune system of broilers at high-stocking-density. A total of 330 male Ross 308 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six experimental treatments each with three replications. Treatments were T1: 10 broilers/m2 (positive control group), T2: 20 broilers/m2 (negative control group), T3: 20 broilers/m2 + 150 mg/l of borage extract (BE), T4: 20 broilers/m2 + 300 mg/l of BE, T5: 20 broilers/m2 + 450 mg/l of BE, and T6: 20 broilers/m2 + 600 mg/l of BE. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly and immune responce were examined twice. The use of BE could improve weight gain, feed intake, and FCR in broilers reared at a high-stocking-density. BE treatment improved the immune response of broilers. According to the results, the use of BE at 600 mg/l is useful in reducing the effects of density stress. Therefore, BE can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve the bird performance in stressful conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39782117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2308171
Katarzyna Skrzypek, Ewa Zawojska
Staying in animal shelters can be stressful for dogs because of exposure to noise, unfamiliar environment, and social separation. Consequently, the wellbeing of sheltered dogs could be improved through reduction of length of stay in a shelter (LOS). To help inform the development of interventions aimed at LOS reduction, we analyze dogs' characteristics affecting their LOS. We use econometric modeling to identify the characteristics's influence by simultaneously controlling for multiple factors. We use data from Poland's largest animal shelter (11805 observations from the years 2000-2020). We compare two modeling approaches: a Cox survival model, commonly used in animal welfare studies, and an accelerated failure time model, theoretically better fitted to studying time-dependent factors but not yet applied in the context of LOS. We conclude that the latter approach is preferable for studying factors affecting LOS. Male sex, mixed-breed, dark fur, large size, and older age appear to be associated with longer time to adoption for dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first econometric examination of factors affecting LOS in a country in Central and Eastern Europe.
由于暴露在噪音、陌生环境和社交分离的环境中,待在动物收容所可能会给狗带来压力。因此,可以通过缩短狗在收容所的逗留时间(LOS)来改善被收容狗的健康状况。为了帮助制定旨在缩短收容时间的干预措施,我们分析了影响收容时间的狗的特征。我们使用计量经济学模型,通过同时控制多种因素来确定这些特征的影响。我们使用的数据来自波兰最大的动物收容所(2000-2020 年的 11805 个观测值)。我们比较了两种建模方法:一种是动物福利研究中常用的考克斯生存模型,另一种是加速失效时间模型,后者在理论上更适合研究时间依赖因素,但尚未应用于 LOS。我们的结论是,后者更适合用于研究影响 LOS 的因素。雄性、混种、深色皮毛、体型大和年龄大似乎与狗的领养时间较长有关。据我们所知,这是首次在中欧和东欧国家对影响领养时间的因素进行计量经济学研究。
{"title":"What characteristics of dogs help them stay shorter in shelters? Evidence from a polish animal shelter.","authors":"Katarzyna Skrzypek, Ewa Zawojska","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2308171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2024.2308171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staying in animal shelters can be stressful for dogs because of exposure to noise, unfamiliar environment, and social separation. Consequently, the wellbeing of sheltered dogs could be improved through reduction of length of stay in a shelter (LOS). To help inform the development of interventions aimed at LOS reduction, we analyze dogs' characteristics affecting their LOS. We use econometric modeling to identify the characteristics's influence by simultaneously controlling for multiple factors. We use data from Poland's largest animal shelter (11805 observations from the years 2000-2020). We compare two modeling approaches: a Cox survival model, commonly used in animal welfare studies, and an accelerated failure time model, theoretically better fitted to studying time-dependent factors but not yet applied in the context of LOS. We conclude that the latter approach is preferable for studying factors affecting LOS. Male sex, mixed-breed, dark fur, large size, and older age appear to be associated with longer time to adoption for dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first econometric examination of factors affecting LOS in a country in Central and Eastern Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677
V Ribikauskas, J Kreizaitė, J Morkūnaitė, D R Arney, J Kučinskienė
Hippotherapy is considered as a beneficial field of activity for Žemaitukas, a Lithuanian native horse breed. The aim of this study is to analyze the suitability of Žemaitukas breed horses for hippotherapy by using a set of tests based on the temperament, behavioral reactions, and zoometric measurements. Results of these tests inform whether the future use of Lithuanian native horses in hippotherapy can ensure their welfare. In total, 32 horses were evaluated. Twenty-nine of the evaluated horses were horses of the Žemaitukas breed that had never been used for hippotherapy, the others were hippotherapy horses representing different breeds, which were considered the control group. As expected, control hippotherapy horses scored better in many tests, thus confirming the suitability of these tests for the evaluation of horses for hippotrapeutic use. Žemaitukas breed horses scored an average of 15.9% less points for the test of temperament and 21.3% less points for "Hippo-test" compared with the hippotherapy horses. Nevertheless, the results suggest that Žemaitukas breed horses could be used in hippotherapy after special training courses.
{"title":"Assessment of Native Lithuanian Horses for Therapeutic Riding Purposes.","authors":"V Ribikauskas, J Kreizaitė, J Morkūnaitė, D R Arney, J Kučinskienė","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippotherapy is considered as a beneficial field of activity for Žemaitukas, a Lithuanian native horse breed. The aim of this study is to analyze the suitability of Žemaitukas breed horses for hippotherapy by using a set of tests based on the temperament, behavioral reactions, and zoometric measurements. Results of these tests inform whether the future use of Lithuanian native horses in hippotherapy can ensure their welfare. In total, 32 horses were evaluated. Twenty-nine of the evaluated horses were horses of the Žemaitukas breed that had never been used for hippotherapy, the others were hippotherapy horses representing different breeds, which were considered the control group. As expected, control hippotherapy horses scored better in many tests, thus confirming the suitability of these tests for the evaluation of horses for hippotrapeutic use. Žemaitukas breed horses scored an average of 15.9% less points for the test of temperament and 21.3% less points for \"Hippo-test\" compared with the hippotherapy horses. Nevertheless, the results suggest that Žemaitukas breed horses could be used in hippotherapy after special training courses.</p>","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}