Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.016
Elizabeth M. Ozer Ph.D.
{"title":"The Potential and Challenges of Interactive Virtual Environments to Support Behavior Change in Adolescents","authors":"Elizabeth M. Ozer Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 3","pages":"Pages 371-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.011
Eline M. Meuleman, Maartje M. van Stralen, Wilma E. Waterlander, Nanda E. van der Poel, Carry M. Renders, Vincent Busch
Preadolescent mental wellbeing is influenced by several interconnecting factors spanning individual, familial, and societal levels. Despite the potential of complex systems methods based in system dynamics to increase the understanding of these interdependencies, their application in youth mental wellbeing remains limited. This paper is the first to identify the underlying system dynamics that drive the mental wellbeing of preadolescents by integrating insights from a literature review and focus groups with scientific experts into a comprehensive causal loop diagram (CLD). The study followed three steps: a scoping umbrella literature review was performed to identify factors underlying preadolescents' mental wellbeing; focus groups with scientific experts were held to identify system dynamics (e.g., feedback loops, underlying mechanisms); and finally, a CLD was built and validated. The resulting CLD comprised nine subsystems based on underlying mechanisms: increasing pressure, seeking for own identity, parenting challenges, neighborhood ties, safety and security, healthy habits, always online, mental health talk, and supportive bonds. Thirty-eight feedback loops underlie these mechanisms, most of them being reinforcing. The CLD and its identified system dynamics highlight the complexity of preadolescent mental wellbeing and underscore the necessity of developing actions that target multiple leverage points across different system levels to drive change. By viewing this complex health issue through a systems lens, practitioners and policymakers should be better equipped to look beyond individual determinants and consider the broader structures, goals, and beliefs - laying the groundwork for sustainable, systemic change to benefit preadolescents' mental wellbeing.
{"title":"System Dynamics of Preadolescent Mental Wellbeing: A Causal Loop Diagram of the Scientific Evidence","authors":"Eline M. Meuleman, Maartje M. van Stralen, Wilma E. Waterlander, Nanda E. van der Poel, Carry M. Renders, Vincent Busch","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"Preadolescent mental wellbeing is influenced by several interconnecting factors spanning individual, familial, and societal levels. Despite the potential of complex systems methods based in system dynamics to increase the understanding of these interdependencies, their application in youth mental wellbeing remains limited. This paper is the first to identify the underlying system dynamics that drive the mental wellbeing of preadolescents by integrating insights from a literature review and focus groups with scientific experts into a comprehensive causal loop diagram (CLD). The study followed three steps: a scoping umbrella literature review was performed to identify factors underlying preadolescents' mental wellbeing; focus groups with scientific experts were held to identify system dynamics (e.g., feedback loops, underlying mechanisms); and finally, a CLD was built and validated. The resulting CLD comprised nine subsystems based on underlying mechanisms: increasing pressure, seeking for own identity, parenting challenges, neighborhood ties, safety and security, healthy habits, always online, mental health talk, and supportive bonds. Thirty-eight feedback loops underlie these mechanisms, most of them being reinforcing. The CLD and its identified system dynamics highlight the complexity of preadolescent mental wellbeing and underscore the necessity of developing actions that target multiple leverage points across different system levels to drive change. By viewing this complex health issue through a systems lens, practitioners and policymakers should be better equipped to look beyond individual determinants and consider the broader structures, goals, and beliefs - laying the groundwork for sustainable, systemic change to benefit preadolescents' mental wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.024
Shu-Hong Zhu Ph.D. , Katherine Braden M.P.H. , Yue-Lin Zhuang Ph.D. , Anthony C. Gamst Ph.D. , Joanna Sun , Jijiang Wang Ph.D. , Christopher M. Anderson , Carey Blakely , Adam G. Cole Ph.D.
Purpose
California's longstanding, comprehensive tobacco control program includes the school-based Tobacco-Use Prevention Education (TUPE) program. Following passage of Proposition 56 in 2016, TUPE was expanded. This study investigated whether exposure to TUPE programming after Proposition 56 was associated with decreased youth tobacco use.
Methods
Data from the 2019–2020 California Student Tobacco Survey, a state-representative survey of students in grades 8, 10, and 12, were used. The survey was conducted in 358 schools. A total of 160,106 students (49,244 from TUPE-funded schools and 110,862 from non-TUPE-funded schools) were included in this study. The association of TUPE programming with student tobacco use was examined using logistic regression, controlling for the effects of personal and school variables.
Results
Students from TUPE and non-TUPE schools had similar rates of exposure to tobacco-related advertising, whether promoting vaping (16.4% vs. 16.8%, respectively), discouraging vaping (36.3% vs. 38.7%), promoting smoking (11.4% vs. 11.4%), or discouraging smoking (27.6% vs. 29.4%; all p's > 0.05). However, TUPE students were more likely to receive school-based education against tobacco use (71.0% vs. 63.8%; p < 0.001) and to participate in antitobacco activities (15.2% vs. 10.6%; p < 0.001). After controlling for the effects of personal and school variables, TUPE students were less likely to use tobacco (6.5%) than non-TUPE students (8.1%; p = 0.012).
Discussion
TUPE students were exposed to more school-based educational messaging and participated in more tobacco-related prevention activities. The greater focus on tobacco in TUPE-funded schools was associated with lower rates of tobacco use among their students.
{"title":"California's School-Based Tobacco Use Prevention Program After Proposition 56: Results From a Statewide Evaluation","authors":"Shu-Hong Zhu Ph.D. , Katherine Braden M.P.H. , Yue-Lin Zhuang Ph.D. , Anthony C. Gamst Ph.D. , Joanna Sun , Jijiang Wang Ph.D. , Christopher M. Anderson , Carey Blakely , Adam G. Cole Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>California's longstanding, comprehensive tobacco control program includes the school-based Tobacco-Use Prevention Education (TUPE) program. Following passage of Proposition 56 in 2016, TUPE was expanded. This study investigated whether exposure to TUPE programming after Proposition 56 was associated with decreased youth tobacco use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the 2019–2020 California Student Tobacco Survey, a state-representative survey of students in grades 8, 10, and 12, were used. The survey was conducted in 358 schools. A total of 160,106 students (49,244 from TUPE-funded schools and 110,862 from non-TUPE-funded schools) were included in this study. The association of TUPE programming with student tobacco use was examined using logistic regression, controlling for the effects of personal and school variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Students from TUPE and non-TUPE schools had similar rates of exposure to tobacco-related advertising, whether promoting vaping (16.4% vs. 16.8%, respectively), discouraging vaping (36.3% vs. 38.7%), promoting smoking (11.4% vs. 11.4%), or discouraging smoking (27.6% vs. 29.4%; all <em>p</em>'s > 0.05). However, TUPE students were more likely to receive school-based education against tobacco use (71.0% vs. 63.8%; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and to participate in antitobacco activities (15.2% vs. 10.6%; <em>p</em> < 0.001). After controlling for the effects of personal and school variables, TUPE students were less likely to use tobacco (6.5%) than non-TUPE students (8.1%; <em>p</em> = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>TUPE students were exposed to more school-based educational messaging and participated in more tobacco-related prevention activities. The greater focus on tobacco in TUPE-funded schools was associated with lower rates of tobacco use among their students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 3","pages":"Pages 456-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.10.020
Dominic Sisti Ph.D. , Sejal B. Shah M.D.
{"title":"Bedless Adolescent Psychiatry: The Ethical Challenge to End Psychiatric Boarding","authors":"Dominic Sisti Ph.D. , Sejal B. Shah M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.018
Carol A. Ford M.D., Cherrie B. Boyer Ph.D. (Deputy Editor), Carolyn T. Halpern Ph.D., Debra K. Katzman M.D., David A. Ross B.M.B.Ch., Ph.D., Teresa Dal Santo Ph.D., Tor D. Berg
{"title":"The Distinguished Dozen: 2025 Journal of Adolescent Health Articles Making Distinguished Contributions to Adolescent and Young Adult Health","authors":"Carol A. Ford M.D., Cherrie B. Boyer Ph.D. (Deputy Editor), Carolyn T. Halpern Ph.D., Debra K. Katzman M.D., David A. Ross B.M.B.Ch., Ph.D., Teresa Dal Santo Ph.D., Tor D. Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.017
Vedika S. Agrawal M.D., Jenny K.R. Francis M.D., M.P.H.
{"title":"When Safety is Stolen: The Relationship Between Forced Sex and No Contraceptive Use Among Adolescents in High School in the United States","authors":"Vedika S. Agrawal M.D., Jenny K.R. Francis M.D., M.P.H.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 211-212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.015
Raffaela Schiavon M.D.
{"title":"Adolescent Maternal Health — A Call for Comprehensive Research and Targeted Interventions","authors":"Raffaela Schiavon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 208-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.010
Rachel Brathwaite Ph.D. , Samuel Kizito M.D., Ph.D. , Torsten B. Neilands Ph.D. , Vicent Ssentumbwe M.P.H. , Flavia Namuwonge M.B.A. , Phionah Namatovu M.P.H. , Proscovia Nabunya Ph.D. , Fred M. Ssewamala Ph.D.
Purpose
A community-based economic empowerment and family strengthening intervention (Suubi4Her) has shown positive effects in decreasing depressive symptoms and hopelessness among adolescent girls. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these positive outcomes were unclear. We examined the intervention effects of Suubi4Her on key mediators (including family cohesion, social support, and confidence in saving) and their subsequent influence on two critical psychological outcomes—depressive symptoms and hopelessness—over 24 months.
Methods
We analyzed data from 1,260 Ugandan adolescent girls and employed the Mitchell and Maxwell's cross-lagged auto-regressive approach for mediation assessment. This involved regressing outcome scores at each wave against intervention group assignment and scores from the previous wave. Correlations between residuals for mediators and outcomes at each wave as well as regression pathways from each covariate to the mediators and outcomes at subsequent waves were included in the model as random variables.
Results
The intervention significantly reduced depressive symptoms and hopelessness indirectly. Crucially, family cohesion and social support, but not confidence in saving at 12 months, were identified as significant mediators. Depressive symptoms and hopelessness at 12-month follow-up mediated the intervention's effect on depressive symptoms and hopelessness at 24 months. Additionally, a significant direct effect of the intervention on these outcomes suggested partial mediation.
Discussion
Our findings endorse community-based family group interventions as effective in enhancing mental health among adolescent girls, emphasizing the importance of strong family relationships and social support networks.
{"title":"Exploring Mediators of an Economic Empowerment Intervention (Suubi4Her) on Hopelessness and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls in Uganda","authors":"Rachel Brathwaite Ph.D. , Samuel Kizito M.D., Ph.D. , Torsten B. Neilands Ph.D. , Vicent Ssentumbwe M.P.H. , Flavia Namuwonge M.B.A. , Phionah Namatovu M.P.H. , Proscovia Nabunya Ph.D. , Fred M. Ssewamala Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>A community-based economic empowerment and family strengthening intervention (Suubi4Her) has shown positive effects in decreasing depressive symptoms and hopelessness among adolescent girls. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these positive outcomes were unclear. We examined the intervention effects of Suubi4Her on key mediators (including family cohesion, social support, and confidence in saving) and their subsequent influence on two critical psychological outcomes—depressive symptoms and hopelessness—over 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 1,260 Ugandan adolescent girls and employed the Mitchell and Maxwell's cross-lagged auto-regressive approach for mediation assessment. This involved regressing outcome scores at each wave against intervention group assignment and scores from the previous wave. Correlations between residuals for mediators and outcomes at each wave as well as regression pathways from each covariate to the mediators and outcomes at subsequent waves were included in the model as random variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The intervention significantly reduced depressive symptoms and hopelessness indirectly. Crucially, family cohesion and social support, but not confidence in saving at 12 months, were identified as significant mediators. Depressive symptoms and hopelessness at 12-month follow-up mediated the intervention's effect on depressive symptoms and hopelessness at 24 months. Additionally, a significant direct effect of the intervention on these outcomes suggested partial mediation.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings endorse community-based family group interventions as effective in enhancing mental health among adolescent girls, emphasizing the importance of strong family relationships and social support networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 3","pages":"Pages 427-436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.014
Annalie Shears M.B.Ch.B., M.Res. , Nyasha V. Dzavakwa M.Ch.B., M.Sc. , Nicol Redzo M.Sc. , Tsitsi Bandason M.Sc. , Hilda Mujuru M.B.B.S., M.Sc. , Joe D. Piper Ph.D. , Katharina Kranzer M.D., Ph.D. , Celia L. Gregson Ph.D. , Victoria Simms Ph.D. , Rashida A. Ferrand M.B.B.S., Ph.D.
Purpose
HIV infection in children is associated with neurocognitive deficits. Whether these deficits persist as children age is unclear. We investigated the effect of HIV infection on cognition among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, AWH aged 11–19 years taking antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months were recruited from a public-sector HIV clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe. An age-matched HIV-negative comparison group was recruited from the same catchment area. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second Edition (KABC-II) and National Institute for Health Cognition Battery. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the association between HIV and cognition.
Results
Overall, 507 adolescents (253 AWH, 254 HIV-negative), mean age 15 (SD 2.5) years and 53% female, participated. Adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status and maternal education, AWH scored lower than HIV-negative peers on KABC-II Mental Processing Index (MPI) (adjusted mean difference (AMD) −3.01 [95% CI −4.95, −1.07]) and KABC-II nonverbal index (AMD −4.37 [95% CI −6.26, −2.48]). Lower KABC-II MPI scores interacted with stunting in AWH (nonstunted AWH: AMD −1.40 [95% CI −3.56, 0.76]; stunted AWH: AMD −6.30 [95% CI −9.05, −3.54]). AWH also scored lower than HIV-negative peers on the National Institute for Health Cognition Battery Fluid Cognition Score (AMD −2.74 [95% CI −5.08, −0.41]). Among those in school, 71/190 (37.4%) AWH versus 35/194 (18.0%) HIV-negative participants were two or more school grades below expected for age (≤2), (p < 0.001). School grade ≤2 was associated with lower KABC-II MPI scores in AWH (mean difference −3.76 [95% CI −6.53, −0.98]).
Discussion
Cognitive function in AWH was impaired compared to HIV-negative peers, which translated to poorer educational outcomes.
目的：儿童HIV感染与神经认知缺陷有关。这些缺陷是否会随着儿童年龄的增长而持续尚不清楚。目的探讨HIV感染对围产期获得性HIV （AWH）青少年认知能力的影响。方法：在这项横断面研究中，从津巴布韦哈拉雷的一家公共部门HIV诊所招募了11-19岁接受抗逆转录病毒治疗≥6个月的AWH。从同一集水区招募年龄匹配的hiv阴性对照组。认知功能评估采用儿童考夫曼评估量表第二版（kbc - ii）和美国国立卫生研究院认知量表。采用多变量线性回归研究HIV与认知之间的关系。结果：总共有507名青少年（253名AWH， 254名hiv阴性）参与，平均年龄15岁（SD 2.5）， 53%为女性。经年龄、性别、社会经济地位和母亲受教育程度调整后，AWH在kbc - ii心理加工指数（MPI）（调整平均差值(AMD) -3.01 [95% CI -4.95, -1.07]）和kbc - ii非语言指数（AMD） （AMD -4.37 [95% CI -6.26, -2.48]）得分低于hiv阴性同龄人。较低的kbc - ii MPI评分与AWH发育不良相互作用（非发育不良的AWH: AMD -1.40 [95% CI -3.56, 0.76]；发育不良的AWH: AMD -6.30 [95% CI -9.05, -3.54]）。在国家健康研究所认知电池流体认知评分（AMD -2.74 [95% CI -5.08, -0.41]）上，AWH的得分也低于hiv阴性的同龄人。在在校学生中，71/190（37.4%）的AWH和35/194（18.0%）的hiv阴性参与者比预期年龄低两个或两个以上的年级（≤2），（p < 0.001）。学校年级≤2的AWH患者KABC-II MPI得分较低（平均差异为-3.76 [95% CI -6.53, -0.98]）。讨论：与hiv阴性的同龄人相比，AWH的认知功能受损，这转化为较差的教育成果。
{"title":"Effect of Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection on Cognitive Function and Educational Attainment in Adolescents in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-sectional Study in Zimbabwe","authors":"Annalie Shears M.B.Ch.B., M.Res. , Nyasha V. Dzavakwa M.Ch.B., M.Sc. , Nicol Redzo M.Sc. , Tsitsi Bandason M.Sc. , Hilda Mujuru M.B.B.S., M.Sc. , Joe D. Piper Ph.D. , Katharina Kranzer M.D., Ph.D. , Celia L. Gregson Ph.D. , Victoria Simms Ph.D. , Rashida A. Ferrand M.B.B.S., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>HIV infection in children is associated with neurocognitive deficits. Whether these deficits persist as children age is unclear. We investigated the effect of HIV infection on cognition among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, AWH aged 11–19 years taking antiretroviral therapy for ≥6 months were recruited from a public-sector HIV clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe. An age-matched HIV-negative comparison group was recruited from the same catchment area. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second Edition (KABC-II) and National Institute for Health Cognition Battery. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the association between HIV and cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 507 adolescents (253 AWH, 254 HIV-negative), mean age 15 (SD 2.5) years and 53% female, participated. Adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status and maternal education, AWH scored lower than HIV-negative peers on KABC-II Mental Processing Index (MPI) (adjusted mean difference (AMD) −3.01 [95% CI −4.95, −1.07]) and KABC-II nonverbal index (AMD −4.37 [95% CI −6.26, −2.48]). Lower KABC-II MPI scores interacted with stunting in AWH (nonstunted AWH: AMD −1.40 [95% CI −3.56, 0.76]; stunted AWH: AMD −6.30 [95% CI −9.05, −3.54]). AWH also scored lower than HIV-negative peers on the National Institute for Health Cognition Battery Fluid Cognition Score (AMD −2.74 [95% CI −5.08, −0.41]). Among those in school, 71/190 (37.4%) AWH versus 35/194 (18.0%) HIV-negative participants were two or more school grades below expected for age (≤2), (<em>p</em> < 0.001). School grade ≤2 was associated with lower KABC-II MPI scores in AWH (mean difference −3.76 [95% CI −6.53, −0.98]).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Cognitive function in AWH was impaired compared to HIV-negative peers, which translated to poorer educational outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 3","pages":"Pages 495-503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.003
Elizabeth K. Do Ph.D., M.P.H. , Kennedy Sarvis , Tatum L. McKay M.P.H. , Joslynn A. Watkins M.P.H. , Jessica M. Rath Ph.D. , Elizabeth C. Hair Ph.D.
Purpose
Given that many youth and young adults who use e-cigarettes report intentions to quit, there is a need to explore mechanisms that influence behavioral changes toward e-cigarette cessation.
Methods
Data were obtained from youth and young adults (aged 15–24 years at enrollment) participating in the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, who indicated past 30-day use of e-cigarettes and were surveyed between August and December 2023 (N = 734). Participants were asked how much they agree with campaign-targeted messages highlighting nicotine's potential to amplify feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as whether and when they intended to quit e-cigarettes (precontemplation = no plans to quit; contemplation = plan to quit in the next 6 months; preparation = plan to quit in the next 30 days; action = already quit). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to predict participants' stage of quitting based on their agreement with campaign-targeted attitudes toward vaping-related effects on anxiety, depression, and stress.
Results
The largest proportion of participants were in the precontemplation stage (46.9%), followed by the contemplation stage (25.5%), action stage (17.3%), and preparation stage (10.2%). Estimated odds ratios for associations between agreement with attitudes toward vaping-related anxiety, depression, and stress increased in effect size, further along the quit stage (e.g., contemplation, preparation, and action vs. precontemplation stages).
Discussion
Results indicate that campaign messages focused on associations between vaping nicotine and anxiety, depression, and stress may be relevant to and resonate with users of e-cigarettes, in a way that addresses their need for a reason to quit.
{"title":"Campaign-Targeted Attitudes Towards Vaping-Related Anxiety, Depression, and Stress and Associations With Stages of Quitting E-cigarettes","authors":"Elizabeth K. Do Ph.D., M.P.H. , Kennedy Sarvis , Tatum L. McKay M.P.H. , Joslynn A. Watkins M.P.H. , Jessica M. Rath Ph.D. , Elizabeth C. Hair Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Given that many youth and young adults who use e-cigarettes report intentions to quit, there is a need to explore mechanisms that influence behavioral changes toward e-cigarette cessation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from youth and young adults (aged 15–24 years at enrollment) participating in the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, who indicated past 30-day use of e-cigarettes and were surveyed between August and December 2023 (N = 734). Participants were asked how much they agree with campaign-targeted messages highlighting nicotine's potential to amplify feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as whether and when they intended to quit e-cigarettes (precontemplation = no plans to quit; contemplation = plan to quit in the next 6 months; preparation = plan to quit in the next 30 days; action = already quit). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to predict participants' stage of quitting based on their agreement with campaign-targeted attitudes toward vaping-related effects on anxiety, depression, and stress.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The largest proportion of participants were in the precontemplation stage (46.9%), followed by the contemplation stage (25.5%), action stage (17.3%), and preparation stage (10.2%). Estimated odds ratios for associations between agreement with attitudes toward vaping-related anxiety, depression, and stress increased in effect size, further along the quit stage (e.g., contemplation, preparation, and action vs. precontemplation stages).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Results indicate that campaign messages focused on associations between vaping nicotine and anxiety, depression, and stress may be relevant to and resonate with users of e-cigarettes, in a way that addresses their need for a reason to quit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"78 3","pages":"Pages 448-455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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