Journal of Adolescent Health最新文献_第10页

A Rare Answer to a Common Presentation: Gastric Neoplasm in a Teenager With Vomiting 常见症状的罕见答案：呕吐少年的胃肿瘤

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.05.010

Jonathan Lebowitz M.D. , Ariel Porto M.D. , Christine Nguyen Clarke D.O., M.A. , Elizabeth Sokol M.D. , John E. Fortunato M.D.

引用次数: 0

Associations Between Gender Dysphoria, Eating Disorders, and Mental Health Diagnoses Among Adolescents 青少年性别焦虑症、饮食失调症和心理健康诊断之间的关联。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.022

Liz Abernathey M.D., M.S., Nicole F. Kahn Ph.D., M.Ed., Gina M. Sequeira M.D., M.S., Laura P. Richardson M.D., M.P.H., Kym Ahrens M.D., M.P.H.

Purpose

Transgender adolescents and adolescents with eating disorders (EDs) are known to have increased mental health comorbidity; however, little is understood about how gender dysphoria (GD), disordered eating and mental health disorders relate to each other. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between GD, ED, and mental health diagnoses among adolescents.

Methods

Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 57,353 patients aged 9-18 seen at a single pediatric health system between 2009 and 2022. Adjusted logistic regression models tested for associations between GD, ED, and mental health diagnoses.

Results

Youth with a GD diagnosis had significantly greater odds of also having an ED diagnosis compared to those without a GD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.98–4.64). Among those with an ED diagnosis, youth with a GD diagnosis had significantly lower odds of having an anorexia nervosa diagnosis (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18–0.61) and significantly greater odds of having an unspecified or other specified ED diagnosis (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.56–3.93) compared to those without a GD diagnosis. Youth with both GD and ED diagnoses had significantly greater odds of also having a diagnosis of anxiety (aOR = 24.01, 95% CI: 14.85–38.83), depression (aOR = 48.41, 95% CI: 30.38–77.12), suicidality (aOR = 26.15, 95% CI: 16.65–41.05) and self-harm (aOR = 35.79, 95% CI: 22.48–56.98) as compared to those with neither a GD nor an ED diagnosis.

Discussion

Adolescents with co-occurring GD and ED diagnoses are at greater risk for anxiety, depression, suicidality, and self-harm as compared to youth with neither diagnosis. Further research is essential to understand the complex interplay of mental health concerns and EDs among gender diverse adolescents and to inform appropriate interventions.

目的：众所周知，变性青少年和患有饮食紊乱症（ED）的青少年的心理健康合并症会增加；然而，人们对性别焦虑症（GD）、饮食紊乱症和心理健康紊乱症之间的关系却知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨青少年中的 GD、ED 和心理健康诊断之间的关联：从 2009 年至 2022 年间在一家儿科医疗系统就诊的 57,353 名 9-18 岁患者的电子健康记录中提取数据。调整后的逻辑回归模型检验了GD、ED和精神健康诊断之间的关联：与未被诊断为 GD 的青少年相比，被诊断为 GD 的青少年同时被诊断为 ED 的几率明显更高（调整后的几率比 [aOR] = 3.72，95% 置信区间 [CI]：2.98-4.64）。与未被诊断为 GD 的青少年相比，被诊断为 ED 的青少年被诊断为神经性厌食症的几率明显较低（aOR = 0.34，95% CI：0.18-0.61），被诊断为未指定或其他特定 ED 的几率明显较高（aOR = 2.48，95% CI：1.56-3.93）。与既未被诊断为 GD 也未被诊断为 ED 的青少年相比，同时被诊断为 GD 和 ED 的青少年被诊断为焦虑（aOR = 24.01，95% CI：14.85-38.83）、抑郁（aOR = 48.41，95% CI：30.38-77.12）、自杀（aOR = 26.15，95% CI：16.65-41.05）和自残（aOR = 35.79，95% CI：22.48-56.98）的几率明显更高：讨论：与既无 GD 诊断也无 ED 诊断的青少年相比，同时患有 GD 和 ED 诊断的青少年患焦虑症、抑郁症、自杀和自残的风险更大。要了解不同性别青少年的心理健康问题和 ED 之间复杂的相互作用，并为适当的干预措施提供依据，进一步的研究是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

Who Plays and Who Doesn't? An Intersectional Examination of Disparities in Adolescent Sport and Physical Activity Lesson Participation 谁玩谁不？对青少年运动和体育活动课参与差异的交叉研究》。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.025

Sarah M. Kaja Ph.D. , Samantha E. Lawrence Ph.D. , Kay A. Simon Ph.D. , Mi’Chael N. Wright M.A., Ph.D.(c) , Marla E. Eisenberg Sc.D., M.P.H.

Purpose

Few reports include more than 1–2 social identities when examining organized sport and physical activity (PA) participation among adolescents. We used a quantitative intersectional approach to examine disparities in adolescent sport and PA lesson participation.

Methods

Ninth and 11th grade 2022 Minnesota Student Survey participants (N = 62,940) self-reported social identities and team sport and PA lessons. Social identities included sex assigned at birth, gender modality, sexual identity, racial and ethnic identity, access to resources (i.e., economic status), weight status, and mental health/behavioral/emotional problems. We used Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection to identify prevalence of participation among adolescents with different intersecting social identities.

Results

Half of the sample played sports and one-quarter participated in PA lessons. Participation varied substantially at the intersections of social identities. Whereas participants in the highest prevalence sports participation groups were predominantly White, heterosexual, and had high resource access, participants in the lowest prevalence groups held multiple marginalized social identities: only 12.8% of adolescents with least access to resources who were questioning their gender identity and sexual identity, or who reported a sexual identity not listed, participated in sports. Regarding PA lessons, youth in the highest prevalence groups were predominantly heterosexual, had highest access to resources, and were youth of color; by comparison, most of the lowest prevalence groups comprised youth who had medium/low resource access and/or high body mass index, and often a diverse sexual, gender, or racial/ethnic identity.

Discussion

Multiply marginalized adolescents are under-represented in sports and PA lessons. Organizations should address interlocking barriers to participation.

目的：在研究青少年参与有组织运动和体育活动（PA）的情况时，很少有报告包括 1-2 种以上的社会身份。我们采用定量交叉的方法来研究青少年参与体育和体育活动课的差异：方法：2022 年九年级和十一年级明尼苏达学生调查参与者（N = 62,940）自我报告了社会身份以及团队运动和体育活动课程。社会身份包括出生时的性别、性别模式、性身份、种族和民族身份、获得资源的机会（即经济状况）、体重状况以及心理健康/行为/情感问题。我们使用了详尽卡方自动交互检测法，以确定具有不同交叉社会身份的青少年的参与率：结果：半数样本参加了体育运动，四分之一参加了体育活动课。在不同社会身份的交叉点上，参与情况有很大差异。参与率最高的体育运动组别中的参与者主要是白人、异性恋者，并且拥有较多的资源，而参与率最低的组别中的参与者则拥有多重边缘化的社会身份：在获得资源最少的青少年中，只有 12.8%的人参加了体育运动，他们对自己的性别身份和性身份存在疑问，或者报告了未列出的性身份。关于体育活动课，流行率最高的群体中的青少年主要是异性恋者，获得资源的机会最多，并且是有色人种青少年；相比之下，流行率最低的群体中的大多数青少年获得资源的机会中等/较低，并且/或者体重指数较高，而且通常具有不同的性、性别或种族/民族身份：讨论：被多重边缘化的青少年在体育和课外活动课程中的代表性不足。各组织应解决参与过程中遇到的各种障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Difficulties Are Not Deficits 困难不是缺陷。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.027

Brason Lee M.S.W., M.S.

引用次数: 0

A Prospective Study of the Relationship of COVID-19 Vaccination to Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Adolescent Girls 关于接种 COVID-19 疫苗与少女月经周期特征关系的前瞻性研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.023

Laura A. Payne Ph.D. , Laura C. Seidman , Steven W. Granger Ph.D. , Alison Edelman M.D., M.P.H. , Boyu Ren Ph.D.

Purpose

The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 booster vaccine on menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescent girls (aged 13–20) compared to those who did not receive a booster vaccine.

Methods

This prospective study measured menstrual cycle length for three cycles prior to and four cycles after vaccination (booster group), seven cycles without vaccination (control group). Menstrual flow, menstrual pain, and menstrual symptoms were assessed at baseline and monthly for 3 months. Stress was assessed at baseline using the PROMIS Pediatric Psychological Stress Experiences scale. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to examine the changes in menstrual characteristics.

Results

65 adolescent girls (47 booster; 18 control) were recruited via social media and from ongoing studies in the United States. Girls in the booster group experienced shorter postbooster cycles by an average 5.35 days (p = .03) compared to prebooster cycle lengths, specifically in the second postbooster cycle, while the control group did not show any changes in cycle length pre-to postbooster. Participants who received the booster in the follicular phase had shorter mean postbooster cycle length (p = .0157) compared to their prebooster cycle length. Higher stress was associated with shorter cycles (p = .03) and increased menstrual symptoms (p = <.001), regardless of group. There were no differences in menstrual flow, menstrual pain, or menstrual symptoms in either group.

Discussion

The COVID-19 booster vaccine was associated with shorter cycles in adolescent girls. These data demonstrate the need for further investigation regarding potential mechanisms of these observed changes.

目的：与未接种COVID-19加强型疫苗的少女相比，本研究旨在评估COVID-19加强型疫苗对少女（13-20岁）月经周期特征的影响：这项前瞻性研究测量了接种疫苗前三个周期和接种疫苗后四个周期（加强接种组）以及未接种疫苗七个周期（对照组）的月经周期长度。对月经量、痛经和月经症状进行基线评估，并在 3 个月内每月进行一次评估。基线时使用 PROMIS 儿科心理压力体验量表对压力进行评估。采用广义线性混合效应模型来研究月经特征的变化：通过社交媒体和美国正在进行的研究招募了 65 名少女（47 名助推组；18 名对照组）。与接受增效剂前相比，接受增效剂组女孩的月经周期平均缩短了 5.35 天（p = .03），尤其是在接受增效剂后的第二个周期，而对照组女孩的月经周期长度在接受增效剂前到接受增效剂后没有任何变化。在卵泡期接受助推剂的参与者，其助推剂后的平均周期长度（p = .0157）比助推剂前更短（p = .0157）。压力越大，周期越短（p = .03），月经症状越多（p = 讨论）：COVID-19加强型疫苗与少女月经周期缩短有关。这些数据表明，有必要进一步研究这些观察到的变化的潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Lessons Learned From a Retrospective Analysis of Medicolegal Risks for Physicians Treated Adolescents and Young Adults With Medical Complexity 对医生治疗病情复杂的青少年和年轻成年人的医疗法律风险进行回顾性分析，从中汲取经验教训。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.026

Rana Aslanova M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Laura Payant M.Sc.N. , Richard Liu M.Sc. , Karen Pacheco M.Sc. , Jacqueline H. Fortier M.Sc. , Gary E. Garber M.D.

Purpose

Adolescent and young adult patients occupy a clinically transitional space between pediatric and adult care. Youth with chronic conditions and special healthcare needs may have trouble accessing and receiving appropriate care in this transition, which may lead to patient safety issues and medicolegal risks for physicians. The objectives of this article were to explore patient safety issues and identify medicolegal risks for physicians.

Methods

A national repository was retrospectively searched for medicolegal cases (MLCs) involving complaints from youth. The study included MLCs closed at the Canadian Medical Protective Association between 2013 and 2022 involving youth. The study participants were adolescents and young adults aged ≥ 15 and ≤ 21 years with medical complexity. The frequencies and proportions of patient safety events and medicolegal risks for physicians were calculated by exploring factors that contributed to each incident using established frameworks.

Results

A total of 182 eligible MLCs were identified. Of 206 involved physicians, 55 were psychiatrists. The most common reasons for patient complaints were deficient assessment, diagnostic error, and communication breakdown with the patient and/or family. More than half of the cases were related to a harmful incident. Peer experts reviewed the cases and identified factors such as a deficient assessment, a failure to perform a test or intervention, failure to refer the patient, and insufficient provider knowledge/skill as contributing to the patient safety event.

Discussion

The impact of our findings is to identify gaps in care delivery to youth that can inform practitioners of ways to mitigate the gaps and improve patient care and health outcomes.

目的：青少年和年轻成人患者在临床上处于儿科和成人护理之间的过渡空间。在这一过渡时期，患有慢性疾病和有特殊医疗需求的青少年可能难以获得和接受适当的护理，这可能会导致患者安全问题和医生的医疗法律风险。本文旨在探讨患者安全问题并确定医生的医疗法律风险：方法：回顾性检索了一个全国性资料库中涉及青少年投诉的医疗法律案件（MLCs）。该研究包括加拿大医学保护协会在 2013 年至 2022 年期间结案的涉及青少年的医学法律案件。研究对象是年龄≥15岁和≤21岁、病情复杂的青少年和年轻成年人。通过使用既定框架探索导致每起事件的因素，计算出患者安全事件和医生医疗法律风险的频率和比例：结果：共发现了 182 起符合条件的医疗事故。在 206 名涉案医生中，55 人为精神科医生。患者投诉的最常见原因是评估不足、诊断错误以及与患者和/或家属沟通不畅。半数以上的病例与有害事件有关。同行专家对这些病例进行了审查，发现导致患者安全事件的因素包括评估不足、未能进行测试或干预、未能转诊患者以及医疗服务提供者的知识/技能不足：讨论：我们的研究结果有助于发现在为青少年提供医疗服务方面存在的不足，从而让从业人员了解如何缩小差距，改善患者的医疗服务和健康状况。

{"title":"Lessons Learned From a Retrospective Analysis of Medicolegal Risks for Physicians Treated Adolescents and Young Adults With Medical Complexity","authors":"Rana Aslanova M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. , Laura Payant M.Sc.N. , Richard Liu M.Sc. , Karen Pacheco M.Sc. , Jacqueline H. Fortier M.Sc. , Gary E. Garber M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Adolescent and young adult patients occupy a clinically transitional space between pediatric and adult care. Youth with chronic conditions and special healthcare needs may have trouble accessing and receiving appropriate care in this transition, which may lead to patient safety issues and medicolegal risks for physicians. The objectives of this article were to explore patient safety issues and identify medicolegal risks for physicians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A national repository was retrospectively searched for medicolegal cases (MLCs) involving complaints from youth. The study included MLCs closed at the Canadian Medical Protective Association between 2013 and 2022 involving youth. The study participants were adolescents and young adults aged ≥ 15 and ≤ 21 years with medical complexity. The frequencies and proportions of patient safety events and medicolegal risks for physicians were calculated by exploring factors that contributed to each incident using established frameworks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 182 eligible MLCs were identified. Of 206 involved physicians, 55 were psychiatrists. The most common reasons for patient complaints were deficient assessment, diagnostic error, and communication breakdown with the patient and/or family. More than half of the cases were related to a harmful incident. Peer experts reviewed the cases and identified factors such as a deficient assessment, a failure to perform a test or intervention, failure to refer the patient, and insufficient provider knowledge/skill as contributing to the patient safety event.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The impact of our findings is to identify gaps in care delivery to youth that can inform practitioners of ways to mitigate the gaps and improve patient care and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adolescent Health","volume":"75 5","pages":"Pages 750-756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School Absenteeism Among Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Transgender High School Students and Their Peers: A Cross-Sectional Study 少数种族和族裔变性中学生及其同龄人的旷课现象：一项横断面研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.028

Anita V. Chaphekar D.O. , Jae Sevelius Ph.D. , Dave Glidden Ph.D. , Stanley R. Vance Jr. M.D.

Purpose

To explore absenteeism among racially and ethnically minoritized transgender youth (trans REMY) compared to their White transgender (trans WY) and racially and ethnically minoritized cisgender (cis REMY) peers and identify associated psychosocial factors.

Methods

Biennial California Healthy Kids Survey 2017-2019 data was analyzed with a weighted sample of California's secondary school population. Students reported past 30-day absences due to mental health and harassment, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, cyberbullying, victimization, and school connectedness. Poisson and linear regression compared absenteeism and psychosocial factors among peer groups. For trans REMY, Poisson regression assessed associations between absenteeism and psychosocial factors. Analyses were adjusted for grade, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Results

The analytical sample (n = 25,085) included 206 trans REMY, 64 trans WY, and 24,815 cis REMY. Trans REMY had higher relative risk of absenteeism due to mental health concerns and harassment compared to cis REMY (adjusted relative risk 2.9, 95% confidence interval 2.1–4.0 and adjusted relative risk 8.1, 95% confidence interval 4.0–16.6, respectively) but similar risk when compared to trans WY. For trans REMY, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and victimization were associated with higher relative risk of absenteeism due to mental health concerns. Cyberbullying was associated with a higher risk of absenteeism due to harassment. Higher school connectedness was associated with lower risk of absenteeism due to mental health concerns.

Discussion

Trans REMY reported higher rates of school absenteeism due to mental health concerns and harassment compared to some of their peers. Mental health symptoms, victimization, cyberbullying, and school connectedness were associated with absenteeism among trans REMY.

目的：探讨与白人变性者（trans WY）和种族及民族少数化的顺性别者（cis REMY）同龄人相比，种族及民族少数化的变性青少年（trans REMY）的旷课情况，并确定相关的社会心理因素：对 2017-2019 年两年一度的加州健康儿童调查数据进行了分析，并对加州中学人口进行了加权抽样。学生们报告了过去 30 天因心理健康和骚扰、抑郁症状、自杀倾向、网络欺凌、受害和学校联系而缺勤的情况。泊松回归和线性回归比较了不同同龄群体的旷课情况和社会心理因素。对于跨 REMY，泊松回归评估了旷课与社会心理因素之间的关联。分析根据年级、性别和社会经济状况进行了调整：分析样本（n = 25,085）包括 206 名变性 REMY、64 名变性 WY 和 24,815 名顺式 REMY。与同性变性青少年相比，变性青少年因心理健康问题和骚扰而旷课的相对风险更高（调整后的相对风险分别为 2.9，95% 置信区间为 2.1-4.0 和 8.1，95% 置信区间为 4.0-16.6），但与变性怀俄明青少年相比，风险相似。对于变性 REMY 来说，抑郁症状、自杀意念和受害与因心理健康问题而缺勤的相对风险较高有关。网络欺凌与骚扰导致的缺勤风险较高有关。与学校的联系越紧密，因心理健康问题而旷课的风险就越低：与一些同龄人相比，跨性别青少年因心理健康问题和骚扰而旷课的比例较高。心理健康症状、受害情况、网络欺凌和与学校的联系与变性青少年旷课有关。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing and Infections Across the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents and Young Adults in an Integrated Health System 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，综合医疗系统中青少年淋病和衣原体检测及感染趋势。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.029

Alex Pelliccione M.D., M.P.H. , Sharareh Modaressi M.D., M.P.H. , Bruce Fireman M.A. , Evan Layefsky , Nicola P. Klein M.D., Ph.D. , Mitchell N. Luu M.D. , Ousseny Zerbo Ph.D.

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted testing and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with some studies showing uneven effects across sociodemographic groups. We aim to determine whether rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and infections were affected by the pandemic, overall and by subgroups, defined by sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2022, among adolescents and young adults ages 15–29 years within Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). We determined the rate of testing for gonorrhea/chlamydia, and the incident rates of infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by sociodemographic factors. We compared incidence rates of gonorrhea/chlamydia testing and infection before and during the pandemic using Poisson regression.

Results

Gonorrhea/chlamydia testing during the pandemic was 19% lower than prepandemic baseline. Testing among Black patients was 1.8-fold higher than White patients. Black patients had 5.5 and 3.6-fold higher rate of gonorrhea and chlamydia infections, respectively, compared with White patients. Patients living in more deprived neighborhoods also had higher rates of infection compared to those in the least deprived neighborhoods. In multivariable analyses stratified by the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no significant differences in the incidence rate ratios of testing or infections for any specific sociodemographic factor.

Discussion

STI testing in adolescents and young adults dropped dramatically after the start of the pandemic and has not recovered to its prior levels. Preexisting disparities in STI testing and infections were not exacerbated by the pandemic.

目的：COVID-19 大流行影响了性传播感染 (STI) 的检测和发病率，一些研究显示不同社会人口群体受到的影响并不均衡。我们旨在确定淋病和衣原体检测率和感染率是否受到大流行的影响，包括总体影响和根据社会人口因素和合并症定义的亚组影响：我们从 2016 年 1 月 1 日到 2022 年 12 月 31 日对北加州凯撒医疗集团 (KPNC) 的 15-29 岁青少年和年轻成年人进行了一项回顾性队列研究。我们根据社会人口因素确定了淋病/衣原体检测率，以及 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的感染率。我们使用泊松回归法比较了大流行前和大流行期间淋病/衣原体检测和感染的发生率：结果：大流行期间的淋病/衣原体检测率比大流行前的基线低 19%。黑人患者的检测率是白人患者的 1.8 倍。与白人患者相比，黑人患者的淋病和衣原体感染率分别高出 5.5 倍和 3.6 倍。与居住在最贫困社区的患者相比，居住在更贫困社区的患者感染率也更高。在按 COVID-19 流行前和流行期间分层的多变量分析中，任何特定社会人口因素的检测或感染发生率比均无显著差异：讨论：大流行开始后，青少年的性传播感染检测率急剧下降，至今仍未恢复到之前的水平。大流行并没有加剧性传播疾病检测和感染方面原有的差异。

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引用次数: 0

The Effects of the Connecting All Generations Through the Gerontech (CARETech) Program on Motivating Young People to Enter the Elderly Care Sector 通过老年技术连接各代人（CARETech）计划对激励年轻人进入老年护理行业的影响。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.015

Arkers Kwan Ching Wong R.N., Ph.D. , Jonathan Bayuo R.N., Ph.D. , Ho Yi Wong , Karen Kit Sum Chow M.Sc. , Siu Man Wong M.Sc. , Bonnie Bo Wong , Bob Chung Man Liu , David Chi Ho Lau M.Sc. , Tobias Kowatsch Ph.D.

Purpose

This study aims to organize an intergenerational program to provide unemployed young people with operational skills related to gerontechnology and the experience required to deliver digital outreach rehabilitation services to community-dwelling older people.

Methods

A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The young participants received a 12-session training program on the management of common chronic diseases, communication with older people, the functions and use of interactive games, and techniques to teach and match interactive games with older people. The perception of elderly outcomes (i.e., knowledge and attitude toward elderly care, willingness to care for the elderly), personal outcomes (i.e., life satisfaction, self-efficacy), and desired vocational outcomes (i.e., hours worked in the nongovernmental organization’s center, hours spent with older people) were evaluated preprogram and postprogram.

Results

Fifty-one young people joined the program. A statistically significant improvement was seen from preprogram to postprogram in their willingness to care for the elderly (p = .016) and life satisfaction (p = .005), as well as in the number of hours that they spent in the community center volunteering or engaged in social services for older people.

Discussion

The findings proved that the program could improve the willingness of young people to care for older people, as well as improve their own life satisfaction. Using gerontechnology can serve to bridge the intergenerational gap and bring benefits to both young adults and older people. It may provide policy makers with a way to address the manpower shortage in elderly care services and help frail older people to age in place.

目的：本研究旨在组织一项代际计划，为失业青年提供与电子技术相关的操作技能以及为社区老年人提供数字外展康复服务所需的经验：方法：采用准实验研究设计。青年参与者接受了为期 12 节的培训课程，内容包括常见慢性病的管理、与老年人的沟通、互动游戏的功能和使用，以及与老年人互动游戏的教学和匹配技巧。在项目开始前和结束后，对参与者对老年人结果的看法（即对老年人护理的认识和态度、护理老年人的意愿）、个人结果（即生活满意度、自我效能感）和期望的职业结果（即在非政府组织中心的工作时数、与老年人相处的时数）进行了评估：结果：51 名年轻人参加了该计划。从计划前到计划后，他们照顾老人的意愿（p = .016）和生活满意度（p = .005），以及他们在社区中心做义工或为老年人提供社会服务的小时数，都有了统计学意义上的明显改善：讨论：研究结果证明，该计划可以提高年轻人照顾老年人的意愿，并提高他们自身的生活满意度。使用老年技术可以弥合代际差距，为年轻人和老年人都带来益处。它可以为政策制定者提供一种方法，解决老年人护理服务人手不足的问题，帮助体弱的老年人居家养老。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Use Patterns of Technology Subtypes During the Transition Into Early Adolescence: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study 进入青春期初期技术亚型的纵向使用模式：青少年大脑认知发展研究的结果。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.020

Jacob T. Borodovsky Ph.D. , Lindsay M. Squeglia Ph.D. , Louise Mewton Ph.D. , Lisa A. Marsch Ph.D.

Purpose

Adolescents encounter a complex digital environment, yet existing data on youth technology use rarely differentiates technology subtypes. This study maps the evolution and intricacies of youth engagement with technology subtypes.

Methods

N = 11,868 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study followed from ages ∼9/10 to ∼13/14. We examined youths' self-reported hours per day (hr/day) of technology subtypes: TV/Movies, video games, YouTube, social media, video chat, and texting. We used descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal use patterns of technology subtypes, agreement between child and parent reports on the child's technology use, and associations between each technology subtype and sociodemographics (child's biological sex, parent education, income, and marital status).

Results

At age 9/10, ∼75% of youth reported minimal (<30 min/day) social technology use (social media, video chat, texting) and up to ∼1.5 hr/day of TV, video games, and YouTube. By age 13/14, TV trajectories were converging to >2 hr/day, but social technology trajectories “fanned out” into a wide range of usage rates. Child and parent reports were weakly correlated (r_s range: 0.13–0.29). Using child-reported hours of technology use, increases in the subject-specific odds of using a technology >2 hr/day ranged from 25% (YouTube; 95% CI: 1.16–1.35) to 234% (social media; 95% CI: 3.14–3.55). Compared with males, females had ∼100–200% greater odds of >2 hr/day of social technologies, but ∼40–80% reduced odds of >2 hr/day of video games and YouTube. Higher parent education and income predicted significantly lower odds of >2 hr/day of use – regardless of technology subtype.

Discussion

Distributions of youths' self-reported technology engagement are highly contingent on technology subtype, age, and biological sex. Future research on youth development and technology may benefit from considering youths' varied digital experiences.

目的：青少年面临着复杂的数字环境，但现有的青少年技术使用数据却很少区分技术亚型。本研究描绘了青少年参与技术亚型的演变和复杂性：N=11868名青少年大脑认知发展研究的参与者，年龄从9/10岁到∼13/14岁。我们调查了青少年自我报告的每天使用技术亚类的时间（小时/天）：电视/电影、视频游戏、YouTube、社交媒体、视频聊天和短信。我们使用描述性统计和多层次逻辑回归来评估技术子类型的横向和纵向使用模式、儿童和家长对儿童技术使用情况报告的一致性，以及每种技术子类型与社会人口统计学（儿童的生理性别、家长的教育程度、收入和婚姻状况）之间的关联：在 9/10 岁时，75% 的青少年报告说他们使用的技术很少（每天 2 小时，但社会技术的使用轨迹 "扩展 "到很大的使用率范围。儿童和家长的报告呈弱相关（rs 范围：0.13-0.29）。根据儿童报告的技术使用时长，每天使用技术超过 2 小时的特定主题几率增加了 25%（YouTube；95% CI：1.16-1.35）至 234%（社交媒体；95% CI：3.14-3.55）。与男性相比，女性每天使用社交媒体超过 2 小时的几率要高出 100-200% ，但每天使用电子游戏和 YouTube 超过 2 小时的几率要低 40-80% 。父母受教育程度和收入越高，每天使用社交技术超过2小时的几率就越低--不管是哪种技术子类型：讨论：青少年自我报告的技术参与度分布与技术子类型、年龄和生理性别密切相关。未来有关青少年发展和技术的研究可能会从青少年不同的数字体验中获益。

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