Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221150437
C. Nothaft
{"title":"A new series on Alfonsine astronomy","authors":"C. Nothaft","doi":"10.1177/00218286221150437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221150437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"113 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49636905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221150075
M. Rothenberg
{"title":"Laplace in America","authors":"M. Rothenberg","doi":"10.1177/00218286221150075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221150075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221151163
G. Higginbottom, A. C. González-García, Benito Vilas-Estévez, V. Lopez-Lopez, F. Criado-Boado
This paper investigates the land- and sky-scapes surrounding the dolmens of Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Having uncovered previously that the location of megalithic monuments in this coherent area of the south-eastern side of the European Atlantic Façade connects to complex topographical features, we now show how this chosen topography connects to astronomical phenomena. We will see how the detailed shape of the horizon coincides with specific risings and settings of the Sun and Moon, providing further support for the notion that the creators of these monuments selectively drew upon a variety of features found in their natural world.
本文调查了加利西亚死亡海岸（Costa da Morte）圆顶周围的陆地和天空景观。之前我们发现，欧洲大西洋东南侧这一连贯区域内巨石纪念碑的位置与复杂的地形特征有关，现在我们展示了这种选定的地形如何与天文现象有关。我们将看到地平线的详细形状如何与太阳和月亮的特定上升和背景相吻合，为这些纪念碑的创作者选择性地利用自然世界中发现的各种特征的观点提供进一步的支持。
{"title":"Landscape, orientation and celestial phenomena on the ‘Coast of Death’ of NW Iberia","authors":"G. Higginbottom, A. C. González-García, Benito Vilas-Estévez, V. Lopez-Lopez, F. Criado-Boado","doi":"10.1177/00218286221151163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221151163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the land- and sky-scapes surrounding the dolmens of Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Having uncovered previously that the location of megalithic monuments in this coherent area of the south-eastern side of the European Atlantic Façade connects to complex topographical features, we now show how this chosen topography connects to astronomical phenomena. We will see how the detailed shape of the horizon coincides with specific risings and settings of the Sun and Moon, providing further support for the notion that the creators of these monuments selectively drew upon a variety of features found in their natural world.","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"76 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45362386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221142543
J. Lattis
{"title":"Thirty years of the HST","authors":"J. Lattis","doi":"10.1177/00218286221142543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221142543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"107 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221130756
Jean-Patrice Boudet
El Libro delle Cento Parole di Phtolommeo, volgarizzamento inedito del Centiloquium pseudo-tolemaico. Michele Rinaldi (Testi e documenti di letteratura e di lingua, XLV; Salerno Editrice, Rome, 2021). Pp. xxxii + 164. 22 €. ISBN 9788869736018; El libro delle Cento Parole di Ptholommeo. Saggio di edizione critica del volgarizzamento fiorentino del Centiloquium pseudo-tolemaico. Agata Calcagno (Biblioteca di Carte Romanze, Series minor 2; Ledizioni, Milan, 2021). Pp. 140. 18 €. ISBN 9788855261968.
{"title":"Two editions of an Italian translation of Ps.-Ptolemy’s Centiloquium","authors":"Jean-Patrice Boudet","doi":"10.1177/00218286221130756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221130756","url":null,"abstract":"El Libro delle Cento Parole di Phtolommeo, volgarizzamento inedito del Centiloquium pseudo-tolemaico. Michele Rinaldi (Testi e documenti di letteratura e di lingua, XLV; Salerno Editrice, Rome, 2021). Pp. xxxii + 164. 22 €. ISBN 9788869736018; El libro delle Cento Parole di Ptholommeo. Saggio di edizione critica del volgarizzamento fiorentino del Centiloquium pseudo-tolemaico. Agata Calcagno (Biblioteca di Carte Romanze, Series minor 2; Ledizioni, Milan, 2021). Pp. 140. 18 €. ISBN 9788855261968.","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"110 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221149856
A. Turner
{"title":"A survey of Arabic astrolabe makers","authors":"A. Turner","doi":"10.1177/00218286221149856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221149856","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"119 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47220376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221126362
O. Schou
Tycho Brahe made several thousand observations of the celestial bodies, in general with an unprecedented accuracy and precision. A group of observations of a nebulous object known as Præsepe differs, however, significantly from the general picture. Over a period of 3 years, Tycho observed different astronomical coordinates for Præsepe; the values of meridian altitude differed by as much as 8 arcminutes for repeated observations, and the declination values by up to 5 arcminutes, systematic discrepancies such as these never seen before or since for Tycho’s stellar observations. In this article it will be demonstrated that these differences were due to the observation of three or four individual stars and not of a single arbitrarily defined centre in Præsepe, the open star cluster M44 as it is known today. Individual stars had not been resolved in Præsepe before, and consequently neither had their celestial coordinates been determined. Tycho selected a single of the observed stars to represent Præsepe and included its celestial coordinates in his star catalogues.
{"title":"Tycho Brahe’s observations of Præsepe Cancri","authors":"O. Schou","doi":"10.1177/00218286221126362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221126362","url":null,"abstract":"Tycho Brahe made several thousand observations of the celestial bodies, in general with an unprecedented accuracy and precision. A group of observations of a nebulous object known as Præsepe differs, however, significantly from the general picture. Over a period of 3 years, Tycho observed different astronomical coordinates for Præsepe; the values of meridian altitude differed by as much as 8 arcminutes for repeated observations, and the declination values by up to 5 arcminutes, systematic discrepancies such as these never seen before or since for Tycho’s stellar observations. In this article it will be demonstrated that these differences were due to the observation of three or four individual stars and not of a single arbitrarily defined centre in Præsepe, the open star cluster M44 as it is known today. Individual stars had not been resolved in Præsepe before, and consequently neither had their celestial coordinates been determined. Tycho selected a single of the observed stars to represent Præsepe and included its celestial coordinates in his star catalogues.","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"34 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221137803
R. Dunn
{"title":"A festschrift for Clive Ruggles","authors":"R. Dunn","doi":"10.1177/00218286221137803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221137803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"108 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49046885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221142546
G. Magli
Centiloquium, not by the translation of this text itself, but by that of the two appendices corresponding to the Trutina Hermetis and the De cometis. Unfortunately, this edition offers fewer and less rich notes than does Rinaldi’s and includes no appendix and no glossary. All these indications suggest that Calcagno’s work is much less thorough and scrupulous, especially philologically, than that of Rinaldi, an acknowledged specialist in Italian Renaissance astrology and the humanist versions of the Centiloquium who worked for a long time on the edition of this volgarizzamento. Moreover, Rinaldi shows (p. 136, n. 34) that the MS Magliabech. XX.22 is certainly very close to the Latin model which could have inspired this Italian translation (as attested by many common lessons and errors) but is not necessarily its direct source, contrary to what Calcagno claims (pp. 36–43). This does not detract from the remarkable interest of this volgarizzamento of the Centiloquium. It is in fact mainly in Italy that a rich manuscript tradition of marginal annotations to the Latin text in Plato of Tivoli’s version continued from the 13th to the end of the 15th century, intended to explain the meaning of the text and of the transliterations from the Arabic it contains, a tradition that perhaps goes back to Gerard of Cremona and his companions (Stefan Georges, Seb Falk and Emanuele Rovati are presently working on this topic), and of which traces can still be found in the incunabula editions published in Venice in 1484 and in 1493. Like about 10 other Latin manuscripts where this tradition of glosses is preserved, the two Florentine codices of the BNC, Magliabech. XX.22 and Palatino 641, are witnesses to the depth and sophistication of astrological acculturation in Italy in the last centuries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, an acculturation better transmitted to the lay elites than in other European countries at that time.
{"title":"A Festschrift for Clive Ruggles","authors":"G. Magli","doi":"10.1177/00218286221142546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221142546","url":null,"abstract":"Centiloquium, not by the translation of this text itself, but by that of the two appendices corresponding to the Trutina Hermetis and the De cometis. Unfortunately, this edition offers fewer and less rich notes than does Rinaldi’s and includes no appendix and no glossary. All these indications suggest that Calcagno’s work is much less thorough and scrupulous, especially philologically, than that of Rinaldi, an acknowledged specialist in Italian Renaissance astrology and the humanist versions of the Centiloquium who worked for a long time on the edition of this volgarizzamento. Moreover, Rinaldi shows (p. 136, n. 34) that the MS Magliabech. XX.22 is certainly very close to the Latin model which could have inspired this Italian translation (as attested by many common lessons and errors) but is not necessarily its direct source, contrary to what Calcagno claims (pp. 36–43). This does not detract from the remarkable interest of this volgarizzamento of the Centiloquium. It is in fact mainly in Italy that a rich manuscript tradition of marginal annotations to the Latin text in Plato of Tivoli’s version continued from the 13th to the end of the 15th century, intended to explain the meaning of the text and of the transliterations from the Arabic it contains, a tradition that perhaps goes back to Gerard of Cremona and his companions (Stefan Georges, Seb Falk and Emanuele Rovati are presently working on this topic), and of which traces can still be found in the incunabula editions published in Venice in 1484 and in 1493. Like about 10 other Latin manuscripts where this tradition of glosses is preserved, the two Florentine codices of the BNC, Magliabech. XX.22 and Palatino 641, are witnesses to the depth and sophistication of astrological acculturation in Italy in the last centuries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, an acculturation better transmitted to the lay elites than in other European countries at that time.","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"111 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00218286221140848
S. Zieme
Until the late 15th century, knowledge of Ptolemy’s Almagest in the Latin West was constituted by Gerard of Cremona’s translation from Arabic into Latin. The text of Gerard’s translation has been examined carefully and its dependence on two different Arabic versions is well studied. However, the tables of Gerard’s Latin Almagest have not been scrutinized, and the relation to their Arabic or Greek counterparts has not been examined. In this article, I will analyze the historical mathematical structure of tables in Gerard’s Latin Almagest translated from the Arabic in comparison to their Arabic and Greek precursors. While Gerard’s text has proved to be a faithful translation from Arabic templates, some of the tables will turn out to be different. Fundamental tables for, for example, the chord interpolation values, declination, and rising times appear to have been recomputed in order to match Ptolemy’s proofs and paradigm computations, which, in contrast, generally diverge in both Greek and Arabic tradition with the tables. It remains unclear if Gerard himself or someone in his company recalculated these tables and thus deliberately aimed to correct the ancient classic of astronomy. By a systematic analysis of these tables, I intend to provide a novel perspective on the medieval transmission and translation of knowledge, its cross-cultural exchange, and especially the practice of Gerard of Cremona and his collaborator(s).
{"title":"Gerard of Cremona’s Latin translation of the Almagest and the revision of tables","authors":"S. Zieme","doi":"10.1177/00218286221140848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00218286221140848","url":null,"abstract":"Until the late 15th century, knowledge of Ptolemy’s Almagest in the Latin West was constituted by Gerard of Cremona’s translation from Arabic into Latin. The text of Gerard’s translation has been examined carefully and its dependence on two different Arabic versions is well studied. However, the tables of Gerard’s Latin Almagest have not been scrutinized, and the relation to their Arabic or Greek counterparts has not been examined. In this article, I will analyze the historical mathematical structure of tables in Gerard’s Latin Almagest translated from the Arabic in comparison to their Arabic and Greek precursors. While Gerard’s text has proved to be a faithful translation from Arabic templates, some of the tables will turn out to be different. Fundamental tables for, for example, the chord interpolation values, declination, and rising times appear to have been recomputed in order to match Ptolemy’s proofs and paradigm computations, which, in contrast, generally diverge in both Greek and Arabic tradition with the tables. It remains unclear if Gerard himself or someone in his company recalculated these tables and thus deliberately aimed to correct the ancient classic of astronomy. By a systematic analysis of these tables, I intend to provide a novel perspective on the medieval transmission and translation of knowledge, its cross-cultural exchange, and especially the practice of Gerard of Cremona and his collaborator(s).","PeriodicalId":56280,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"3 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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