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Frequency Following Responses to Tone Glides: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss. 音调下滑的频率跟随反应:年龄和听力损失的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00900-7
Michelle R Molis, William J Bologna, Brandon M Madsen, Ramesh Kumar Muralimanohar, Curtis J Billings

Purpose: Speech is characterized by dynamic acoustic cues that must be encoded by the auditory periphery, auditory nerve, and brainstem before they can be represented in the auditory cortex. The fidelity of these cues in the brainstem can be assessed with the frequency-following response (FFR). Data obtained from older adults-with normal or impaired hearing-were compared with previous results obtained from normal-hearing younger adults to evaluate the effects of age and hearing loss on the fidelity of FFRs to tone glides.

Method: A signal detection approach was used to model a threshold criterion to distinguish the FFR from baseline neural activity. The response strength and temporal coherence of the FFR to tone glides varying in direction (rising or falling) and extent ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or 1 octave) were assessed by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stimulus-response correlation coefficient (SRCC) in older adults with normal hearing and with hearing loss.

Results: Significant group mean differences in both SNR and SRCC were noted-with poorer responses more frequently observed with increased age and hearing loss-but with considerable response variability among individuals within each group and substantial overlap among group distributions.

Conclusion: The overall distribution of FFRs across listeners and stimulus conditions suggests that observed group differences associated with age and hearing loss are influenced by a decreased likelihood of older and hearing-impaired individuals having a detectable FFR response and by lower average FFR fidelity among those older and hearing-impaired individuals who do have a detectable response.

目的:语音的特征是动态声学线索,这些线索必须由听觉外围、听觉神经和脑干编码,才能在听觉皮层中表现出来。脑干中这些线索的保真度可以用频率跟随反应(FFR)来评估。将从听力正常或受损的老年人获得的数据与之前从听力正常的年轻人获得的结果进行比较,以评估年龄和听力损失对FFR对音调滑动的保真度的影响。方法:采用信号检测方法对阈值标准进行建模,以区分血流储备分数和基线神经活动。在听力正常和听力损失的老年人中,通过信噪比(SNR)和刺激反应相关系数(SRCC)评估FFR对音调滑动的反应强度和时间连贯性,音调滑动在方向(上升或下降)和范围([公式:见正文]、[公式:参见正文]或1个倍频程)上变化。结果:SNR和SRCC的组平均值存在显著差异,随着年龄和听力损失的增加,反应更差,但各组个体的反应差异很大,组间分布有很大重叠。结论:不同听众和刺激条件下血流储备分数的总体分布表明,观察到的与年龄和听力损失相关的群体差异受到老年人和听力受损者有可检测的血流储备分数反应的可能性降低的影响,以及受有可检测反应的老年人和听觉受损者平均血流储备分数保真度较低的影响。
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引用次数: 0
An Opportunity for Constructing the Future of Data Sharing in Otolaryngology. 构建耳鼻喉科数据共享未来的机遇。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00908-z
Mark A Eckert, Fatima T Husain, Dona M P Jayakody, Winfried Schlee, Christopher R Cederroth
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引用次数: 0
Abnormal Functional Connectivity Within Default Mode Network and Salience Network Related to Tinnitus Severity. 与耳鸣严重程度相关的默认模式网络和突出网络内的异常功能连接。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00905-2
Binbin Xiong, Zhao Liu, Jiahong Li, Xiayin Huang, Jing Yang, Wenqiang Xu, Yu-Chen Chen, Yuexin Cai, Yiqing Zheng

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that tinnitus is associated with neural changes in the cerebral cortex. This study is aimed at investigating the central nervous characteristics of tinnitus patients with different severity by using a rs-EEG.

Participants and methods: rs-EEG was recorded in fifty-seven patients with chronic tinnitus and twenty-seven healthy controls. Tinnitus patients were divided into moderate-to-severe tinnitus group and slight-to-mild tinnitus group based on their Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores. Source localization and functional connectivity analyses were used to measure the changes in central levels and examine the altered network patterns. The correlation between functional connectivity and tinnitus severity was analyzed.

Result: Compared to the healthy controls, all tinnitus patients showed significant activation in the auditory cortex (middle temporal lobe, BA 21), while moderate-to-severe tinnitus group showed enhanced connectivity between the parahippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, the moderate-to-severe tinnitus group had enhanced functional connectivity between auditory cortex and insula compared to the slight-to-mild tinnitus group. The connections between the insula and the parahippocampal and posterior cingulate gyrus were positively correlated with THI scores.

Conclusion: The current study reveals that patients with moderate-to-severe tinnitus demonstrate greater changes in the central brain areas, including the auditory cortex, insula, parahippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. In addition, enhanced connections were found between the insula and the auditory cortex, as well as the posterior cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampus, which suggests abnormality in the auditory network, salience network, and default mode network. Specifically, the insula is the core region of the neural pathway that is composed of the auditory cortex, insula, and parahippocampus/posterior cingulate gyrus. This suggests that the severity of tinnitus is affected by multiple brain regions.

背景:先前的研究表明耳鸣与大脑皮层的神经变化有关。本研究旨在利用rs EEG研究不同严重程度耳鸣患者的中枢神经特征。参与者和方法:记录57名慢性耳鸣患者和27名健康对照的rs EEG。根据耳鸣障碍量表(THI)评分,将耳鸣患者分为中度至重度耳鸣组和轻度至轻度耳鸣组。使用源定位和功能连接分析来测量中心级别的变化,并检查改变的网络模式。分析了功能连接与耳鸣严重程度之间的相关性。结果:与健康对照组相比,所有耳鸣患者的听觉皮层(中颞叶,BA21)都表现出显著的激活,而中度至重度耳鸣组的海马旁和后扣带回之间的连接增强。此外,与轻度至轻度耳鸣组相比,中度至重度耳鸣组听觉皮层和脑岛之间的功能连接增强。脑岛与海马旁和扣带回后部之间的连接与THI评分呈正相关。结论:目前的研究表明,中重度耳鸣患者的大脑中央区域发生了更大的变化,包括听觉皮层、岛叶、海马旁和后扣带回。此外,在脑岛和听觉皮层、后扣带回和海马旁之间发现了增强的连接,这表明听觉网络、显著性网络和默认模式网络存在异常。具体而言,脑岛是由听觉皮层、脑岛和海马旁/后扣带回组成的神经通路的核心区域。这表明耳鸣的严重程度受到大脑多个区域的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Nuclear Translocation Triggered at the Onset of Hearing in Cochlear Inner Hair Cells of Rats and Mice. 大鼠和小鼠耳蜗内毛细胞听力开始时引发的核易位。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00894-2
Megana R Iyer, Radha Kalluri

Purpose: Nuclear position is precisely orchestrated during cell division, migration, and maturation of cells and tissues. Here we report a previously unrecognized, programmed movement of the nucleus in rat and mouse cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) coinciding with the functional maturation of inner hair cells around the onset of hearing.

Methods: We measured hair cell length and nuclear position from confocal scans of immunofluorescence-labeled hair cells from whole-mount cochlear preparations throughout post-natal development.

Results: In early post-natal days, the IHC experiences a period of sustained growth, during which the nucleus sits at the very basal pole of the cell, far from the apically located mechano-transducing stereocilia, but close to where synapses with primary afferent and efferent neurons are forming. After IHCs reach their final length, the nucleus moves to occupy a new position half-way along the length of the cell. Nuclear translocation begins in the middle turn, completes throughout the cochlea within 2-3 days, and coincides with the emergence of endolymphatic potential, the acquisition of big-conductance potassium channels (BK), and the onset of acoustic hearing. IHCs cultured in-vitro without endolymphatic potential (EP) do not grow, do not express BK, and do not experience nuclear movement. IHCs cultured in high K+ solutions (to simulate EP) grow but do not experience nuclear movement or acquire BK channels.

Conclusion: Nuclear migration at the onset of hearing is a key step in the morphological maturation of IHCs. Whether this plays a role in functional maturation remains to be explored.

目的:在细胞和组织的分裂、迁移和成熟过程中,核的位置是精确编排的。在这里,我们报道了大鼠和小鼠耳蜗内毛细胞(IHCs)的细胞核先前未被识别的程序化运动,与内毛细胞在听力开始时的功能成熟相一致。方法:我们测量了毛细胞的长度和核位置的共聚焦扫描免疫荧光标记的毛细胞从全贴装耳蜗准备在整个产后发育。结果:在出生后的早期,IHC经历了一段持续生长的时期,在此期间,细胞核位于细胞的最基底极,远离位于顶端的机械转导立体纤毛,但靠近与初级传入和传出神经元形成突触的地方。在ihc达到最终长度后,细胞核移动到沿着细胞长度的中间位置占据新的位置。核易位开始于中转期,在2-3天内完成整个耳蜗,与内淋巴电位的出现、大电导钾通道(BK)的获得和声学听力的开始同时发生。体外培养的没有内淋巴潜能(EP)的IHCs不能生长,不能表达BK,也不能经历核运动。在高K+溶液中培养的ihc(模拟EP)生长,但不经历核运动或获得BK通道。结论:听力开始时的核迁移是ihc形态成熟的关键步骤。这是否在功能成熟中起作用仍有待探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity to Pulse Rate and Amplitude Modulation in an Animal Model of the Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI). 听觉脑干植入(ABI)动物模型对脉率和振幅调制的敏感性。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00897-z
Stephen McInturff, Victor Adenis, Florent-Valéry Coen, Stéphanie P Lacour, Daniel J Lee, M Christian Brown

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is an auditory neuroprosthesis that provides hearing by electrically stimulating the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brainstem. Our previous study (McInturff et al., 2022) showed that single-pulse stimulation of the dorsal (D)CN subdivision with low levels of current evokes responses that have early latencies, different than the late response patterns observed from stimulation of the ventral (V)CN. How these differing responses encode more complex stimuli, such as pulse trains and amplitude modulated (AM) pulses, has not been explored. Here, we compare responses to pulse train stimulation of the DCN and VCN, and show that VCN responses, measured in the inferior colliculus (IC), have less adaption, higher synchrony, and higher cross-correlation. However, with high-level DCN stimulation, responses become like those to VCN stimulation, supporting our earlier hypothesis that current spreads from electrodes on the DCN to excite neurons located in the VCN. To AM pulses, stimulation of the VCN elicits responses with larger vector strengths and gain values especially in the high-CF portion of the IC. Additional analysis using neural measures of modulation thresholds indicate that these measures are lowest for VCN. Human ABI users with low modulation thresholds, who score best on comprehension tests, may thus have electrode arrays that stimulate the VCN. Overall, the results show that the VCN has superior response characteristics and suggest that it should be the preferred target for ABI electrode arrays in humans.

听性脑干植入体(ABI)是一种听觉神经假体,通过电刺激脑干的耳蜗核(CN)来提供听力。我们之前的研究(McInturff 等人,2022 年)表明,用低水平电流单脉冲刺激背侧(D)CN 细分区会诱发具有早期潜伏期的反应,与刺激腹侧(V)CN 观察到的晚期反应模式不同。这些不同的反应如何编码更复杂的刺激,如脉冲串和振幅调制(AM)脉冲,还没有进行过研究。在这里,我们比较了腹侧神经网络和腹侧神经网络对脉冲串刺激的反应,结果表明,在下丘(IC)测量的腹侧神经网络反应具有较低的适应性、较高的同步性和较高的交叉相关性。然而,在对直流神经网进行高强度刺激时,其反应会变得与对变性直流神经网刺激时的反应相似,这支持了我们之前的假设,即电流从直流神经网上的电极扩散到变性直流神经网中,从而激发变性直流神经网中的神经元。对于 AM 脉冲,刺激 VCN 会引起矢量强度和增益值更大的反应,尤其是在 IC 的高 CF 部分。使用神经测量调制阈值进行的其他分析表明,VCN 的这些测量值最低。因此,调制阈值低的人类 ABI 用户在理解测试中得分最高,他们的电极阵列可能会刺激 VCN。总之,研究结果表明,VCN 具有更优越的反应特性,并建议将其作为人类 ABI 电极阵列的首选目标。
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引用次数: 0
Types of Inheritance and Genes Associated with Familial Meniere Disease. 家族性梅尼埃病的遗传类型和相关基因。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0
Alberto M Parra-Perez, Jose A Lopez-Escamez

Meniere disease (MD) is a rare disorder of the inner ear defined by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with episodes of vertigo and tinnitus. The phenotype is variable, and it may be associated with other comorbidities such as migraine, respiratory allergies, and several autoimmune disorders. The condition has a significant heritability according to epidemiological and familial segregation studies. Familial MD is found in 10% of cases, the most frequently found genes being OTOG, MYO7A, and TECTA, previously associated with autosomal dominant and recessive non-syndromic SNHL. These findings suggest a new hypothesis where proteins involved in the extracellular structures in the apical surface of sensory epithelia (otolithic and tectorial membranes) and proteins in the stereocilia links would be key elements in the pathophysiology of MD. The ionic homeostasis of the otolithic and tectorial membranes could be critical to suppress the innate motility of individual hair cell bundles. Initially, focal detachment of these extracellular membranes may cause random depolarization of hair cells and will explain changes in tinnitus loudness or trigger vertigo attacks in early stages of MD. With the progression of the disease, a larger detachment will lead to an otolithic membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal with dissociation in caloric and head impulse responses. Familial MD shows different types of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and compound recessive patterns and implementation of genetic testing will improve our understanding of the genetic structure of MD.

梅尼埃病(MD)是一种罕见的内耳疾病,由感觉神经性听力损失(SNHL)定义,伴有眩晕和耳鸣发作。表型是可变的,它可能与其他合并症,如偏头痛、呼吸道过敏和一些自身免疫性疾病有关。根据流行病学和家族分离研究,该病具有显著的遗传性。家族性MD在10%的病例中被发现,最常发现的基因是OTOG, MYO7A和TECTA,以前与常染色体显性和隐性非综合征性SNHL相关。这些发现提出了一种新的假设,即参与感觉上皮(耳石膜和毡膜)顶端表面细胞外结构的蛋白质和体纤毛连接中的蛋白质可能是MD病理生理的关键因素。耳石膜和毡膜的离子稳态可能对抑制单个毛细胞束的先天运动至关重要。最初,这些细胞外膜的局灶性脱离可能引起毛细胞的随机去极化,并将解释MD早期耳鸣响度的变化或引发眩晕发作。随着疾病的进展,较大的脱离将导致耳石膜疝入水平半圆形管,并在热量和头部冲动反应中分离。家族性MD表现出不同的遗传类型,包括常染色体显性和复合隐性模式,基因检测的实施将提高我们对MD遗传结构的认识。
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引用次数: 2
In Vivo Optical Characterization of Middle Ear Effusions and Biofilms During Otitis Media. 中耳炎期间中耳积液和生物膜的活体光学特征。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00901-6
Jungeun Won, Guillermo L Monroy, Pawjai Khampang, Ronit Barkalifa, Wenzhou Hong, Eric J Chaney, Edita Aksamitiene, Ryan G Porter, Michael A Novak, Darold R Spillman, Joseph E Kerschner, Stephen A Boppart

Otitis media (OM), a common ear infection, is characterized by the presence of an accumulated middle ear effusion (MEE) in a normally air-filled middle ear cavity. While assessing the MEE plays a critical role in the overall management of OM, identifying and examining the MEE is challenging with the current diagnostic tools since the MEE is located behind the semi-opaque eardrum. The objective of this cross-sectional, observational study is to non-invasively visualize and characterize MEEs and bacterial biofilms in the middle ear. A portable, handheld, otoscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) system combined with novel analytical methods has been developed. In vivo middle ear OCT images were acquired from 53 pediatric subjects (average age of 3.9 years; all awake during OCT imaging) diagnosed with OM and undergoing a surgical procedure (ear tube surgery) to aspirate the MEE and aerate the middle ear. In vivo middle ear OCT acquired prior to the surgery was compared with OCT of the freshly extracted MEEs, clinical diagnosis, and post-operative evaluations. Among the subjects who were identified with the presence of MEEs, 89.6% showed the presence of the TM-adherent biofilm in in vivo OCT. This study provides an atlas of middle ear OCT images exhibiting a range of depth-resolved MEE features, which can only be visualized and assessed non-invasively through OCT. Quantitative metrics of OCT images acquired prior to the surgery were statistically correlated with surgical evaluations of MEEs. Measurements of MEE characteristics will provide new readily available information that can lead to improved diagnosis and management strategies for the highly prevalent OM in children.

中耳炎(OM)是一种常见的耳部感染,其特点是在正常充满空气的中耳腔内出现积聚的中耳积液(MEE)。虽然评估中耳积液在中耳炎的整体治疗中起着至关重要的作用,但由于中耳积液位于半透明鼓膜的后面,因此使用现有的诊断工具识别和检查中耳积液具有挑战性。这项横断面观察性研究的目的是以无创方式观察和描述中耳的 MEE 和细菌生物膜。该研究开发了一种便携式手持耳镜集成光学相干断层扫描(OCT)系统,并结合了新颖的分析方法。53 名小儿(平均年龄 3.9 岁,OCT 成像期间均保持清醒)被确诊为 OM,正在接受手术(耳管手术)以抽吸中耳 MEE 并给中耳通气,采集了他们的活体中耳 OCT 图像。将手术前获得的活体中耳 OCT 与新鲜提取的 MEE 的 OCT、临床诊断和术后评估进行了比较。在确定存在 MEE 的受试者中,89.6% 的人在活体 OCT 中显示存在 TM 附着生物膜。这项研究提供了中耳 OCT 图像图集,展示了一系列深度分辨的 MEE 特征,而这些特征只能通过 OCT 进行非侵入性观察和评估。手术前获取的 OCT 图像的定量指标与 MEE 的手术评估结果呈统计学相关性。对 MEE 特征的测量将提供新的现成信息,从而改进对儿童高发的 OM 的诊断和管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
An Inverse Relationship Between Gray Matter Volume and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing Sensitivity. 听觉灵敏度正常的耳鸣患者的灰质体积与噪音中的语音表现之间存在反比关系
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00895-1
Yihsin Tai, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A Khan, Sara A Schmidt, Fatima T Husain

Speech-in-noise (SiN) recognition difficulties are often reported in patients with tinnitus. Although brain structural changes such as reduced gray matter (GM) volume in auditory and cognitive processing regions have been reported in the tinnitus population, it remains unclear how such changes influence speech understanding, such as SiN performance. In this study, pure-tone audiometry and Quick Speech-in-Noise test were conducted on individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing and hearing-matched controls. T1-weighted structural MRI images were obtained from all participants. After preprocessing, GM volumes were compared between tinnitus and control groups using whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses. Further, regression analyses were performed to examine the correlation between regional GM volume and SiN scores in each group. The results showed decreased GM volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the tinnitus group relative to the control group. In the tinnitus group, SiN performance showed a negative correlation with GM volume in the left cerebellum (Crus I/II) and the left superior temporal gyrus; no significant correlation between SiN performance and regional GM volume was found in the control group. Even with clinically defined normal hearing and comparable SiN performance relative to controls, tinnitus appears to change the association between SiN recognition and regional GM volume. This change may reflect compensatory mechanisms utilized by individuals with tinnitus who maintain behavioral performance.

据报道,耳鸣患者经常会遇到噪音中的语音(SiN)识别困难。虽然有报道称耳鸣患者的大脑结构发生了变化,如听觉和认知处理区域的灰质(GM)体积减少,但这种变化如何影响语音理解,如SiN表现,目前仍不清楚。本研究对耳鸣患者、听力正常者和听力匹配对照者进行了纯音测听和快速噪音语音测试。所有参与者均获得了 T1 加权结构 MRI 图像。经过预处理后,使用全脑和感兴趣区分析比较了耳鸣组和对照组的基因组体积。此外,还进行了回归分析,以研究各组的区域 GM 体积与 SiN 评分之间的相关性。结果显示,与对照组相比,耳鸣组右侧额叶下回的 GM 体积减少。在耳鸣组中,SiN成绩与左侧小脑(Crus I/II)和左侧颞上回的GM体积呈负相关;在对照组中,SiN成绩与区域GM体积之间没有发现显著的相关性。即使临床定义的听力正常,SiN表现与对照组相当,耳鸣似乎也会改变SiN识别与区域GM体积之间的关联。这种变化可能反映了耳鸣患者在维持行为表现时所使用的补偿机制。
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引用次数: 0
Finite-Element Modelling Based on Optical Coherence Tomography and Corresponding X-ray MicroCT Data for Three Human Middle Ears. 基于光学相干断层扫描和相应 X 射线显微 CT 数据的三只人类中耳有限元模型。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00899-x
Marzieh Golabbakhsh, Xuan Wang, Dan MacDougall, Joshua Farrell, Thomas Landry, W Robert J Funnell, Robert Adamson

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which is non-invasive, can be employed in vivo, and can record both anatomy and vibrations. The purpose here is to explore the application of finite-element (FE) modelling to OCT data.

Methods: We recorded vibrations for three human cadaver middle ears using OCT. We also have X-ray microCT images from the same ears. Three FE models were built based on geometries obtained from the microCT images. The material properties and boundary conditions of the models were obtained from previously reported studies.

Results: Tympanic-membrane (TM) vibration patterns were computed for the three models and compared with the patterns measured using OCT. Frequency responses were also computed for all three models for several locations in the middle ear and compared with the OCT displacements and with the literature. The three models were compared with each other in terms of geometry and function. Parameter sensitivity analyses were done and the results were compared among the models and with the literature. The simulated TM displacement patterns are qualitatively similar to the OCT results. The simulated displacements are closer to the OCT results for 500 Hz and 1 kHz but the differences are greater at 2 kHz.

Conclusion: This study provides an initial look at the combined use of OCT measurements and FE modelling based on subject-specific anatomy. The geometries and parameters of the existing FE models could be modified for individual patients in the future to help identify abnormalities in the middle ear.

目的:光学相干断层扫描(OCT)是一种新兴的成像方式,它是非侵入性的,可在体内使用,并能记录解剖和振动。本文旨在探索有限元(FE)建模在 OCT 数据中的应用:方法:我们使用 OCT 记录了三个人体尸体中耳的振动。方法:我们使用 OCT 记录了三只人体尸体中耳的振动情况,同时还获得了同一耳朵的 X 射线显微 CT 图像。我们根据从显微 CT 图像中获得的几何图形建立了三个有限元模型。模型的材料属性和边界条件均来自之前的研究报告:结果:计算了三个模型的鼓膜(TM)振动模式,并与使用 OCT 测量的模式进行了比较。还计算了所有三个模型在中耳多个位置的频率响应,并与 OCT 位移和文献进行了比较。三个模型在几何和功能方面进行了比较。进行了参数敏感性分析,并将结果与模型之间以及与文献进行了比较。模拟的 TM 位移模式在本质上与 OCT 结果相似。在 500 Hz 和 1 kHz 时,模拟位移更接近 OCT 结果,但在 2 kHz 时差异更大:本研究初步探讨了基于特定受试者解剖结构的 OCT 测量和 FE 建模的结合使用。现有 FE 模型的几何形状和参数今后可根据患者的具体情况进行修改,以帮助识别中耳异常。
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引用次数: 0
Bandpass Shape of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Ratio Functions Reflects Cochlear Frequency Tuning in Normal-Hearing Mice. 畸变积耳声发射比函数的带通形状反映正常听力小鼠耳蜗频率调谐。
IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00892-4
James B Dewey, Christopher A Shera

The frequency selectivity of the mammalian auditory system is critical for discriminating complex sounds like speech. This selectivity derives from the sharp tuning of the cochlea's mechanical response to sound, which is largely attributed to the amplification of cochlear vibrations by outer hair cells (OHCs). Due to its nonlinearity, the amplification process also leads to the generation of distortion products (DPs), some of which propagate out to the ear canal as DP otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). However, the insight that these signals provide about the tuned micro- and macro-mechanics underlying their generation remains unclear. Using optical coherence tomography to measure cochlear vibrations in mice, we show that the cochlea's frequency tuning is reflected in the bandpass shape that is observed in DPOAE amplitudes when the ratio of the two evoking stimulus frequencies is varied (here termed DPOAE "ratio functions"). The tuning sharpness of DPOAE ratio functions and cochlear vibrations co-varied with stimulus level, with a similar quantitative agreement in tuning sharpness observed for both apical and mid-cochlear locations. Measurement of intracochlear DPs revealed that the tuning of the DPOAE ratio functions was not caused by mechanisms that shape DPs locally near where they are generated. Instead, simple model simulations indicate that the bandpass shape is due to a more global wave interference phenomenon. It appears that the filtering of DPOAEs by wave interactions over an extended spatial region allows them to provide a window onto the frequency tuning of single cochlear locations.

哺乳动物听觉系统的频率选择性对于辨别像说话这样的复杂声音至关重要。这种选择性源于耳蜗对声音的机械反应的尖锐调谐,这在很大程度上归因于耳蜗外毛细胞(ohc)对耳蜗振动的放大。由于其非线性,放大过程也会产生失真产物(DP),其中一些失真产物以DP耳声发射(dpoae)的形式传播到耳道。然而,这些信号提供的关于其产生背后的调谐微观和宏观力学的见解仍然不清楚。利用光学相干断层扫描测量小鼠耳蜗振动,我们发现,当两个刺激频率的比值变化时,耳蜗的频率调谐反映在DPOAE振幅中观察到的带通形状(这里称为DPOAE“比值函数”)。DPOAE比值函数和耳蜗振动的调谐锐度随刺激水平的变化而变化,耳蜗顶端和中耳蜗位置的调谐锐度具有相似的定量一致性。耳蜗内DPs的测量显示,DPOAE比率函数的调整不是由形成DPs的机制引起的,这些机制在它们产生的地方附近形成DPs。相反,简单的模型模拟表明,带通形状是由于更全局的波干涉现象。在一个扩展的空间区域内,波相互作用对dpoae的过滤似乎允许它们为单个耳蜗位置的频率调谐提供一个窗口。
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引用次数: 3
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Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
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