Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

In order to investigate whether suppression of the p16 gene is mediated by histone H3 acetylation in 4 canine lymphoid tumor cell lines, the gene's acetylation status was examined. In 2 canine lymphoid tumor cell lines with low p16 mRNA expression (GL-1 and UL-1), the acetylation level was lower than that in CL-1 cells with high p16 mRNA expression. The expression of the p16 gene in these 2 cell lines was markedly restored after culture in the presence of a histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A, indicating that p16 was inactivated by hypoacetylation. Findings obtained this study will add new insights and lead to the better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and future development of epigenetic therapeutic strategies.

The focus of this study was on genetic diversity of TB horse population raised in B&H. Genomic DNA was genotyped by using 17 microsatellite markers. A total of 103 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.059 and effective number of alleles was 3.293. Means of observed and expected heterozygosity were calculated 0.645 and 0.696, respectively. The average PIC values was 0.649 and inbreeding coefficient was 0.090. Based on all observed parameters, ASB2 locus showed the highest genetic diversity while locus HMS2 was the least diverse. These results suggest that the population of TB horses from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity, indicating the presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability.

The effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) therapy was studied in 50 dogs with surgically treated Hansen type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH). Administration of MPSS significantly reduced the swelling of the spinal cord. The sensitivity of localization of disk extrusion using myelography in the MPSS group was 92.3%, and in the non-administration group was 83.3%. No significant difference in recovery rate or length of recovery time was found between the two groups. Administration of MPSS reduced spinal cord swelling, but has no effect on recovery in dogs after surgery for TL-IVDH.

We examined the effects of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria administrated orally to lactating cattle on the intestinal flora. A dose of 3 X 10¹¹ colony forming unit (cfu) of freeze-dried Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens (JCM1099) encapsulated in an enteric capsule capable of bypassing the rumen was administered for seven days. DNA was extracted from feces 0 and 24 hr after daily administration. Metagenomic analysis showed an increasing trend of the alpha diversity, an index of the species diversity. Furthermore, principal component analysis of intestinal flora revealed that cattle could be differentiated by JCM1099 capsule and suspension administration via principal components 1, 2, and 3. We conclude that administration of encapsulated JCM1099 can alter the intestinal bacterial flora of cattle.

Feline hemoplasmas, consisting of Mycoplasma haemofelis (M. haemofelis), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Ca. M. haemominutum), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (Ca. M. turicensis), cause feline infectious anemia and zoonoses. Using multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, 22 blood samples from fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) living in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, Thailand were determined positive for M. haemofelis (13.6%)and Ca. M. haemominutum (22.7%). M. haemofelis and Ca. M. haemominutum infection can result severe anemia and asymptomatic, respectively. However, not all positive cases exhibit anemia symptoms. Future study of hemoplasma infection in wild felids is necessary for conservation and the preservation of public health in Thailand.

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (UXADR) is an integral membrane protein that serves as a receptor for coxsackie B viruses and adenovirus types 2 and 5. Previous studies demonstrated that Fowl adenovirus (FAV) can also utilize Homo sapiens CXADR to infect cells. FAV is a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Adenoviridae. FAV causes inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. In addition, FAV serotypes 1 and 8 have recently been shown to cause gizzard erosion in chickens. These chicken diseases and growth insufficiency caused by FAV infection result in great economic loss. Thus, identifying and characterizing the viral receptor would further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus infection and histocompatibility. Here, in order to determine the FAV receptor in chickens, we investigated the effect of the recently identified Gallus gallus CXADR (ggCXADR) on FAV infection. Overexpression of ggCXADR in CHO cells resulted in increased FAV binding and expression of early FAV genes. However, the propagation of infectious viruses in CHO cells expressing ggCXADR was not detected. These findings provide the basis for further studies aimed at elucidating the infection mechanism of FAV. Further research is required to characterize the additional host factors involved in FAV infection and life cycle.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cyadox (CYA), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and resveratrol (RES) on rabbit isolated erythrocytes in two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100) μg/mI of CYA and pM of both CIN and RES separately on isolated erythrocytes in order to make the concentration response curve. Results indicated that CYA caused a significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) content compared to control at 40 μg/ml and the depletion increased by increasing the concentration. On the other hand, both RES and CIN showed a highly significant elevation of GSH content at 40 μM being more effective by increasing concentrations. Experiment 2 investigated the potential benefits of using CIN and RES separately or in combination on CYA induced alterations in isolated rabbit erythrocytes (the used concentrations were based on the results of experiment 1). Results revealed that exposure to CYA caused a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein (TP) contents, CYA also elevated extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), increased the malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PrC) contents with increasing caspase3 and caspase8 activities suggesting CYA pro-oxidant effect. Both CIN and RES were able to inverse these hazardous effects of CYA. However, CIN was more effective than RES, and their combination showed a positive synergistic effect in protecting cells against oxidative injury caused by CYA.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subpopulation of cells responsible for tumor formation and progression, drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasization. CSCs have been identified in many human tumors including osteosarcoma (OSA). CSC distinctive properties are the expression of stem cell markers, sustained growth, self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Here we report the isolation of stem-like cells from two canine OSA cultures, characterized by self-renewal, evaluated by sphere formation ability, differential marker expression, and in vitro proliferation when cultured in a medium containing EGF and bFGF. Current therapies for OSA increased survival time, but prognosis remains poor, due to the development of drug resistance and metastases. Chemotherapy shrinks the tumor mass but CSCs remain unaffected, leading to tumor recurrence. Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown to possess antitumor properties affecting CSC survival in different human and animal cancers. Here we show that metformin has a significant antiproliferative effect on canine OSA stem-like cells, validating this in vitro model for further pre-clinical drug evaluations. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining CSC-enriched cultures from primary canine OSA cells as a promising model for biological and pharmacological studies of canine and human OSAs.

A two-day-old female Toggenburg goat with thoracic ectopia cordis (EC) was diagnosed via radiography and computed tomography. The goat was born with EC, defects of the sternum and a supra-umbilical abdominal wall, but without the presence of Cantrell's syndrome. Necropsy and histopathological findings indicated the affected kid had malformation of the heart with an enlarged left ventricle. The findings showed the heart (9 x 5 x 5 cm) stayed outside the thorax, and was covered by a semitransparent membrane. This report is the first to describe a case of thoracic EC in a goat whose sternum was not developed fully and was not connected to the ribs. It is also the first paper to describe three-dimensional images of this condition constructed from computed tomography scans.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease occurring in 10% of the canine population. Although most studies have focused on the pathophysiological mechanism involved in CAD, the detrimental impact of CAD on quality of life has received only little attention. Hair cortisol analysis is becoming a valuable tool in monitoring chronic stress. To further validate this approach in CAD, we compared the hair cortisol concentration of atopic dogs with that of healthy conditioned dogs. The extent and severity of cutaneous lesions of atopic dermatitis were assessed according to modified CADESI-03 scores. In addition, skin barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum conductance. The correlation between CAD severity and hair cortisol concentration was evaluated. The level of hair cortisol evaluated by ELISA assay showed that the atopic dermatitis group had significantly increased cortisol levels compared to that of the healthy control group. A significant positive correlation was identified between hair cortisol level and the CADESI score in CAD patients. The TEWL value of the cubital flexor of the forelimb in the atopic group was significantly higher compared to the healthy controls. These findings imply that the hair cortisol analysis can be an effective and objective biomarker in assessment of long-term stress of CAD patients.