Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00002.1
K. Melstrom, Zackery P. Wistort
Abstract: Quantifying morphology has become increasingly popular with the advent of widely available high-powered computing. Orientation patch count rotated (OPCR) is an important measurement of dental surface complexity and has been shown to relate to diet, with carnivores possessing simple teeth and herbivores exhibiting complex dentitions. This method, however, has primarily been applied to mammals with comparatively little research focusing on dentigerous reptiles. Three methods are currently used to measure dental complexity (Surfer Manipulator, molaR, and MorphoTester), and the comparability of these methods remains untested in saurian datasets. Here, we test for differences among the three dental complexity methods using a dataset comprising lepidosaur and crocodylian teeth. Additionally, we seek to test the hypothesis that phenotypic dental complexity is related to dietary ecology using the molaR and MorphoTester OPCR methods. We find that Surfer Manipulator and 3D-OPCR methods (molaR and MorphoTester) generate different complexities, with molaR and MorphoTester consistently producing higher complexity values. The relationship between diet and dental complexity was recovered using molaR and MorphoTester, with carnivores possessing simple teeth and herbivores exhibiting significantly more-complex teeth, but this trend was not as distinct as when using Surfer Manipulator. Dental complexities were highly dependent on model preparation, in particular the triangle count of each 3D model, with surfaces that possess a greater number of faces exhibiting higher complexities. We present a series of recommendations that will help guide future studies of nonmammalian dentitions. Ultimately, 3D-OPCR methods are a fruitful area of research and represent a relatively untapped avenue of quantitative herpetology.
{"title":"The Application of Dental Complexity Metrics on Extant Saurians","authors":"K. Melstrom, Zackery P. Wistort","doi":"10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00002.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Quantifying morphology has become increasingly popular with the advent of widely available high-powered computing. Orientation patch count rotated (OPCR) is an important measurement of dental surface complexity and has been shown to relate to diet, with carnivores possessing simple teeth and herbivores exhibiting complex dentitions. This method, however, has primarily been applied to mammals with comparatively little research focusing on dentigerous reptiles. Three methods are currently used to measure dental complexity (Surfer Manipulator, molaR, and MorphoTester), and the comparability of these methods remains untested in saurian datasets. Here, we test for differences among the three dental complexity methods using a dataset comprising lepidosaur and crocodylian teeth. Additionally, we seek to test the hypothesis that phenotypic dental complexity is related to dietary ecology using the molaR and MorphoTester OPCR methods. We find that Surfer Manipulator and 3D-OPCR methods (molaR and MorphoTester) generate different complexities, with molaR and MorphoTester consistently producing higher complexity values. The relationship between diet and dental complexity was recovered using molaR and MorphoTester, with carnivores possessing simple teeth and herbivores exhibiting significantly more-complex teeth, but this trend was not as distinct as when using Surfer Manipulator. Dental complexities were highly dependent on model preparation, in particular the triangle count of each 3D model, with surfaces that possess a greater number of faces exhibiting higher complexities. We present a series of recommendations that will help guide future studies of nonmammalian dentitions. Ultimately, 3D-OPCR methods are a fruitful area of research and represent a relatively untapped avenue of quantitative herpetology.","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00017.1
A. Rosenblatt, Keely Lardizabal, Fernando M. Li, Ashley Holland, D. Lawrence, P. Taylor
Abstract: Wildlife tourism, including tourism involving large predators, is a rapidly growing industry that can generate many conservation and economic benefits. Monetary values can be derived for populations of large predators, and even individuals, on the basis of how much money tourists spend to see and interact with these awe-inspiring animals, but valuation studies only exist for a few groups of species. To help fill this gap we quantified the monetary value of crocodilians that are the focus of a wildlife tourism business in South America, the first time such a value has been calculated for crocodilians. We also compared the monetary values we derived with the monetary values of other crocodilians harvested in the hunting and farming industries during the same time period (2009–2014). We found mean minimum and maximum gross values of individual crocodilians per year as part of wildlife tourism were $422.00 USD and $566.67 USD, respectively, both higher than the mean gross value of individual crocodilians per year across hunting and farming industries ($300.29 USD). Individual crocodilians that were recaptured multiple times as part of wildlife tourism activities reached a peak value of $2700.00 USD. Thus, our study demonstrates that wildlife tourism can create substantial monetary incentives for local communities that coexist with crocodilians to work toward conservation goals. We conclude that wildlife tourism focused on crocodilians should be viewed as part of a larger strategy for conserving threatened populations, one that may include partners in the farming and hunting industries as well.
{"title":"Tourism Value of Crocodilians: The Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) as a Case Study","authors":"A. Rosenblatt, Keely Lardizabal, Fernando M. Li, Ashley Holland, D. Lawrence, P. Taylor","doi":"10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00017.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Wildlife tourism, including tourism involving large predators, is a rapidly growing industry that can generate many conservation and economic benefits. Monetary values can be derived for populations of large predators, and even individuals, on the basis of how much money tourists spend to see and interact with these awe-inspiring animals, but valuation studies only exist for a few groups of species. To help fill this gap we quantified the monetary value of crocodilians that are the focus of a wildlife tourism business in South America, the first time such a value has been calculated for crocodilians. We also compared the monetary values we derived with the monetary values of other crocodilians harvested in the hunting and farming industries during the same time period (2009–2014). We found mean minimum and maximum gross values of individual crocodilians per year as part of wildlife tourism were $422.00 USD and $566.67 USD, respectively, both higher than the mean gross value of individual crocodilians per year across hunting and farming industries ($300.29 USD). Individual crocodilians that were recaptured multiple times as part of wildlife tourism activities reached a peak value of $2700.00 USD. Thus, our study demonstrates that wildlife tourism can create substantial monetary incentives for local communities that coexist with crocodilians to work toward conservation goals. We conclude that wildlife tourism focused on crocodilians should be viewed as part of a larger strategy for conserving threatened populations, one that may include partners in the farming and hunting industries as well.","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.336
{"title":"2021 Winners of the Herpetologists' League Awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41514089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.473
{"title":"2021 Winners of the Herpetologists' League Awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46888385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.338
{"title":"The Herpetologists' League Graduate Research Award Call for Competitors","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.339
{"title":"Herpetologists' League Award for Distinguished Service to Herpetology Announcement and Call for Nominations","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42350691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.341
{"title":"Call for Symposium Proposals for the 2022 Herpetologists' League Meeting","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.4.341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.476
{"title":"Jones-Lovich Grant in Southwestern Herpetology Call for Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1655/0018-0831-70.4.476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.273
The Herpetologists’ League is pleased to recognize the following student members for their winning research proposals in the 2021 E.E. Williams Research Grant competition. Behavior.—Anna Tipton, Georgia College and State University, ‘‘An integrated approach for evaluating the effects of landscape features on spatial strategies and activity patterns in snakes: Case study with timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) and roadways.’’ Conservation.—Erin Allison, West Liberty University, ‘‘Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation messaging strategies in increasing positive human perceptions of rattlesnakes.’’ Ecology.—Grascen Shidemantle, Binghamton University, ‘‘Impact of light at night on larval amphibian pigmentation and predator-prey interactions.’’ Evolution & Diversity.—Valeria Ramı́rez-Castañeda, University of California, Berkeley, ‘‘Multiple toxin-resistance mechanisms in response to complex chemical defenses.’’ Physiology & Functional Morphology.—Helen Plylar, Utah State University, ‘‘Neural crest involvement in peripheral growth of the trigeminal nerve and development of the pit organs in Antaresia childreni.’’
{"title":"Awardees of the 2021 E.E. Williams Research Grants","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.273","url":null,"abstract":"The Herpetologists’ League is pleased to recognize the following student members for their winning research proposals in the 2021 E.E. Williams Research Grant competition. Behavior.—Anna Tipton, Georgia College and State University, ‘‘An integrated approach for evaluating the effects of landscape features on spatial strategies and activity patterns in snakes: Case study with timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) and roadways.’’ Conservation.—Erin Allison, West Liberty University, ‘‘Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation messaging strategies in increasing positive human perceptions of rattlesnakes.’’ Ecology.—Grascen Shidemantle, Binghamton University, ‘‘Impact of light at night on larval amphibian pigmentation and predator-prey interactions.’’ Evolution & Diversity.—Valeria Ramı́rez-Castañeda, University of California, Berkeley, ‘‘Multiple toxin-resistance mechanisms in response to complex chemical defenses.’’ Physiology & Functional Morphology.—Helen Plylar, Utah State University, ‘‘Neural crest involvement in peripheral growth of the trigeminal nerve and development of the pit organs in Antaresia childreni.’’","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.275
{"title":"E.E. Williams Research Grant Call for Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-77.3.275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56312,"journal":{"name":"Herpetologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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