Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07357-3
Carlo V Bellieni, Ivana LA Gioia, Irene Calcagna, Alessandra Cartocci, Lorenzo DE Stefano, Ernesto Iadanza
Background: Ankyloglossia is an anatomical variation of the lingual frenulum that negatively interferes with the functionality of the tongue. This condition can affect breastfeeding negatively. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of ankyloglossia among healthy babies born in Siena Hospital and the correlation between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties.
Methods: We performed an observational prospective study conducted on healthy and breastfed newborns born in Siena Hospital in the period between January and June 2022. The evaluation of lingual frenulum in the first few days of life was performed by Martinelli's Lingual Frenulum Protocol with scores for Infants (MLFPI), while the clinical assessment of breastfeeding initiation was performed by the Breastfeeding Observation and Evaluation Form according to WHO-UNICEF guidelines. We also compared the reliability in predicting breastfeeding of a tool that measured the features of the tongue frenulum: the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTT). Breastfeeding at one and six months of babies' age was assessed by telephone interview, and information among children's nutrition, weight growth and difficulties found in breastfeeding was also collected. This study was approved by the Pediatric Ethics Committee for Clinical Trials of the Tuscany Region.
Results: One hundred and ninety infants were included in the study; 21 (11.05%) had a MLFPI score ≥13. Data at one month of age showed a statistically higher MLFPI score (P value <0.001) in babies with breastfeeding difficulties (median score 13.0, IQR 5.5-14), than in those without (median score 5.0, IQR 2.0-7.5). Data at 6 months of age showed a similar difference in babies with and without breastfeeding difficulties (median 12.0, IQR 4.0-14.0 vs. 5.0, IQR 2.0-8.0 respectively). A MLFPI score ≥13 is positively associated with breastfeeding difficulties at 1 and 6 months. Also, the BTT was positively a risk factor for problems in breastfeeding at 1 and 6 months.
Conclusions: A high MLFPI score is a risk factor of breastfeeding difficulties. In these cases, a referral to experienced personnel is advisable: they can provide the emotional and professional support to the mother-child dyad, and/or refer for surgical evaluation and frenotomy. In our cohort, the usefulness of either MLFPI score or BTT was evident in predicting breastfeeding difficulties; the rate of surgical removal of the frenulum was nonetheless low.
{"title":"Ankyloglossia in newborns: incidence and breastfeeding follow-up at 1 and 6 months.","authors":"Carlo V Bellieni, Ivana LA Gioia, Irene Calcagna, Alessandra Cartocci, Lorenzo DE Stefano, Ernesto Iadanza","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07357-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07357-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankyloglossia is an anatomical variation of the lingual frenulum that negatively interferes with the functionality of the tongue. This condition can affect breastfeeding negatively. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of ankyloglossia among healthy babies born in Siena Hospital and the correlation between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an observational prospective study conducted on healthy and breastfed newborns born in Siena Hospital in the period between January and June 2022. The evaluation of lingual frenulum in the first few days of life was performed by Martinelli's Lingual Frenulum Protocol with scores for Infants (MLFPI), while the clinical assessment of breastfeeding initiation was performed by the Breastfeeding Observation and Evaluation Form according to WHO-UNICEF guidelines. We also compared the reliability in predicting breastfeeding of a tool that measured the features of the tongue frenulum: the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTT). Breastfeeding at one and six months of babies' age was assessed by telephone interview, and information among children's nutrition, weight growth and difficulties found in breastfeeding was also collected. This study was approved by the Pediatric Ethics Committee for Clinical Trials of the Tuscany Region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ninety infants were included in the study; 21 (11.05%) had a MLFPI score ≥13. Data at one month of age showed a statistically higher MLFPI score (P value <0.001) in babies with breastfeeding difficulties (median score 13.0, IQR 5.5-14), than in those without (median score 5.0, IQR 2.0-7.5). Data at 6 months of age showed a similar difference in babies with and without breastfeeding difficulties (median 12.0, IQR 4.0-14.0 vs. 5.0, IQR 2.0-8.0 respectively). A MLFPI score ≥13 is positively associated with breastfeeding difficulties at 1 and 6 months. Also, the BTT was positively a risk factor for problems in breastfeeding at 1 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high MLFPI score is a risk factor of breastfeeding difficulties. In these cases, a referral to experienced personnel is advisable: they can provide the emotional and professional support to the mother-child dyad, and/or refer for surgical evaluation and frenotomy. In our cohort, the usefulness of either MLFPI score or BTT was evident in predicting breastfeeding difficulties; the rate of surgical removal of the frenulum was nonetheless low.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.24.07374-9
Antonella Guido, Paolo E Santoro, Domenica A DE Cata, Laura Peruzzi, Daniela P Chieffo, Maria R Gualano, Maria F Rossi, Umberto Moscato, Antonio Ruggiero
Background: According to scientific literature, burnout can be described as a multidimensional syndrome with three fundamental dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Every day, clown-doctors, play therapists, teachers and volunteers, such as ceramic art therapists, work in pediatric cancer wards to improve the quality of life of hospitalized children and activate positive resources during their therapeutic journey.
Methods: This study investigated burnout levels and the relationship between work-related stress and resilience in a total of 36 operators (clown-doctors, in-hospital teachers, play therapists, and ceramic art therapists), working at the Unit of Pediatric Oncology of IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation in Rome, Italy. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires to evaluate burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale).
Results: The results of this study show that these workers are exposed to work-related stress and that the burnout levels are not homogeneous across the various groups considered. The results also show the need to provide non-health hospital workers with a psychological support service or ensure the presence of a mental health professional to help them avoid the risk of burnout.
Conclusions: The heavy emotional burden endured by these operators makes them vulnerable and exposes them to burnout.
背景:根据科学文献,职业倦怠可以被描述为一种多维综合症,它有三个基本维度:情感衰竭、人格解体和个人成就感降低。每天,小丑医生、游戏治疗师、教师和志愿者(如陶瓷艺术治疗师)在儿科癌症病房工作,以提高住院儿童的生活质量,并在他们的治疗过程中激活积极资源:本研究调查了在意大利罗马 IRCCS A. Gemelli 大学综合医院基金会儿科肿瘤科工作的 36 名操作人员(小丑医生、院内教师、游戏治疗师和陶瓷艺术治疗师)的职业倦怠水平以及工作相关压力与复原力之间的关系。所有参与者都填写了一系列问卷,以评估职业倦怠(马斯拉奇职业倦怠量表)和复原力(康纳-戴维森复原力量表):研究结果表明,这些工人面临着与工作有关的压力,而且不同群体的职业倦怠程度也不尽相同。研究结果还表明,有必要为非保健医院工作人员提供心理支持服务,或确保有心理健康专业人员在场,以帮助他们避免职业倦怠风险:结论:这些操作人员承受着沉重的精神负担,这使他们很容易受到伤害,并面临职业倦怠的风险。
{"title":"Prevalence of burnout and psycho-emotional disorders among non-health workers: a single tertiary care pediatric oncology center experience.","authors":"Antonella Guido, Paolo E Santoro, Domenica A DE Cata, Laura Peruzzi, Daniela P Chieffo, Maria R Gualano, Maria F Rossi, Umberto Moscato, Antonio Ruggiero","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.24.07374-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.24.07374-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to scientific literature, burnout can be described as a multidimensional syndrome with three fundamental dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Every day, clown-doctors, play therapists, teachers and volunteers, such as ceramic art therapists, work in pediatric cancer wards to improve the quality of life of hospitalized children and activate positive resources during their therapeutic journey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated burnout levels and the relationship between work-related stress and resilience in a total of 36 operators (clown-doctors, in-hospital teachers, play therapists, and ceramic art therapists), working at the Unit of Pediatric Oncology of IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation in Rome, Italy. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires to evaluate burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study show that these workers are exposed to work-related stress and that the burnout levels are not homogeneous across the various groups considered. The results also show the need to provide non-health hospital workers with a psychological support service or ensure the presence of a mental health professional to help them avoid the risk of burnout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The heavy emotional burden endured by these operators makes them vulnerable and exposes them to burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07377-9
Alessia Aiello, Marta Bertamino, Alessio Pini Prato, Maria G Calevo, Paolo Moretti, Girolamo Mattioli
Background: Pediatric continence dysfunction is not uncommon. It causes long-term disability, impairing quality of life, activities and relationships with pears and can affect until adulthood. A high-risk population are children with Hirschsprung's disease and congenital anorectal malformation. Conservative medical and surgical management of continence dysfunction in this population is deeply described, while the rehabilitation issues are still unexplored. Aim of this study is to preliminary verify the feasibility, tolerance and effectiveness of an intensive technological aided and individualized pelvic floor rehabilitation program for pediatric patients.
Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective observational study. The assessment was performed by collecting demographic data, general and local physical examination and scoring assessment tools (Rintala Continence Score and Wexner Score). The study was conducted in the Rehabilitation Unit of the pediatric Giannina Gaslini Institute, a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Genoa (Italy) between September 2015 to August 2019. We enrolled 31 children; 25 male (80.6%) and six females (19%), aged between 5 and 14 years (mean age 9 years) at the beginning of the training. Twenty children (65.5%) had Hirschsprung's disease, and 11 children (34.5%) had a congenital anorectal malformation. The rehabilitation training program was customized on the compromised function, the anatomic characteristics, the child's age and compliance. The training was aimed at improving tone, strength, endurance of the pelvic floor, compliance and rectal sensitivity, and also the frequency of the bowel movements. All patients enrolled in the study underwent an intensive outpatient treatment lasted 5 days for children older than 7 years; 10 days for younger. The intensive rehabilitation treatment was followed by a continuous home training program.
Results: Twenty-nine children (96.8%) completed the training. A global improvement is observed in continence functioning in all the cohort at T1 (P<0.0001), maintained at T3 (P<0.0001) at both Rintala Continence Score and Wexner Score. No adverse effects have been referred.
Conclusions: Our specific pediatric training program for pelvic floor rehabilitation is effective and safe for children with continence dysfunctions after pelvic surgery due to Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformations. The continence rehabilitation multimodal program should be integrated in the care of children with continence dysfunctions. It cooperates in the prevention of the long-term health global impairment and also in the reduction of social economic effort.
{"title":"Pediatric intensive bowel continence rehabilitation training: a retrospective study to evaluate feasibility, tolerance and effectiveness.","authors":"Alessia Aiello, Marta Bertamino, Alessio Pini Prato, Maria G Calevo, Paolo Moretti, Girolamo Mattioli","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07377-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07377-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric continence dysfunction is not uncommon. It causes long-term disability, impairing quality of life, activities and relationships with pears and can affect until adulthood. A high-risk population are children with Hirschsprung's disease and congenital anorectal malformation. Conservative medical and surgical management of continence dysfunction in this population is deeply described, while the rehabilitation issues are still unexplored. Aim of this study is to preliminary verify the feasibility, tolerance and effectiveness of an intensive technological aided and individualized pelvic floor rehabilitation program for pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, retrospective observational study. The assessment was performed by collecting demographic data, general and local physical examination and scoring assessment tools (Rintala Continence Score and Wexner Score). The study was conducted in the Rehabilitation Unit of the pediatric Giannina Gaslini Institute, a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Genoa (Italy) between September 2015 to August 2019. We enrolled 31 children; 25 male (80.6%) and six females (19%), aged between 5 and 14 years (mean age 9 years) at the beginning of the training. Twenty children (65.5%) had Hirschsprung's disease, and 11 children (34.5%) had a congenital anorectal malformation. The rehabilitation training program was customized on the compromised function, the anatomic characteristics, the child's age and compliance. The training was aimed at improving tone, strength, endurance of the pelvic floor, compliance and rectal sensitivity, and also the frequency of the bowel movements. All patients enrolled in the study underwent an intensive outpatient treatment lasted 5 days for children older than 7 years; 10 days for younger. The intensive rehabilitation treatment was followed by a continuous home training program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine children (96.8%) completed the training. A global improvement is observed in continence functioning in all the cohort at T1 (P<0.0001), maintained at T3 (P<0.0001) at both Rintala Continence Score and Wexner Score. No adverse effects have been referred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our specific pediatric training program for pelvic floor rehabilitation is effective and safe for children with continence dysfunctions after pelvic surgery due to Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformations. The continence rehabilitation multimodal program should be integrated in the care of children with continence dysfunctions. It cooperates in the prevention of the long-term health global impairment and also in the reduction of social economic effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07411-6
Francesca Barilli, Cecilia Basile, Giuseppe DE Bernardo, Francesca Morlino, Giulia Manganelli, Maurizio Giordano, Petrina Bastrenta, Gian V Zuccotti, Gianluca Lista
Background: Proper umbilical cord stump care during the first days of life (both in hospital and at home) should not be overlooked to prevent possible complications (e.g., purulent discharge, granulomas, or periumbilical erythema or omphalitis). Despite the known benefits of its correct execution, the care of umbilical cord stump remains controversial, and many different approaches are described. The World Health Organization suggests the use of dry cord stump care (easy and economic technique) in developed countries, but in many cases in the real life various topical antiseptics are used in combination with dry cord stump. The extracts of Arnica Montana (AM) have been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activities, very useful in the management of cord stump in full term infants.
Methods: In our study we evaluated the efficacy of a powder containing AM (study group- GrA) versus dry cord stump (control group-GrB) in a population of healthy newborn >35 weeks of gestational age (GA).
Results: Three hundred twenty-six neonates (mean GA 39±1 in both groups and body weight 3200 g and 3400±448 g respectively in GrA and GrB) were enrolled in two standard neonatal care units (163 neonates in GrA and 163 in GrB). At T1 (48 hours after discharge) GrA showed significantly reduced incidence of mild complications in toto, in particular a lower rate of wet umbilical cord stump). No differences between the two groups at T2 (1 week after discharge).
Conclusions: The use of a natural topical dermo-protective powder containing AM reduces the risk of minor complications, both nurse and parental workload in the first days after discharge, but does not have an impact on cord detachment and other complications in neonates >35 weeks GA.
背景:生命最初几天(无论是在医院还是在家中)的脐带残端正确护理不容忽视,以防止可能出现的并发症(如脓性分泌物、肉芽肿、脐周红斑或脐炎)。尽管众所周知正确处理脐带残端有很多好处,但护理脐带残端仍存在争议,有很多不同的方法。世界卫生组织建议发达国家使用干性脐带残端护理(简单经济的技术),但在现实生活中,很多情况下各种外用杀菌剂与干性脐带残端结合使用。据报道,山金车(AM)提取物具有抗菌、消炎、抗真菌和免疫调节活性,对足月儿脐带残端护理非常有用:在这项研究中,我们在胎龄大于 35 周的健康新生儿中评估了含有 AM 的粉末(研究组-GrA)与干燥脐带残端(对照组-GrB)的疗效:两个标准新生儿护理病房共接收了 326 名新生儿(两组的平均胎龄均为 39±1,体重分别为 3200 g 和 3400±448 g)(GrA 组和 GrB 组各 163 名新生儿)。在 T1(出院后 48 小时),GrA 组轻度并发症的发生率明显降低,尤其是脐带残端湿润的发生率较低)。两组在 T2(出院后 1 周)时无差异:结论:使用含有AM成分的天然外用皮肤保护粉可降低轻微并发症的风险,减轻出院后最初几天护士和家长的工作量,但对胎龄大于35周的新生儿的脐带脱落和其他并发症没有影响。
{"title":"Umbilical cord stump medication with a topical dermo protective powder compared to dry care in healthy full-term and near-term newborns: a two-center prospective cohort study.","authors":"Francesca Barilli, Cecilia Basile, Giuseppe DE Bernardo, Francesca Morlino, Giulia Manganelli, Maurizio Giordano, Petrina Bastrenta, Gian V Zuccotti, Gianluca Lista","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07411-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07411-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proper umbilical cord stump care during the first days of life (both in hospital and at home) should not be overlooked to prevent possible complications (e.g., purulent discharge, granulomas, or periumbilical erythema or omphalitis). Despite the known benefits of its correct execution, the care of umbilical cord stump remains controversial, and many different approaches are described. The World Health Organization suggests the use of dry cord stump care (easy and economic technique) in developed countries, but in many cases in the real life various topical antiseptics are used in combination with dry cord stump. The extracts of Arnica Montana (AM) have been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activities, very useful in the management of cord stump in full term infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study we evaluated the efficacy of a powder containing AM (study group- GrA) versus dry cord stump (control group-GrB) in a population of healthy newborn >35 weeks of gestational age (GA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred twenty-six neonates (mean GA 39±1 in both groups and body weight 3200 g and 3400±448 g respectively in GrA and GrB) were enrolled in two standard neonatal care units (163 neonates in GrA and 163 in GrB). At T1 (48 hours after discharge) GrA showed significantly reduced incidence of mild complications in toto, in particular a lower rate of wet umbilical cord stump). No differences between the two groups at T2 (1 week after discharge).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a natural topical dermo-protective powder containing AM reduces the risk of minor complications, both nurse and parental workload in the first days after discharge, but does not have an impact on cord detachment and other complications in neonates >35 weeks GA.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-07-10DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07355-X
Xin Qian, Yuduo Zhao
{"title":"Assessment of the therapeutic effect of probiotics combined with intermittent blue light irradiation on pathological jaundice in neonates.","authors":"Xin Qian, Yuduo Zhao","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07355-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07355-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2021-04-19DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.21.06371-0
Anna Opramolla, Andrea Gazzin, Fabio Cisarò, Michele Pinon, Pierluigi Calvo, Caterina Rigazio
Bowel ultrasound (US) is a low-cost, non-invasive, bed side practice and a reproducible procedure that represents a high yield tool in clinical practice and in the diagnostic workup of a consistent group of acute and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease. Moreover, in case of GI diseases of neonatal and pediatric age, it allows an easier evaluation due to the small body size and scarce presence of fat tissue in the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity and gas content. No particular preparation of the patient is needed, nevertheless a 3- to 5-hour fasting state improves the quality of the examination. The exam focuses on wall thickness and stratification, lumen content, distensibility and compressibility, presence of peristalsis of explorable segment of the GI tract and includes the investigation of mesentery, perivisceral tissues and nodes features. Color doppler flowmetry admits a qualitative evaluation of GI wall and mesentery vascularization. Healthy GI wall appears at a US evaluation as a multilayered structure in which hyperechoic and hypoechoic layers alternate sequentially. In this article we provide a quickly available overview on findings, signs and applications of US in major GI pediatric diseases.
肠道超声(US)是一种低成本、无创伤、床边操作、可重复的检查方法,在临床实践中是一种高收益的工具,可用于诊断各类急慢性胃肠道疾病。此外,对于新生儿和儿童时期的消化道疾病,由于体型较小,腹壁和腹腔内脂肪组织及气体含量较少,因此更容易进行评估。患者无需做特殊准备,但禁食 3 至 5 小时可提高检查质量。检查的重点是腹壁厚度和分层、管腔内容物、膨胀性和可压缩性、消化道可探查段是否有蠕动,还包括肠系膜、膀胱周围组织和结节特征的检查。彩色多普勒血流测量可对消化道壁和肠系膜血管进行定性评估。健康的消化道壁在 US 评估中表现为多层结构,其中高回声层和低回声层依次交替出现。在这篇文章中,我们将快速概述主要消化道儿科疾病的超声检查结果、体征和应用。
{"title":"Intestinal ultrasonography in pediatric population.","authors":"Anna Opramolla, Andrea Gazzin, Fabio Cisarò, Michele Pinon, Pierluigi Calvo, Caterina Rigazio","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.21.06371-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.21.06371-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bowel ultrasound (US) is a low-cost, non-invasive, bed side practice and a reproducible procedure that represents a high yield tool in clinical practice and in the diagnostic workup of a consistent group of acute and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease. Moreover, in case of GI diseases of neonatal and pediatric age, it allows an easier evaluation due to the small body size and scarce presence of fat tissue in the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity and gas content. No particular preparation of the patient is needed, nevertheless a 3- to 5-hour fasting state improves the quality of the examination. The exam focuses on wall thickness and stratification, lumen content, distensibility and compressibility, presence of peristalsis of explorable segment of the GI tract and includes the investigation of mesentery, perivisceral tissues and nodes features. Color doppler flowmetry admits a qualitative evaluation of GI wall and mesentery vascularization. Healthy GI wall appears at a US evaluation as a multilayered structure in which hyperechoic and hypoechoic layers alternate sequentially. In this article we provide a quickly available overview on findings, signs and applications of US in major GI pediatric diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38892812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-05-31DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07280-4
Jianxin Guo, Chunlei Li, Lifang Wang
{"title":"The value of different doses of statins in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Jianxin Guo, Chunlei Li, Lifang Wang","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07280-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07280-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9546349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-07-10DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07131-8
Timothy D Becker
E-cigarette use (also known as "vaping") has become increasingly popular among adolescents over the past decade and grown into a significant public health concern in North America, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Concerns about this new trend have generated numerous new research studies. This aim of this study was to summarize recent scientific findings, with a focus on their relevance to clinicians working with adolescents. The first half covers epidemiology, risk factors for e-cigarette use, characteristics of e-cigarette use, youth perceptions of e-cigarettes, physical health risks of e-cigarettes, evidence for "gateway effects" of e-cigarette exposure on subsequent substance use, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and mental health. The review concludes with a clinical focus on assessment of youth who vape, psychoeducation for youth and families, clinical management of vaping, and regulatory considerations.
{"title":"A clinical overview of adolescent e-cigarette use (vaping).","authors":"Timothy D Becker","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07131-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07131-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E-cigarette use (also known as \"vaping\") has become increasingly popular among adolescents over the past decade and grown into a significant public health concern in North America, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Concerns about this new trend have generated numerous new research studies. This aim of this study was to summarize recent scientific findings, with a focus on their relevance to clinicians working with adolescents. The first half covers epidemiology, risk factors for e-cigarette use, characteristics of e-cigarette use, youth perceptions of e-cigarettes, physical health risks of e-cigarettes, evidence for \"gateway effects\" of e-cigarette exposure on subsequent substance use, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and mental health. The review concludes with a clinical focus on assessment of youth who vape, psychoeducation for youth and families, clinical management of vaping, and regulatory considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-06-07DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07296-8
Yue Qian, Hanping Shi, Bin Li
{"title":"Clinical analysis of medical treatment of elderly patients with severe heart failure.","authors":"Yue Qian, Hanping Shi, Bin Li","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07296-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07296-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56337,"journal":{"name":"Minerva Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9586720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}