Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Converting the Instrumented Indentation Diagrams of a Ball Indenter into the Stress–Strain Curves for Metallic Structural Materials","authors":"V. M. Matyunin, A. Yu. Marchenkov, P. V. Volkov, M. A. Karimbekov, D. A. Zhgut, M. P. Petrova, N. O. Veremeeva","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523150116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523150116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The available approaches to converting indentation diagrams into stress–strain curves are reviewed. It is noted that most studies on converting the instrumented indentation diagrams of a ball indenter into the stress–strain curves have been carried out within the uniform deformation limits using various computational and experimental approaches, including the finite element method and neural networks. In the authors’ opinion, however, it is reasonable to perform the conversion of one diagram to another using the established relationship between indentation and tension deformations. This makes it possible not only to perform the conversion with a higher accuracy but also to evaluate the mechanical properties under tension from the indentation characteristics. The formulas most frequently used to determine plastic deformation contain a relative indentation diameter as the main parameter. Meanwhile, at the same relative indentation diameter and a constant ratio between the average contact pressure (Meyer hardness) and the true tensile stress, the indentation and tensile strain values can be significantly different owing to different strain hardening abilities of materials. The authors have established a relationship between the true elastoplastic deformation in the tensile tests and the relative depth of an unrecovered indentation obtained with a ball indenter with allowance for the strain hardening parameter determined from the instrumented indentation diagram. On the basis of the established relationship, a technique for converting the instrumented indentation diagram into a stress–strain curve in the uniform deformation region with the determination of the yield strength, tensile strength, and ultimate uniform tension has been developed. The technique has been verified by testing steels and aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys with strongly different Young’s moduli, strength characteristics, plasticity, and strain hardening.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Analysis of CsPbBr2X (X = Cl, I) Nanocomposites by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF)","authors":"D. G. Filatova, A. S. Chizhov, M. N. Rumyantseva","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140054","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An approach to TXRF determination of the composition of perovskite nanocomposites of the putative compositions CsPbBr₂Cl and CsPbBr₂I is proposed. Sample preparation consists in the treatment of hydrophobic samples with dimethylformamide (DMFA) and the subsequent dilution of the obtained solutions with water. When using a copper solution as an internal standard, the reproducibility of the results of TXRF determination of the elements is attained with <i>S</i>_<i>r</i> no more than 0.05. The validity of the determination of Cs, Pb, Br, and I is confirmed by the results of their determination by ICP-MS in solutions after processing samples in DMFA followed by dilution with 2% HNO₃ for Cs, Pb, and Br or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) for Cs, Pb, Br, and I, whereas the determination of chlorides is confirmed by the method of direct potentiometry in diluted solutions. It is shown that lead does not form insoluble chlorides in the TMAH solution and does not interfere with the determination. The effect of bromides on the determination of chlorides is characterized by a potentiometric coefficient of 10^–3. The results obtained provide the determination of the stoichiometry of the synthesized compounds CsPbBr₂Cl and CsPbBr_2.7I_0.3.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ICP-AES Method for Analysis of Iron Ore Raw Materials","authors":"I. I. Chernikova, A. A. Potokina, O. V. Farafonova, T. N. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140042","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A method for the determination of Fe_tot, SiO₂, P, V₂O₅, TiO₂, Cr₂O₃, Ni, Cu, and Zn in iron ore raw materials (i.e., pellets, iron ore agglomerate, aspiration dust and slag component of scrap) by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) has been developed using microwave sample preparation in analytical autoclaves. The composition of the acid mixture for the complete dissolution of the sample component was proposed, and the parameters of microwave decomposition, excluding the depressurization of the autoclave and the loss of sample elements which form volatile compounds, were selected. The developed method of microwave sample preparation in closed autoclaves made it possible to decompose iron ore samples using the minimum amount of acid (17 cm³) in 45 min. Conditions for the determination of normalized elements in iron ore samples by the ICP-AES method after microwave sample preparation were determined: the operating parameters of the spectrometer were optimized, the analytical lines of each determined element free from spectral overlaps were selected, and the efficiency of using cadmium as an internal standard was experimentally proved. The equations for calibration dependences and the ranges of determinable contents are presented. When using cadmium as an internal standard in the analysis of iron ore, a decrease in the value of the standard deviation from 0.17 to 0.04 is observed when determining Cr₂O₃; from 0.02 to 0.004 when determining Fe; from 0.03 to 0.002 when determining SiO₂; from 0.015 to 0.008 when determining TiO₂; and from 0.17 to 0.02 when determining V₂O₅. The correctness of the determination of the standardized elements by the developed method is evaluated using certified reference samples (CRS) similar in composition to the analyzed material. The results of determining the standardized elements according to the developed methodology were compared with the data obtained using GOST-approved methods of analysis and then checked in accordance with the recommendations of RMG 76-2014. The developed ICP-AES technique is characterized by a wider linear range of the determined concentrations than that in GOST-approved techniques, thus providing determination of the components in iron ore raw materials that could not be controlled before.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Methylphosphonic Acid and Alkyl Methylphosphonic Acid Esters in Soils by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry","authors":"M. F. Vokuev, A. V. Braun, T. M. Baygildiev, I. V. Rybalchenko, I. A. Rodin","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140157","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A method has been optimized for simultaneous extraction of ethyl methylphosphonic acid ester (EMPA), isopropyl methylphosphonic acid ester (IPMPA), isobutyl methylphosphonic acid ester (IBMPA), pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid ester (PMPA), and methylphosphonic acid (MPA), which are highly polar products of nerve agent hydrolysis, from soil with their further determination by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS/MS). The ions observed in the fragmentation mass spectra of deprotonated EMPA, IPMPA, IBMPA, PMPA, and MPA molecules and their deuterated analogs (d3-EMPA, d3-IPMPA, d3-IBMPA, d3-PMPA, and d3-MPA), as well as possible structural formulas of the fragment ions, are presented. Liquid extraction with deionized water followed by concentration by evaporation was used to prepare soil samples for analysis. The components were separated using reverse-phase chromatography. The time required for the sample preparation and analysis of the soil samples was no more than 1 h. The detection limits in soil were 0.05 ng/g for EMPA and IPMPA, 0.02 ng/g for IBMPA and PMPA, and 1 ng/g for MPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Total Content of Similar Substances Using Integrated Indices or Multivariate Calibrations at a High Intragroup Selectivity of Signals","authors":"V. I. Vershinin, A. E. Abramova","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140145","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The total content <i>c</i>_Σ of similar organic compounds is conventionally determined without their separation by measuring their generalized spectral signals at one or several analytical wavelengths. The possibility of the correct <i>c</i>_Σ estimation with the strongly pronounced intragroup selectivity of signals has not been previously tested. To verify this group analysis option, model hexane solutions of the known composition containing mono-, bi-, and tricyclic arenes at <i>c</i>_Σ ~ 10^–4 mol/dm³ simultaneously have been analyzed. At a fixed wavelength, the molar absorptivities of arenes with different numbers of rings differ by two to three orders of magnitude. Two options of group analysis have been compared: (i) measuring the generalized signal of arenes at 260 nm with the subsequent calculation of the result using the univariate calibration in terms of naphthalene or anthracene and (ii) measuring the generalized signals at <i>m</i> wavelengths in the spectral range of 250–290 nm with the subsequent calculation of the result using the inverted multivariate calibration. The first method (the calculation of the total index) has led to large systematic errors, sometimes over 100% in the absolute value, which do not decrease upon variation in the wavelength and nature of a standard substance. The second method has ensured more correct results, and already at <i>m</i> = 11, the errors of group analysis have been no more than 10%. Thus, at the strongly pronounced intragroup selectivity of the signals, the group analysis can and should be carried out using inverted multivariate calibrations. It has been established that the errors of <i>c</i>_Σ estimation sharply grow if a sample contains components of a desired group that were not taken into account when constructing the inverted calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Products by X-Ray Diffraction","authors":"R. K. Vagapov, O. G. Mikhalkina","doi":"10.1134/s002016852315013x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002016852315013x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Internal carbon dioxide corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion in gas field development. The results of studying the composition of carbon dioxide corrosion products by X-ray diffraction are presented. FeCO₃ is the main product resulting from dissolution of steel upon carbon dioxide corrosion. Siderite is characterized by the phenomenon of isomorphism in the crystal structure (a change in the chemical composition of the phase at the same crystal structure). Here, some iron ions in FeCO₃ can be replaced by manganese, calcium, and magnesium ions. It is found out that the phases of the formed precipitates with a nonstoichiometric composition (Ca_<i>x</i>Mg_<i>y</i>Mn_<i>z</i>Fe)CO₃ have poor crystallinity. This is associated with the presence of defects in the crystal structure. They will exhibit poorer protective properties when compared to stoichiometric FeCO₃, the film of which is packed, uniformly distributed, and tightly adheres to the steel surface. An analysis of the diffraction patterns evidences good crystallinity of FeCO₃, the shape of the particles of which tends to a regular hexagonal habitus. The results obtained can be used in studying the resistance of corrosion products formed on the internal surfaces of gas production equipment under aggressive conditions in the presence of CO₂ in produced and transported hydrocarbons.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroanalytical Properties of Unmodified and Modified Solid-Contact Potentiometric β-Lactam Sensors in Aqueous and Biological Media","authors":"E. G. Kulapina, R. K. Mursalov, O. I. Kulapina, V. D. Ankina","doi":"10.1134/s002016852314008x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002016852314008x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A comparative study of the electroanalytical properties of solid-contact sensors (tubular, planar) in solutions of cefuroxime (Cefur), cefotaxime (Ceftx), cefixime (Cefix), and amoxicillin (Amox) is performed. Associates of tetraalkylammonium—tetradecylammonium (TDA) and dimethyldistearylammonium (DMDSA)—with complex compounds of silver(I) and β-lactam antibiotics [Ag(β-lac)₂]TAA and modifiers such as ZnO, polyaniline, and polyaniline nanotubes are used as electrode-active components (EACs). The sensors under study based on [Ag(Cefur)₂]TDA and [Ag(Amox)₂]DMDSA are characterized by a short response time in solutions of cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin: 20–25 and 12–17 s for tubular unmodified and modified, respectively; 20–25 and 10–15 s for planar unmodified and modified, respectively. The linear range of electrode functions in solutions of antibiotics is 1 × 10^–4–1 × 10^–2 mol/L; the limit of detection is 2.5 × 10^–5–8.9 × 10^–5 mol/L for unmodified, 5.6 × 10^–6–7.5 × 10^–5 mol/L for modified, and 4.2 × 10^–5–7.2 × 10^–5 mol/L for planar sensors. The potential drift is 8–12 mV/day for unmodified and 5–7 mV/day for modified planar sensors; the service life is 1.5–2 months. An advantage of planar sensors is their use in microassay detection, which is relevant in the analysis of biological media. Application of solid-contact sensors for determination of the antibiotics under study in model aqueous solutions, medicinal products, and oral fluid in the case of various infectious diseases is demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroplastic Effect in Titanium Alloys Under Tension","authors":"O. E. Korolkov, M. A. Pakhomov, V. V. Stolyarov","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523150050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523150050","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The electroplastic effect (EPE) is a phenomenon which consists in a decrease in the strain resistance and enhancement of the plasticity of metals under the effect of the electric current of a sufficiently high density [1]. This study aims to compare the deformation behavior of single-phase commercially pure titanium Grade 4 and two-phase VT6 alloy under tension and external heating with the introduction of a pulsed current. Current of various pulse ratios and densities is supplied to the grips of the tensile testing machine from a pulse generator. To estimate the relative contribution of the electroplastic effect during passage of current to the reduction of flow stresses, the materials are also exposed to external heating. The microstructure of the samples in the sample head and in the vicinity of the fracture region in the longitudinal section is studied using optical microscopy. The electroplastic effect in the studied materials is manifested on the tensile curve through individual jumps in the downward flow stress at a high pulse ratio, whereas at a low current pulse ratio a decrease in the flow stress and strain hardening and increase in the plasticity are observed. It is shown that the tension of the sample under the effect of current results in a greater decrease in the flow stresses than that observed under external heating at the same temperature for both materials. This confirms the athermal nature of the pulsed current effect. The critical density of the high pulse ratio current (<i>q</i> = 5000) capable of providing manifestation of the electroplastic effect is two times lower for the VT6 alloy than for the pure titanium Grade 4. Under the same pulsed current modes, the flow stresses for VT6 decrease more than for Grade 4. The pulsed current of high pulse ratio caused an anomalous hardening effect in the VT6 alloy, but the physical nature of this effect requires an additional study. The pulsed current modes used in the study did not lead to any structural changes noticeable under optical magnification in the samples under tension, except for the disappearance of twins and separation of the impurity particles in Grade 4 and spheroidization of grains in VT6.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionometric Determination of Chlorine and Fluorine in Oil- and Gas-Bearing Wastewater","authors":"I. V. Muravyeva, G. I. Bebeshko","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140108","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>Production and processing of oil and gas are associated with the formation of a huge volume of wastewater of complex composition disposed in different ways after thorough treatment. Environmental control of the composition and degree of purification of oil- and gas-bearing wastewater requires using effective methods for determining various pollutants, including chloride and fluoride. The object of the study was a sample of wastewater from the largest gas field Mustakillikning 25 yilligi in the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was shown that the sample was salty (dry residue was 34.1–31.7 g/dm³) and had a neutral reaction. The method of atomic emission analysis of water revealed high concentrations of potassium, sodium, and sulfur, a significant amount of calcium and magnesium, and a significantly smaller amount of a number of other elements contained in water. Study of various methods of sample preparation for ionometric measurements of chloride ion shows that a significant proportion of chlorine is bound with organic components of water. It is shown that boiling (~100°C) or fusing at 800–850°C with NaOH eliminates the interfering effect of accompanying components (sulfur, iodine, and organic matter) on the chloride determination. The results obtained provide quantitative determination of the total content of chlorine in water both in the form of a free chloride ion and in a bound state, probably in the composition of organochlorine compounds. The presence of fluorine in the organic part of the sample has not been revealed. The possibility of using a single sample preparation (boiling or fusing) for the determination of both chloride and fluoride ions has been shown. The interfering effect of the accompanying elements upon fluorine determination is masked by a buffer solution regulating the total ionic strength. The developed procedures are easy to use, selective, and cost-effective. The trueness and precision of the developed techniques have been evaluated and proved using a method of varying the sample volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow-Injection Amperometric Determination of Adrenalin, Melatonin, and Cortisol on an Electrode Modified with a Gold–Palladium Binary System and a Nafion Film","authors":"L. G. Shaidarova, I. A. Chelnokova, Yu. A. Leksina, D. Yu. Khairullina, H. C. Budnikov","doi":"10.1134/s0020168523140121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168523140121","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The control of the precise concentration of steroid hormones and their synthetic analogs in biomedical objects is a relevant analytical task. A method for selective and highly sensitive simultaneous amperometric determination of adrenaline, melatonin, and cortisol with the use of a two-detector flow-injection system is developed. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPE) with one or two working electrodes modified with a gold–palladium binary system that exhibits catalytic activity upon electrooxidation of the organic compounds under consideration are used as detectors. The high sensitivity of determination is attributed to the catalytic properties of the metal modifier: the transition from the metal to the binary system leads to an increase in the catalytic oxidation current of hormones. The selectivity of determination of adrenaline in the presence of melatonin and cortisol is provided by the difference in the oxidation potentials of the hormones on the proposed electrode. For selective determination of melatonin and cortisol, the surface of the modified working electrode is coated with a Nafion film. The difference of potentials of the peaks of oxidation of adrenaline, melatonin, and cortisol on such an electrode is 300 mV. The proposed method is tested in the analysis of urine samples. The flow-injection scheme is supplemented with a dialyzer and a chromatographic minicolumn to eliminate the interfering effect of electrophilic compounds. The linear bilogarithmic dependence of the analytical signal on the concentration of adrenaline, melatonin, and cortisol is observed in the ranges of 5.0 × 10^–10–5.0 × 10^–3, 5.0 × 10^–11–5.0 × 10^–3, and 5.0 × 10^–12–5.0 × 10^–3 mol/L, respectively. Amperometric determination of the hormones in the flow-injection system leads to an increase in the productivity of the analysis and a decrease in the consumption of the sample and makes it possible to automate the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}