Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2021.02.003
E. Bryndin, Natural Informatic
Energy resources are key to the economy. Firstly, any processes in the production sector are associated with energy consumption. Energy costs permeate all areas of material production, are the most important and integral part of both core and working capital. Secondly, energy resources are currently scarce and define the limits of economic development. At present, the issues of improving energy efficiency from the sectors of the economy are given great attention. For the implementation of programs to increase economic efficiency, the development of theoretical provisions and methodological foundations of energy economic assessment of production is of great importance, There is a variation in the energy equivalents per waste of production resources offered by standards for different types of energy. Considering energy issues in economic systems, economic energy is not found in the relevant classifications, but experts consider the allocation of such a category in the theory of economic development to be timely, and this category fully meets all economic indicators. To do this, it is necessary to determine the energy equivalent for each energy source. The article assumes the calculation of energy equivalents expressed by rational numbers. The use of energy equivalents allows you to move to a single measure of energy for all types. A single measure of energy allows you to move to a single international currency for financial and economic international cooperation.
{"title":"Transition to international energy economic equivalent","authors":"E. Bryndin, Natural Informatic","doi":"10.25082/ree.2021.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Energy resources are key to the economy. Firstly, any processes in the production sector are associated with energy consumption. Energy costs permeate all areas of material production, are the most important and integral part of both core and working capital. Secondly, energy resources are currently scarce and define the limits of economic development. At present, the issues of improving energy efficiency from the sectors of the economy are given great attention. For the implementation of programs to increase economic efficiency, the development of theoretical provisions and methodological foundations of energy economic assessment of production is of great importance, There is a variation in the energy equivalents per waste of production resources offered by standards for different types of energy. Considering energy issues in economic systems, economic energy is not found in the relevant classifications, but experts consider the allocation of such a category in the theory of economic development to be timely, and this category fully meets all economic indicators. To do this, it is necessary to determine the energy equivalent for each energy source. The article assumes the calculation of energy equivalents expressed by rational numbers. The use of energy equivalents allows you to move to a single measure of energy for all types. A single measure of energy allows you to move to a single international currency for financial and economic international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/REE.2021.01.005
M. A. Rauf, O. Weber
Regional and spatial studies, such as urban planning, energy planning, and sustainable development, address the complexity of the inter-disciplinary relationship between subsystems and their components. Such studies require multidisciplinary concepts, varied lenses, and differentiating approaches and models to address the conflict between contextual sensitivity and universal applicability. This paper reviews the debate on the research approaches adopted in regional studies and initiated by researcher Ann Markusen, followed by a review of contemporary literature on the concept of fuzziness in the qualitative research. Markusen evaluated the conceptual fuzziness, empirical evidence, and policy dimensions of regional studies. The argument was based on three fundamental aspects of regional and urban development studies; strong contestation of phenomena, empirical evidence to support the concept, and collective action to deal with the problems under investigation. A conceptual fuzziness and the methodological weaknesses in the qualitative research, highlighted by Markusen almost two decades ago, persist in interdisciplinary qualitative research. In this study, we have dissected the concept of fuzziness to distinguish between Inherited fuzziness derived from the configurational complexity of a case and bequeathed fuzziness that could be transferred ahead due to a researcher’s methodological and perceptual weaknesses. Despite efforts made to address the relevance, reliability, validity, and replicability of the qualitative research, the field is still facing challenges from conceptual bias, methodological and operational constraints, empirical weakness, and prejudiced interpretation.
{"title":"Regional studies and conceptual fuzziness: A critical review","authors":"M. A. Rauf, O. Weber","doi":"10.25082/REE.2021.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/REE.2021.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Regional and spatial studies, such as urban planning, energy planning, and sustainable development, address the complexity of the inter-disciplinary relationship between subsystems and their components. Such studies require multidisciplinary concepts, varied lenses, and differentiating approaches and models to address the conflict between contextual sensitivity and universal applicability. This paper reviews the debate on the research approaches adopted in regional studies and initiated by researcher Ann Markusen, followed by a review of contemporary literature on the concept of fuzziness in the qualitative research. Markusen evaluated the conceptual fuzziness, empirical evidence, and policy dimensions of regional studies. The argument was based on three fundamental aspects of regional and urban development studies; strong contestation of phenomena, empirical evidence to support the concept, and collective action to deal with the problems under investigation. A conceptual fuzziness and the methodological weaknesses in the qualitative research, highlighted by Markusen almost two decades ago, persist in interdisciplinary qualitative research. In this study, we have dissected the concept of fuzziness to distinguish between Inherited fuzziness derived from the configurational complexity of a case and bequeathed fuzziness that could be transferred ahead due to a researcher’s methodological and perceptual weaknesses. Despite efforts made to address the relevance, reliability, validity, and replicability of the qualitative research, the field is still facing challenges from conceptual bias, methodological and operational constraints, empirical weakness, and prejudiced interpretation.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2021.02.001
M. H. Molla, Mohammed Arifur Rahman, M. Shahjahan, Prabal Baura, Abdul Quader
Displacement is the earlier concept of civilization but climate induced displacement is the contemporary issue as climate victim of modern and industrialized world. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of disaster induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing to risks and opportunities. The study mainly based on primary data and secondary data was used for validation. Primary data have been obtained through the quantitative along with qualitative sources. Qualitative data were attained through Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Quantitative data have been acquired through the field study consisting of a questionnaire survey. Data were interpreted by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-20). The study reveals that after displacement nearly 89% displaced people migrated from rural (Kutubdia Island) to Cox’s Bazar urban area. Consequently, meantime their monthly income, occupational status, housing and sanitation condition, source of drinking water and health care facilities were changed positively but in most cases they are dissatisfied. Because they lost their traditional and indigenous occupations system (after migration nearly 30% dissatisfied about their occupation but before migration it was 16%) and their housing pattern and conditions become worsen. Availability of water and sanitation facility and healthcare seeking behavior changed positively in the urban area. However, in urban area they faced multi-dimensional problems such as harassment by mussel man (14%) and local elite group influence (32%), loss of identity and dignity, freedom of speech, social stratification, loss of socio-cultural harmony and fear of eviction as well as involvement of different types of illegal activities, such as drug addiction and smuggling and so on. Finally, the study revealed that there is risk and opportunity for climate displaced people in urban migration. However, planned migration of disaster induced displaced people can reduce the risk factors in the urban setting.
{"title":"Rural to urban migration of disaster induced displaced people in coastal area of Bangladesh: An analysis of risk and opportunity","authors":"M. H. Molla, Mohammed Arifur Rahman, M. Shahjahan, Prabal Baura, Abdul Quader","doi":"10.25082/ree.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Displacement is the earlier concept of civilization but climate induced displacement is the contemporary issue as climate victim of modern and industrialized world. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of disaster induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing to risks and opportunities. The study mainly based on primary data and secondary data was used for validation. Primary data have been obtained through the quantitative along with qualitative sources. Qualitative data were attained through Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Quantitative data have been acquired through the field study consisting of a questionnaire survey. Data were interpreted by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-20). The study reveals that after displacement nearly 89% displaced people migrated from rural (Kutubdia Island) to Cox’s Bazar urban area. Consequently, meantime their monthly income, occupational status, housing and sanitation condition, source of drinking water and health care facilities were changed positively but in most cases they are dissatisfied. Because they lost their traditional and indigenous occupations system (after migration nearly 30% dissatisfied about their occupation but before migration it was 16%) and their housing pattern and conditions become worsen. Availability of water and sanitation facility and healthcare seeking behavior changed positively in the urban area. However, in urban area they faced multi-dimensional problems such as harassment by mussel man (14%) and local elite group influence (32%), loss of identity and dignity, freedom of speech, social stratification, loss of socio-cultural harmony and fear of eviction as well as involvement of different types of illegal activities, such as drug addiction and smuggling and so on. Finally, the study revealed that there is risk and opportunity for climate displaced people in urban migration. However, planned migration of disaster induced displaced people can reduce the risk factors in the urban setting.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2021.02.005
E. Bryndin
Recently, many non-state money systems have appeared based on digital cryptocurrencies. The disadvantages of digital cryptocurrencies are the separation from real production, the inequality of participants, the lack of control by state bodies, and the security problem. Digital money becomes full-fledged only when it is connected with the real economy and financially secured. The author proposes the introduction of a material digital energy economic equivalent. Based on the digital energy of the economic equivalent, it is proposed to form a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs, like the economy of the future. Platform economy is an economic activity based on platforms, which are understood as online systems that provide comprehensive standard solutions for interaction between users, including commercial transactions and innovative solutions. It is proposed to measure the efficiency of the future economy by economic energy intensity. Energy intensity is represented by a certain amount of energy of economic equivalent, in accordance with the law of energy conservation. Reliance on a materially supported digital energy economic equivalent, as a new currency, makes a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs synergistic, efficient, sustainable, safe, ecological, open, controlled by society, without speculative operations, health supportive, accurately measured through digital energy intensity. Material digital energy intensity will avoid the speculative shortcomings of existing digital money systems. To this end, governments establish a procedure for regulating the energy economy with an economic equivalent, as an impact on public relations in order to streamline and stabilize them, in order to realize the necessary needs of society in accordance with the available resources. The status of an energy economic equivalent means recognition by the economic community as universal equivalent.
{"title":"Formation of platform economy of necessary needs based on energy economic equivalent","authors":"E. Bryndin","doi":"10.25082/ree.2021.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many non-state money systems have appeared based on digital cryptocurrencies. The disadvantages of digital cryptocurrencies are the separation from real production, the inequality of participants, the lack of control by state bodies, and the security problem. Digital money becomes full-fledged only when it is connected with the real economy and financially secured. The author proposes the introduction of a material digital energy economic equivalent. Based on the digital energy of the economic equivalent, it is proposed to form a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs, like the economy of the future. Platform economy is an economic activity based on platforms, which are understood as online systems that provide comprehensive standard solutions for interaction between users, including commercial transactions and innovative solutions. It is proposed to measure the efficiency of the future economy by economic energy intensity. Energy intensity is represented by a certain amount of energy of economic equivalent, in accordance with the law of energy conservation. Reliance on a materially supported digital energy economic equivalent, as a new currency, makes a digital high-tech platform economy of healthy needs synergistic, efficient, sustainable, safe, ecological, open, controlled by society, without speculative operations, health supportive, accurately measured through digital energy intensity. Material digital energy intensity will avoid the speculative shortcomings of existing digital money systems. To this end, governments establish a procedure for regulating the energy economy with an economic equivalent, as an impact on public relations in order to streamline and stabilize them, in order to realize the necessary needs of society in accordance with the available resources. The status of an energy economic equivalent means recognition by the economic community as universal equivalent.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2021.02.004
Vanona Noelson Jean Christophe, Raminosoa Chrysostome, M. K. Nematchoua
Energy demand varies depending on the location chosen for construction. The main objective of this research is to analyze the bioclimatic potential of different climatic zones in different regions of Madagascar. For this, this research assesses and compares the indoor air temperature, the energy requirement, the carbon emission and the relative humidity in a traditional building commonly found in cities in sub-Saharan Africa, which was designed to be placed in four cities unevenly distributed in four climatic zones of Madagascar. In order to achieve this goal, hourly meteorological data for the past thirty years has been analyzed for two seasons (dry season and rainy season). At the same time, the adaptive comfort model defined by ASHRAE 55 served as a reference for evaluating the different potentials of passive design. The results showed that by 2030 the need for energy is expected to increase globally in these different cities studied. Like other countries around the world, it is recommended that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa conduct more of this kind of energy. Study in order to establish a construction standard specific to this region of the world.
{"title":"Evaluation of energy consumption and CO₂ emission in a standard traditional building located in tropical region, a case of Madagascar Island","authors":"Vanona Noelson Jean Christophe, Raminosoa Chrysostome, M. K. Nematchoua","doi":"10.25082/ree.2021.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Energy demand varies depending on the location chosen for construction. The main objective of this research is to analyze the bioclimatic potential of different climatic zones in different regions of Madagascar. For this, this research assesses and compares the indoor air temperature, the energy requirement, the carbon emission and the relative humidity in a traditional building commonly found in cities in sub-Saharan Africa, which was designed to be placed in four cities unevenly distributed in four climatic zones of Madagascar. In order to achieve this goal, hourly meteorological data for the past thirty years has been analyzed for two seasons (dry season and rainy season). At the same time, the adaptive comfort model defined by ASHRAE 55 served as a reference for evaluating the different potentials of passive design. The results showed that by 2030 the need for energy is expected to increase globally in these different cities studied. Like other countries around the world, it is recommended that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa conduct more of this kind of energy. Study in order to establish a construction standard specific to this region of the world.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2021.02.006
Ologbenla Patrick
The study examined the factors that influence the domestic prices of petroleum using the price of premium motor spirit (PMS) in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag model for the data analysis. The scope of the data used from the analysis of the study ranges from 1980 to 2020. The study found out that there exist a positive relationship between petroleum pump price and inflation and the result is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. The study also discovered that both oil output and oil import are the prime factors affecting the prices of domestic energy in Nigeria. The study recommended that our refineries should be put in good shape so we can save the cost of having to export to other countries for refining as this contributed to the high cost of selling the product in Nigeria. The study also recommended diversification of the economy in favour of the real sectors as this will help provide more goods for exports thereby improving on the balance of payment.
{"title":"Determinants of domestic energy prices in Nigeria (1980-2020)","authors":"Ologbenla Patrick","doi":"10.25082/ree.2021.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the factors that influence the domestic prices of petroleum using the price of premium motor spirit (PMS) in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag model for the data analysis. The scope of the data used from the analysis of the study ranges from 1980 to 2020. The study found out that there exist a positive relationship between petroleum pump price and inflation and the result is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. The study also discovered that both oil output and oil import are the prime factors affecting the prices of domestic energy in Nigeria. The study recommended that our refineries should be put in good shape so we can save the cost of having to export to other countries for refining as this contributed to the high cost of selling the product in Nigeria. The study also recommended diversification of the economy in favour of the real sectors as this will help provide more goods for exports thereby improving on the balance of payment.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ree.2022.01.001
M. Kaya
{"title":"Steadily progress into the future","authors":"M. Kaya","doi":"10.25082/ree.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.25082/ree.2020.02.006
Nikolaos Mykoniatis, R. Ready
This paper investigates habitat-fisheries interaction between two important resources in the Chesapeake Bay: blue crabs and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). A habitat can be essential to a species (the species is driven to extinction without it), facultative (more habitat means more of the species, but species can exist at some level without any of the habitat) or irrelevant (more habitat is not associated with more of the species). An empirical bioeconomic model that allows for all three possible relationships was estimated and two alternative approaches were used to test whether SAV matters for the crab stock. Our results indicate that a model that incorrectly assumes that habitat is essential to a species can result in model misspecification and biased estimates of the impact of habitat on species productivity. Using a model that assumes an essential relationship, we find that SAV has a significant positive impact on blue crab productivity (p<0.001). However, in a more general model, we failed to reject the null hypothesis that SAV is irrelevant for crabs in the Bay (p>0.05).
{"title":"Evaluating habitat-fishery interactions: Submerged aquatic vegetation and blue crab fishery in the Chesapeake Bay","authors":"Nikolaos Mykoniatis, R. Ready","doi":"10.25082/ree.2020.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2020.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates habitat-fisheries interaction between two important resources in the Chesapeake Bay: blue crabs and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). A habitat can be essential to a species (the species is driven to extinction without it), facultative (more habitat means more of the species, but species can exist at some level without any of the habitat) or irrelevant (more habitat is not associated with more of the species). An empirical bioeconomic model that allows for all three possible relationships was estimated and two alternative approaches were used to test whether SAV matters for the crab stock. Our results indicate that a model that incorrectly assumes that habitat is essential to a species can result in model misspecification and biased estimates of the impact of habitat on species productivity. Using a model that assumes an essential relationship, we find that SAV has a significant positive impact on blue crab productivity (p<0.001). However, in a more general model, we failed to reject the null hypothesis that SAV is irrelevant for crabs in the Bay (p>0.05).","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44867925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.25082/ree.2020.01.005
Ajal Kumar, Sione Lui Tausinga, K. Kishore, Krishnam Nair, D. Rao
The wind at 50 m above ground level (a.g.l) was measured for 22 months. The mean wind speed predicted by Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) at Lapaha was 6.39 m/s and the power density were 279 W/m2. The prevailing wind direction at Lapaha site was East and Southeast direction with a low turbulence. The WAsP wind map indicated that Lapaha has a good wind potential for power production. A wind farm consisting of four Vergnet 275 kW wind turbines at Lapaha site is expected to pay itself back in 9 years with a Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.74, a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) in Tongan Pa’anga (TOP) of 0.10/kWh compared to TOP 0.86/kWh presently charged to domestic consumers. The expected internal rate of return (IRR) would be 50% and with a life time of 25 years. The expected cost saved from the wind farm is TOP 1.3 million per year, which is equivalent to 1.3 million liters of diesel saved, resulting in 535 tons less CO2 emitted annually. The proposed wind farm is expected to decrease diesel consumption by 20% annually.
{"title":"Technical and economic prospect of wind energy at Lapaha, Tonga","authors":"Ajal Kumar, Sione Lui Tausinga, K. Kishore, Krishnam Nair, D. Rao","doi":"10.25082/ree.2020.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ree.2020.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The wind at 50 m above ground level (a.g.l) was measured for 22 months. The mean wind speed predicted by Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) at Lapaha was 6.39 m/s and the power density were 279 W/m2. The prevailing wind direction at Lapaha site was East and Southeast direction with a low turbulence. The WAsP wind map indicated that Lapaha has a good wind potential for power production. A wind farm consisting of four Vergnet 275 kW wind turbines at Lapaha site is expected to pay itself back in 9 years with a Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.74, a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) in Tongan Pa’anga (TOP) of 0.10/kWh compared to TOP 0.86/kWh presently charged to domestic consumers. The expected internal rate of return (IRR) would be 50% and with a life time of 25 years. The expected cost saved from the wind farm is TOP 1.3 million per year, which is equivalent to 1.3 million liters of diesel saved, resulting in 535 tons less CO2 emitted annually. The proposed wind farm is expected to decrease diesel consumption by 20% annually.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45906118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.25082/REE.2019.02.006
Duffour Kwame Asare, I. Ahmed
Corporate social responsibility is the foremost business strategy focus for the managers who aim to have long-term success in competitive environment. This is because, different scholars have found it difficult with its definition, explanation, application, and measurement in organizations on who and how it should be done reciprocally. The present study seeks to review societal change with contribution from corporate social responsibility in international financial markets of Africa. The study is qualitative in nature and seeks to analyze the maximum practice of CSR activities and where there is room for improvement in CSR initiatives among African firms. There are three important forms of corporate social responsibility which are aligned to the emerging social needs of community for true fulfillment and addressing the social responsibility at corporate level.
{"title":"CSR and societal change in international financial markets of Africa","authors":"Duffour Kwame Asare, I. Ahmed","doi":"10.25082/REE.2019.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/REE.2019.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate social responsibility is the foremost business strategy focus for the managers who aim to have long-term success in competitive environment. This is because, different scholars have found it difficult with its definition, explanation, application, and measurement in organizations on who and how it should be done reciprocally. The present study seeks to review societal change with contribution from corporate social responsibility in international financial markets of Africa. The study is qualitative in nature and seeks to analyze the maximum practice of CSR activities and where there is room for improvement in CSR initiatives among African firms. There are three important forms of corporate social responsibility which are aligned to the emerging social needs of community for true fulfillment and addressing the social responsibility at corporate level.","PeriodicalId":62667,"journal":{"name":"资源与环境经济(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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