Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials最新文献

Innovative nanodrug are in high demand for the novel antimicrobial agents development that have Sustained release dosage in gastrointestinal simulation. Therefore, this study looked at the effect of mixing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and their composites with cefepime, embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) matrices for controlled drug release to overcome pathogenic bacteria. These results showed that cefepime (Cef) released more slowly at pH 2 than at pH 7.4. Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixon–Crowell, and Korsmeyer–Peppas equations were used to study the drug release mechanism at various pH values (2, 7.4). According to zeta potential analysis, the composite exhibited good stability, indicating to strong structure. The nanocomposite possesses an encouraging antimicrobial potential against pathogenic strains S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, Kb. pneumonia strain. Moreover, SeNPs and PHB/PVA/SeNPs/Cef nanocomposites recorded excellent antioxidant activity (87.35% and 79.9%). The total phenolic compounds for SeNPs and PHB/PVA/SeNPs/Cef nanocomposite are 875 mg gallic acid/g and 1160 mg gallic acid/g in 200 µg/mL of SeNPs that activated their antioxidant properties. MTT analysis was showed that PHB/PVA/SeNPs/Cef has no cytotoxic effect on normal HEK- 293 cells and RPE-1 normal cells at even 50 µg/mL of SeNPs for 24 h. Moreover, the coagulation cascade was unaffected by the nanocomposites at the high concentration. Also, there was no evidence of haemolysis when the nanocomposite interacted with the constituents. The release test exhibited controlled drug release of Cef from composite, indicating its potential for use in drug delivery systems.

A modified hydrothermal approach was employed for the synthesis of Pb₃O₄-based, (Pb₃O₄-Co₃O₄ and Pb₃O₄-CuO) nanocomposites. The prepared electrode materials were successfully assessed for their supercapacitor performance and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) visualized the formation of uniform, granular and interconnected sheets structures, while transmission electron microscope (TEM) ensured a petal-like structural morphology which enhances the surface area and active site accessibility, that are crucial for increasing electrochemical excellence. Interestingly, the Pb₃O₄-Co₃O₄ and Pb₃O₄-CuO electrodes showed specific capacitances of 867 and 1308 F/g, respectively, along with superior energy densities values of 30.09 and 45.42 Wh/kg. The Pb₃O₄-CuO electrode material showed exceptional cycling performance and retention of 96.03% after excessive cyclic voltammetry cycles. Similarly, Pb₃O₄-CuO also depicted excellent cathodic and anodic b-values of 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. Moreover, the oxygen evolution reaction assessed overpotential value of 315 mV and 182 mV for Pb₃O₄-Co₃O₄ and Pb₃O₄-CuO nanocomposites, respectively. Additionally, the synthesized binary composites demonstrate excellent Tafel slope value of 79 mV/dec and 43 mV/dec for Pb₃O₄/Co₃O₄ and Pb₃O₄/CuO, respectively. Similarly, the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of Pb₃O₄/CuO and Pb₃O₄/Co₃O₄ was calculated 606.5 cm² and 368.4 cm², respectively. The Pb₃O₄-CuO nanocomposite showed multifunctional excellence as improved capacitance, energy density, and water splitting systems.

This work explores the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their subsequent use as the zinc source for constructing Zn-EDTA metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) aimed at efficient CO₂ capture. The objective is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the resulting MOFs and optimize their structure to enhance carbon sequestration. The Zn-EDTA MOFs were synthesized via a reflux-assisted coordination process using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a ligand. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified key functional groups, verifying Zn–EDTA coordination. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis (BET) revealed a surface area of 885 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 8.58 Å, supporting the material’s porosity and gas adsorption potential. CO₂ uptake tests showed a capture capacity of 164.58 mL/g, highlighting the promise of this green-synthesized MOF for sustainable carbon capture applications.

An eco-friendly approach was employed to synthesize pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Justicia adhatoda leaf extract as a natural reducing and capping agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the crystalline nature and hexagonal wurtzite phase of the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. UV–Visible spectral analysis demonstrated a band gap narrowing from 3.03 eV for pure ZnO to 2.86 eV for Fe-doped ZnO, indicating enhanced optical behavior as a result of Fe incorporation. Morphological studies using FE-SEM and HRTEM revealed a hexagonal shape with a nanosheet structure, while EDAX confirmed the elemental composition of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified the functional groups in the samples, indicating the role of phytochemicals from Justicia adhatoda. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed the successful incorporation of Fe²⁺ ions into the Zn²⁺ lattice. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis was performed to assess the emission characteristics, while zeta potential measurements were utilized to determine the surface stability of the nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of pure ZnO was noted to be 81% for the degradation of bromophenol blue and 78% for fast green. In contrast, Fe-doped ZnO demonstrated improved efficiencies of 96% and 98% for the degradation of bromophenol blue and fast green, respectively. The Fe–ZnO nanoparticles achieved efficiencies of 96% and 98% in 180 min for bromophenol blue and in 150 min for fast green pollutants. Furthermore, The Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated higher inhibition areas against Staphylococcus aureus (11–18mm), Bacillus subtilis (11–15mm), Penicillium (09–12mm), and Rhizopus (16–17mm) compared to the pure ZnO nanoparticles (Staphylococcus aureus (09–11mm), Bacillus subtilis (01–12mm), Penicillium (08–12mm), and Rhizopus (17–20mm)).These results suggest that the green-synthesized pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles have significant potential for photocatalytic and antimicrobial uses.

Graphical Abstract

Fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) are an intriguing family of nanostructures that offer a non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly alternative, in contrast with traditional semiconductor quantum dots. This review article outlines the recent advances in the synthesis techniques and bioanalytical applications of g-CNQDs. A notable advantage of g-CNQDs is their tunable fluorescence and robust photoluminescence emission, which are attributed to their diminutive size. They can be efficiently synthesised using cost-effective top-down and bottom-up approaches including top-down techniques such as evaporation–condensation, electrochemical modification, chemical oxidation, and solvothermal, hydrothermal, and microwave-assisted processes. Each technique offers distinct advantages that facilitate the production of g-CNQDs with diverse sizes and properties tailored for specific applications. This research highlights important findings about the remarkable photoluminescence characteristics and structural robustness of g-CNQDs, which make them suited for a variety of bioanalytical applications, especially the detection of fluorescent biomolecules. Crucially, g-CNQDs show excellent sensitivity and selectivity in detecting environmental pollutants and biomolecules. The recent advancements in the synthesis techniques and bioanalytical applications of g-CNQDs as fluorescence biosensors have been addressed in this review article. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of g-CNQDs improvement in order to efficiently utilize them in the biological community are also discussed. Apart from providing valuable suggestions for researchers and promoting the progress of zero-dimensional (0D) materials in biotechnology, it also highlights the immense potential to revolutionize bioanalytics and beyond.

A novel green synthesis method for ternary nanocomposite (gSnO₂/Fe₃O₄@ZIF-8) has been developed. This research presents an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of gSnO₂/Fe₃O₄@ZIF-8 nanoparticles utilising the juice extracted from Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) peels, entirely omitting the need for external reagents. The influence of diverse reaction parameters, including reaction duration, reaction temperature, and the concentration of Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) peel juice, on the synthesis of nanoparticles has been thoroughly examined. The nanomaterials underwent the Co-precipitation method and were assessed using UV–Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, SAED, TEM, and XPS analysis techniques. The XRD measurement validated the phase purity of the nanocomposite. The synthesised magnetically separable ternary photocatalyst gSnO₂/Fe₃O₄@ZIF-8 nanoparticles were employed for the elimination of toxic and hazardous dyes, including Victoria Blue and Crystal Violet. An impressive degradation rate of approximately 99.8% for Crystal Violet (CV) and 99.46% for Victoria Blue dye (VB) was observed with the application of gSnO₂/Fe₃O₄@ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the gSnO₂/Fe₃O₄@ZIF-8 nanoparticles remained consistent following five cycles of operation. The application of an external magnet facilitated the separation of the magnetically active ternary photocatalyst from the aqueous suspension, thereby enhancing the efficiency and simplicity of its recycling process.

This study investigates the wound-healing and bone-repair potential of nano-sized magnesium hydroxide [nanoMg(OH)₂] derived from the leaves of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae), a plant native to Africa traditionally used for treating injuries. Mg(OH)₂-AS nanoneedles were synthesized from aqueous extracts of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) leaves (AS) and magnesium nitrate. The compound was studied by UV-Vis, DLS, FTIR, PXRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM. Acute dermal toxicity experiment on animal model was used to investigate safety for topical application. In vitro experiments anti-inflammatory potential, and in vivo wound healing assays in Wistar rats were performed. To investigate Mg(OH)₂-AS effects on the cellular level, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were used. The Mg(OH)₂ interface contains secondary metabolites as polyphenols. The powder X-ray diffractogram could be matched to the Mg(OH)₂ pattern and the Scherrer equation gave grain sizes < 50 nm after different temperatures conditions. The powders form aggregates which contain C, O, and Mg elements. Needles of 33 ± 9 nm length and 4 ± 2 nm width of Mg(OH)₂-AS were imaged. Mg(OH)₂-AS was found safe for topical application. Mg(OH)₂-AS has anti-inflammatory potential, and can enhance wound healing. In contrast to pure Mg(OH)₂ or AS, cell viability and proliferation were not impaired by Mg(OH)₂-AS. Cell morphology remained unchanged upon media supplementation with Mg(OH)₂-AS. An enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs was observed. These findings motivate further research towards the inclusion of the material driving plant secondary metabolites in implants for bone healing.

We report the development of a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) based on a reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide (rGO-ZnO) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized via an improved Hummers method and subsequently reduced using zinc powder under hydrothermal conditions, followed by NaOH treatment and ethanol washing. The resulting rGO-ZnO nanocomposite exhibited uniformly distributed ZnO nanoparticles anchored on rGO sheets, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed outstanding electrocatalytic performance toward AA oxidation. The rGO-ZnO/GCE sensor displayed a wide linear detection range of 0.23–2.66 pM by CV and DPV, with ultra-low limits of detection (LOD) 0.16 ± 0.04 pM and 0.30 ± 0.04 pM, and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.53 ± 0.04 pM and 0.90 ± 0.04 pM. The rGO–ZnO modified electrode exhibited high sensitivity, calculated as 2942 µA mol⁻¹ L cm⁻² (CV) and 3502 µA mol⁻¹ L cm⁻² (DPV). The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) was calculated to be 0.024 cm² based on the Randles–Ševčík equation. The sensor demonstrated long-term stability over 45 days, and high recovery values (91–97%) in spiked real samples. These results highlight the potential of the rGO-ZnO nanohybrid for advanced electrochemical sensing platforms targeting low-concentration biomarker detection.

Graphical Abstract

A metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanocomposite was designed by incorporating the fluorescent rhodamine B dye (RhB) into a stable copper-based MOF (Cu-MOF). The Cu-MOF was characterized using a variety of techniques, such as Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), XPS and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The PXRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the Cu-MOF material. The presence of copper in + 2 oxidation state in the synthesis of metal-organic framework was confirmed by XPS analysis. The BET analysis indicated surface area of 418.854 m²/g and the pore volume is 0.148 cc/g. FT-IR spectrum of Cu-MOF displayed a shift in the carbonyl group stretching peak to a lower wavenumber, confirming the coordination of carboxylate with the metal. FE-SEM images revealed irregular morphology and TEM images were quasi-spherical to irregular in shape. In UV-vis absorption spectra of Cu-MOF, the absorption peak observed at 290 nm is attributed to ligand-centered (LC) π–π* transitions. This nanocomposite serves as a fluorescence-based sensing platform for nitrate detection, wherein the introduction of nitrate causes fluorescence quenching through its interaction with Cu-MOF@RhB which is due dexter type energy transfer mechanism. The system exhibits a linear response across the concentration range of 0.0–4.0 µM and has a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.315 µM. Furthermore, under ultraviolet light, adding nitrate to nanocomposite causes the color change from yellow to orange under UV light. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant was established at 1.7 × 10³M⁻¹, affirming the robust interaction between nitrate and the nanocomposite. The device excels in assessing nitrate in intricate materials, including human serum, by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The nanocomposite demonstrated superior performance, with relative standard deviations (RSD) for nitrate concentration measurements in human serum between 0.930% and 2.687%, and recovery rates for nitrate detection in human blood from 99.6 to 103.6%. The detected fluorescence quenching and colorimetric response validate the appropriateness of this sensor for nitrate anion detection. This Cu-MOF@RhB nanocomposite enabled direct detection of nitrate in human serum using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Owing to its robust response, portability, it shows great potential for on-site clinical monitoring of nitrate levels.