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Predictive Video Decoding Based on Ordinal Depth of Moving Regions 基于运动区域有序深度的预测视频解码
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5501776
Yue Chen, I. Bajić
Predictive video decoding is a technique for reducing end-to-end delay and/or concealing frame loss in video communications. In this paper, we propose an improved predictive decoding technique that incorporates the estimation of the ordinal depth of moving regions, and uses it to compose the predicted frame. Ordinal depth information enables occlusion prediction in the future frame, allowing the predictor to synthesize a more realistic frame. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better subjective and objective quality of synthesized frames compared to a state-of-the-art block-based frame prediction approach.
预测视频解码是一种在视频通信中减少端到端延迟和/或隐藏帧丢失的技术。在本文中,我们提出了一种改进的预测解码技术,该技术结合了对运动区域有序深度的估计,并用它来组成预测帧。顺序深度信息可以在未来的帧中进行遮挡预测,允许预测器合成更真实的帧。实验结果表明,与当前基于分块的帧预测方法相比,该方法具有更好的合成帧的主客观质量。
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引用次数: 2
Communication Timescales, Structure and Popularity: Using Social Network Metrics for Youtube-Like Multimedia Content Distribution 传播时间尺度、结构和流行度:使用社交网络指标进行类似youtube的多媒体内容分发
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502121
Vineet Kulkarni, M. Devetsikiotis
A significant portion of the HTTP multimedia traffic on the Internet comes from sites like Youtube which serve short videos. Caching of Youtube-like multimedia content, when possible, can reduce traffic on the backbone while providing faster access. The performance of such a caching system will depend on identifying the videos which should be cached and the appropriate duration. In this paper, we look at both of these questions from a social network perspective. We propose that the decision to cache a video should be based on the combined popularity of the individual as well as related videos rather than simply based on individual popularity of a video. We identify timescales at which the inter-relationships between the videos can change through a longitudinal data set. Using the concepts of centrality of nodes, we rank the set of videos in the data set according to their perceived importance. In doing so, we compare three centrality techniques - degree, closeness and betweenness. We evaluate how these centralities affect the performance of a cache. We show that ``Closeness" centrality always performs at least as well as the other two in all cases. Finally, we show that a distributed cache mechanism employing the centrality method to rank videos can reduce the load on the network significantly for even moderate content cache sizes.
互联网上很大一部分的HTTP多媒体流量来自像Youtube这样提供短视频的网站。在可能的情况下,缓存类似youtube的多媒体内容可以减少主干网络的流量,同时提供更快的访问速度。这种缓存系统的性能将取决于确定应该缓存的视频和适当的持续时间。在本文中,我们将从社交网络的角度来看待这两个问题。我们建议缓存视频的决定应该基于个人以及相关视频的综合流行度,而不是简单地基于视频的个人流行度。我们通过纵向数据集确定视频之间的相互关系可以改变的时间尺度。使用节点中心性的概念,我们根据视频的感知重要性对数据集中的视频进行排序。在此过程中,我们比较了三种中心性技术——程度、亲近度和中间度。我们评估这些中心性如何影响缓存的性能。我们表明,在所有情况下,“亲近”中心性的表现至少与其他两个中心性一样好。最后,我们展示了一种采用中心性方法对视频进行排名的分布式缓存机制,即使对于中等大小的内容缓存,也可以显著减少网络上的负载。
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引用次数: 9
DDoS Defense Deployment with Network Egress and Ingress Filtering 支持网络进出过滤的DDoS防御部署
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502654
P. Du, A. Nakao
In this paper, we propose a DDoS defense architecture, named NEIF (Network Egress and Ingress Filtering), which is deployed at the Internet Service Provider's (ISP) edge routers to prohibit DDoS attacks into and from the ISPs' networks. The main challenge is how to implement NEIF with a small fixed amount of memory and low implementation complexity so that it may be acceptable by ISPs. We first design a bloom filter based data structure to identify and measure a few relatively large flows instead of all flows, where the amount of required memory is independent of link speeds and the number of flows. Then, the relatively large flows are rate-limited to their fair share based on the packet symmetry-the ratio of received and transmitted packets of a host. The dropping decisions of each flow are made on the observed counters directly that are with low implementation complexity. Finally, we implement NEIF with Click and perform experiments on PlanetLab. The experimental results validate our analysis and show that the Internet can benefit from NEIF even under partial deployment.
在本文中,我们提出了一种名为NEIF(网络出入口过滤)的DDoS防御体系结构,该体系结构部署在互联网服务提供商(ISP)的边缘路由器上,以阻止DDoS攻击进入和来自ISP的网络。主要的挑战是如何以较小的固定内存量和较低的实现复杂性来实现NEIF,使其能够被isp所接受。我们首先设计了一个基于布隆过滤器的数据结构来识别和测量一些相对较大的流,而不是所有的流,其中所需的内存量与链接速度和流的数量无关。然后,根据数据包对称性(主机接收和发送数据包的比率),对相对较大的流进行速率限制,以达到其公平份额。每个流的丢弃决策是直接在观察到的计数器上做出的,具有较低的实现复杂性。最后,我们利用Click实现了NEIF,并在PlanetLab上进行了实验。实验结果验证了我们的分析,并表明即使在部分部署的情况下,互联网也可以从NEIF中获益。
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引用次数: 25
Coexistence of a Novel Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and the IEEE 802.11 一种新的无线自组织网络介质访问控制协议与IEEE 802.11的共存
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502656
J. Alonso-Zarate, C. Verikoukis, E. Kartsakli, L. Alonso
We describe in this paper a methodology to facilitate the coexistence of the Distributed Queuing Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Ad hoc Networks (DQMAN) with the IEEE 802.11 Standard MAC protocol. By using dual terminals which can operate with the two MAC protocols, it is possible to run a hybrid network with legacy and novel terminals. In addition, it is possible to enable the intercommunication between all the terminals of the network. Computer simulations have been carried out to assess the performance and the feasibility of such dual operation. The main conclusion of the study is that the use of dual terminals allows the integration of DQMAN within legacy networks without degrading the performance of IEEE 802.11 terminals. In addition, the mechanism presented in this paper can be used to enable the coexistence of any cluster-based distributed MAC protocol within IEEE 802.11 networks.
在本文中,我们描述了一种方法,以促进分布式队列媒体访问控制(MAC)协议共存的自组织网络(DQMAN)与IEEE 802.11标准MAC协议。通过使用可以运行两种MAC协议的双终端,可以运行传统和新型终端的混合网络。此外,还可以实现网络所有终端之间的相互通信。通过计算机仿真来评估这种双操作的性能和可行性。该研究的主要结论是,使用双终端可以在传统网络中集成DQMAN,而不会降低IEEE 802.11终端的性能。此外,本文提出的机制可用于在IEEE 802.11网络中实现任何基于集群的分布式MAC协议的共存。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of Euclidean-Metric MLSD Receiver in the Presence of Channel Mismatch Caused by Nongaussian Noise 非高斯噪声下欧几里得-公制MLSD接收机的信道失配性能
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502001
D. Morero, M. Hueda
In this paper we present a theory of the bit error rate (BER) of Euclidean metric-based maximum likelihood sequence detectors (EM-MLSD) in the presence of channel mismatch caused by nongaussian noise. Although the theory is general, here we focus on the effects of quantization noise (QN) added by the front-end analog-to-digital converter (ADC) typically used in DSP based implementations of the receiver. Numerical results show a close agreement between the predictions of the theoretical analysis and computer simulations. As a practical application of the proposed theory, we investigate the performance of EM-MLSD in 10Gb/s Ethernet receivers for multimode optical fibers. Since the BER required in this application is below 10^-12, which precludes the use of computer simulations to estimate BER, a theoretical study of the MLSD performance including the combined effects of the channel dispersion and QN, becomes necessary. We present numerical results for the three stressors specified by the 10GBASE-LRM standard. Our study shows that the impact of the QN added by the ADC on the performance depends strongly on the channel dispersion (i.e., the stressor).
本文提出了基于欧几里德度量的最大似然序列检测器(EM-MLSD)在存在非高斯噪声引起的信道失配情况下的误码率理论。虽然该理论是通用的,但这里我们关注的是通常用于基于DSP的接收器实现的前端模数转换器(ADC)添加的量化噪声(QN)的影响。数值结果表明,理论分析的预测结果与计算机模拟结果非常吻合。作为该理论的实际应用,我们研究了EM-MLSD在10Gb/s多模光纤以太网接收器中的性能。由于该应用所需的误码率低于10^-12,这就排除了使用计算机模拟来估计误码率的可能性,因此有必要对包括信道色散和QN综合影响的MLSD性能进行理论研究。我们给出了10GBASE-LRM标准规定的三种应力源的数值结果。我们的研究表明,由ADC添加的QN对性能的影响很大程度上取决于信道色散(即应力源)。
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引用次数: 0
A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Code Acquisition in CDMA Wireless Systems 码分多址无线系统码采集的博弈论研究
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502248
G. Bacci, M. Luise
This paper proposes a game-theoretic approach to the problem of resource allocation for a CDMA wireless communication network, focusing on code synchronization. To capture the tradeoff between obtaining good synchronization performance and saving as much energy as possible, we propose a noncooperative game in which each pair transmitter-receiver in the network seeks to maximize the ratio of the probability of detection to the transmitted energy per bit by setting its transmit power and its optimum detection threshold, under a constraint on the maximum probability of spurious code locks. This framework also considers the coexistence between different types of synchronizers in the network and different QoS requirements. The Nash solution of the game is investigated and closed-form expressions are derived and compared with simulation results for a decentralized resource control algorithm.
本文提出了一种基于博弈论的CDMA无线通信网络资源分配问题的解决方法,重点研究了码型同步问题。为了在获得良好的同步性能和尽可能多地节省能量之间取得平衡,我们提出了一种非合作博弈,其中网络中的每对发送方和接收方在限制伪码锁的最大概率的情况下,通过设置其发射功率和最佳检测阈值,寻求最大检测概率与每比特传输能量的比率。该框架还考虑了网络中不同类型的同步器和不同QoS需求之间的共存。研究了分散资源控制算法的博弈纳什解,导出了封闭表达式,并与仿真结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Iterative Decision Directed Channel Estimation for BICM-Based MIMO-OFDM Systems 基于bicm的MIMO-OFDM系统的迭代决策定向信道估计
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502045
O. Oyerinde, S. Mneney
Iterative Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE) scheme is proposed in this paper for bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM)-based MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed scheme employs Variable Step Size Normalized Least Mean Square (VSSNLMS) algorithm to implement its temporary Channel Transfer Function (CTF) Estimator and Adaptive Channel Impulse Response (CIR) predictor modules, while Fast Data Projection Method (FDPM) algorithm is employed to track the time domain CIR of the MIMO channel. The proposed iterative DDCE operates in an iterative mode in conjunction with MIMO demappers and the Turbo decoder at receiver of the MIMO-OFDM system. The achievable performances of the proposed scheme in terms of both mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) are presented. Comparative performances between the DDCE scheme employing FDPM algorithm and another one employing deflated Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking (PASTd) algorithm are also given. The simulations results presented indicate better performances of the proposed scheme.
针对基于比特交织编码调制(BICM)的MIMO-OFDM系统,提出了迭代决策定向信道估计(DDCE)方案。该方案采用变步长归一化最小均方(VSSNLMS)算法实现临时信道传递函数(CTF)估计和自适应信道脉冲响应(CIR)预测模块,采用快速数据投影法(FDPM)算法跟踪MIMO信道的时域CIR。所提出的迭代DDCE与MIMO- ofdm系统的MIMO需求器和接收端的Turbo解码器以迭代方式工作。给出了该方案在均方误差(MSE)和误码率(BER)方面可实现的性能。比较了采用FDPM算法的DDCE方案与采用缩小投影逼近子空间跟踪(deflated Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking, PASTd)算法的DDCE方案的性能。仿真结果表明,该方案具有较好的性能。
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引用次数: 6
On Computing Bounds on Average Backlogs and Delays with Network Calculus 用网络演算计算平均积压和延迟的边界
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502376
F. Ciucu, O. Hohlfeld
The stochastic network calculus is an analytical tool which was mainly developed to compute tail bounds on backlogs and delays. From these, bounds on average backlogs and delays are derived in the literature by integration. This paper improves such bounds on average backlogs by using Jensen's inequality; improved bounds on average delays follow immediately from Little's Law. The gain factor can be substantial especially at high utilizations, e.g., of order ${Omega}left(frac{1}{1-rho}right)$ when $rhorightarrow 1$. This gain is further numerically illustrated for Markov-modulated On-Off arrival processes. Moreover, the paper shows how to improve standard stochastic network calculus performance bounds by suitably using FIFO service curves.
随机网络演算是一种主要用于计算积压和延迟的尾界的分析工具。在此基础上,用积分法导出了平均积压和延迟的界。本文利用Jensen不等式改进了平均积压的边界;根据利特尔定律,改进了平均延迟边界。增益因子可以是实质性的,特别是在高利用率,例如,阶${Omega}left(frac{1}{1-rho}right)$当$rhorightarrow 1$。对于马尔可夫调制的开关到达过程,该增益进一步进行了数值说明。此外,本文还说明了如何适当地使用FIFO服务曲线来提高标准随机网络演算的性能界限。
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引用次数: 8
Successive Decoding of Anti-Periodic OFDM Signals in IM/DD Optical Channel IM/DD光信道中反周期OFDM信号的逐次解码
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502053
Liang-Ying Chen, B. Krongold, J. Evans
This paper investigates Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in intensity modulated, direct-detected (IM/DD) optical systems. Due to the unipolarity of the IM/DD optical channel, DC biasing and associated nonlinear clipping distortion (NLCD) is inevitable, unless an anti-periodic signal is created by limiting bit loading to only half of the available bandwidth. To generalize this idea, we first provide a class of such signals generated with different subchannel combinations. Using the theoretical characterization of NLCD on these signals, we show that by parallel transmission and successive decoding, a set of anti-periodic OFDM signals can be transmitted simultaneously and recovered without a distortion penalty. The proposed method requires minimum change on the existing optical plant, and has the potential to achieve both high power and high spectral efficiencies.
本文研究了正交频分复用(OFDM)在强度调制直接检测(IM/DD)光系统中的传输。由于IM/DD光通道的单极性,直流偏置和相关的非线性裁剪失真(NLCD)是不可避免的,除非通过将位加载限制在可用带宽的一半来创建反周期信号。为了推广这个想法,我们首先提供了一类由不同子信道组合产生的这样的信号。利用NLCD对这些信号的理论表征,我们证明了通过并行传输和连续解码,一组反周期OFDM信号可以同时传输并在没有失真惩罚的情况下恢复。所提出的方法对现有光学装置的改变最小,并且具有实现高功率和高光谱效率的潜力。
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引用次数: 26
Admission Control for Wireless Mesh Networks Based on Active Neighbor Bandwidth Reservations 基于主动邻居带宽预留的无线Mesh网络准入控制
Pub Date : 2010-05-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502668
Xun Yang, Z. Rosberg, Zhenzhen Cao, R. Liu
The major objective of an admission control in wireless mesh networks is to prevent excessive real-time traffic from over-utilizing the bandwidth resources. A key component of an admission control is an accurate estimator of the bandwidth available at each node and of the actual bandwidth (including the MAC overhead) required by a new flow. This estimation problem is particularly difficult when node localization information is not available. We propose a novel admission control based on active neighbor bandwidth reservation (AC-ANBR), by which active neighbors periodically broadcast bandwidth reservation information and flow setup requests carry their bandwidth reservation states. Our proposed AC-ANBR accurately estimates the available bandwidth at each node, as well as the bandwidth required by each new flow. The effectiveness of AC-ANBR in multi-hop wireless networks is demonstrated by NS-2 simulations.
无线网状网络中准入控制的主要目的是防止过多的实时流量过度利用带宽资源。接纳控制的一个关键组件是准确估计每个节点可用的带宽和新流所需的实际带宽(包括MAC开销)。当节点定位信息不可用时,这个估计问题尤其困难。提出了一种基于主动邻居带宽保留(AC-ANBR)的允许控制方法,主动邻居定期广播带宽保留信息,流建立请求携带其带宽保留状态。我们提出的AC-ANBR准确地估计了每个节点的可用带宽,以及每个新流所需的带宽。通过NS-2仿真验证了AC-ANBR在多跳无线网络中的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications
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