Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.146020
Ming Qi, Xiujuan Xie, Haiying Pang, Y. Sun, Chengqian Fang, Wenru Zhao
To investigate the relationship between muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion by measuring the maximum muscle strength and sEMG value of normal children and adults, and to analyze their sources, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the method of motor program reconstruction to restore the function after brain injury, 30 healthy children aged 9 - 10 years and 30 adults aged 20 - 30 years were randomly selected. The muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion were detected and recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. The muscle strength of children was significantly lower than that of adults (P
{"title":"Demonstration of the Source of Motor Program Signal: Study on the Correlation between Muscle Strength and sEMG Signal in Normal Children and Adults","authors":"Ming Qi, Xiujuan Xie, Haiying Pang, Y. Sun, Chengqian Fang, Wenru Zhao","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.146020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.146020","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the relationship between muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion by measuring the maximum muscle strength and sEMG value of normal children and adults, and to analyze their sources, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the method of motor program reconstruction to restore the function after brain injury, 30 healthy children aged 9 - 10 years and 30 adults aged 20 - 30 years were randomly selected. The muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion were detected and recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. The muscle strength of children was significantly lower than that of adults (P","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.146021
M. Tellache, H. Kambara, Y. Koike, M. Miyakoshi, N. Yoshimura
There are few EEG studies on finger movement directions because ocular artifacts also convey directional information, which makes it hard to separate the contribution of EEG from that of the ocular artifacts. To overcome this issue, we designed an experiment in which EEG’s temporal dynamics and spatial information are evaluated together to improve the performance of brain-computer interface (BCI) for classifying finger movement directions. Six volunteers participated in the study. We examined their EEG using decoding analyses. Independent components (ICs) that represented brain-source signals successfully classified the directions of the finger movements with higher rates than chance level. The weight analyses of the classifiers revealed that maximal performance of the classification was recorded at the latencies prior to the onset of finger movements. The weight analyses also revealed the relevant cortical areas including the right lingual, left posterior cingulate, left inferior temporal gyrus, and right precuneus, which indicated the involvement of the visuospatial processing. We concluded that combining spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of the scalp EEG may improve BCI performance.
{"title":"Investigating Neural Representation of Finger-Movement Directions Using Electroencephalography Independent Components","authors":"M. Tellache, H. Kambara, Y. Koike, M. Miyakoshi, N. Yoshimura","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.146021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.146021","url":null,"abstract":"There are few EEG studies on finger movement directions because ocular artifacts also convey directional information, which makes it hard to separate the contribution of EEG from that of the ocular artifacts. To overcome this issue, we designed an experiment in which EEG’s temporal dynamics and spatial information are evaluated together to improve the performance of brain-computer interface (BCI) for classifying finger movement directions. Six volunteers participated in the study. We examined their EEG using decoding analyses. Independent components (ICs) that represented brain-source signals successfully classified the directions of the finger movements with higher rates than chance level. The weight analyses of the classifiers revealed that maximal performance of the classification was recorded at the latencies prior to the onset of finger movements. The weight analyses also revealed the relevant cortical areas including the right lingual, left posterior cingulate, left inferior temporal gyrus, and right precuneus, which indicated the involvement of the visuospatial processing. We concluded that combining spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of the scalp EEG may improve BCI performance.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"240-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2021.146022
A. Luca, Tudor Florin Ursuleanu, L. Gheorghe, Roxana Grigorovici, Stefan Iancu, Maria Hlusneac, C. Preda, A. Grigorovici
Rationale and Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers is essential for practical medicine in determining the extent of the lesion extension and determines the most correct and effective therapeutic approach. For accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers, we aim to create a diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and validated by achieving accurate and favorable results by conducting a clinical trial, during which we will use the diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to avoid errors, to increase the understanding on interpretation of colposcopy images and improve therapeutic planning. Materials and Methods: The optimization of the method will consist in the development and formation of artificial intelligence models, using complicated convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify precancers and cancers on colposcopic images. We will use topologies that have performed well in similar image recognition projects, such as Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG16), Inception deep neural network with an architectural design that consists of repeating components referred to as Inception modules (Inception), deeply separable convolutions that significantly reduce the number of parameters (MobileNet) that is a class of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Return of investment for machine Learning (ROI), Fully Convolutional Network (U-Net) and Overcomplete Convolutional Network Kite-Net (KiU-Net). Validation of the diagnostic method, optimized by algorithm of artificial intelligence will consist of achieving accurate results on diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers by conducting a randomized, controlled clinical trial, for a period of 17 months. Results: We will validate the computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) method through a clinical study and, secondly, we use various network topologies specified above, which have produced promising results in the tasks of image model recognition and by using this mixture. By using this method in medical practice, we aim to avoid errors, provide precision in diagnosing, staging and establishing the therapeutic plan in cervical precancers using AI. Conclusion: This diagnostic method, optimized by artificial intelligence algorithms and validated by the clinical trial, which we consider “second opinion”, improves the quality standard in diagnosing, staging and establishing therapeutic conduct in cervical precancer.
{"title":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence on Colposcopy Images, in the Diagnosis and Staging of Cervical Precancers: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"A. Luca, Tudor Florin Ursuleanu, L. Gheorghe, Roxana Grigorovici, Stefan Iancu, Maria Hlusneac, C. Preda, A. Grigorovici","doi":"10.4236/jbise.2021.146022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2021.146022","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale and Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers is essential for practical medicine in determining the extent of the lesion extension and determines the most correct and effective therapeutic approach. For accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers, we aim to create a diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and validated by achieving accurate and favorable results by conducting a clinical trial, during which we will use the diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to avoid errors, to increase the understanding on interpretation of colposcopy images and improve therapeutic planning. Materials and Methods: The optimization of the method will consist in the development and formation of artificial intelligence models, using complicated convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify precancers and cancers on colposcopic images. We will use topologies that have performed well in similar image recognition projects, such as Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG16), Inception deep neural network with an architectural design that consists of repeating components referred to as Inception modules (Inception), deeply separable convolutions that significantly reduce the number of parameters (MobileNet) that is a class of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Return of investment for machine Learning (ROI), Fully Convolutional Network (U-Net) and Overcomplete Convolutional Network Kite-Net (KiU-Net). Validation of the diagnostic method, optimized by algorithm of artificial intelligence will consist of achieving accurate results on diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers by conducting a randomized, controlled clinical trial, for a period of 17 months. Results: We will validate the computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) method through a clinical study and, secondly, we use various network topologies specified above, which have produced promising results in the tasks of image model recognition and by using this mixture. By using this method in medical practice, we aim to avoid errors, provide precision in diagnosing, staging and establishing the therapeutic plan in cervical precancers using AI. Conclusion: This diagnostic method, optimized by artificial intelligence algorithms and validated by the clinical trial, which we consider “second opinion”, improves the quality standard in diagnosing, staging and establishing therapeutic conduct in cervical precancer.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.146019
H. Losada, E. Gonçalves, J. Valin, Luis Ide
The present study evaluates the effects of occlusal loading on an implant-supported dental implant with external hexagon dental implant-abutment systems, using the finite element method analysis. Tensile analyses were performed to simulate different axial and obliquous masticatory loads. The influence of the variations in the contouring conditions of the interfaces was analyzed to weigh the osseointegration with linear and non-linear cases, by means of a parametric design. The geometry selected to place the prostheses was a jaw section, considering the properties of the set of cortical and trabecular bones. The results show that for non-linear contour conditions, the stress presents smaller value distributions and signals a different place in the screw-implant interface as the factor of the greater weight in this study. The location indicated that von Mises stress concentrations are not exclusive to the contact regions studied, moving to an area that is not in direct contact with the non-linear contact interfaces. In addition, the direction of load with an angle of 15 degrees presented the highest values of von Mises stress.
{"title":"Analysis of the Influence of Parafunctional Loads on the Bone-Prosthesis System: A Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis","authors":"H. Losada, E. Gonçalves, J. Valin, Luis Ide","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.146019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.146019","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluates the effects of occlusal loading on an implant-supported dental implant with external hexagon dental implant-abutment systems, using the finite element method analysis. Tensile analyses were performed to simulate different axial and obliquous masticatory loads. The influence of the variations in the contouring conditions of the interfaces was analyzed to weigh the osseointegration with linear and non-linear cases, by means of a parametric design. The geometry selected to place the prostheses was a jaw section, considering the properties of the set of cortical and trabecular bones. The results show that for non-linear contour conditions, the stress presents smaller value distributions and signals a different place in the screw-implant interface as the factor of the greater weight in this study. The location indicated that von Mises stress concentrations are not exclusive to the contact regions studied, moving to an area that is not in direct contact with the non-linear contact interfaces. In addition, the direction of load with an angle of 15 degrees presented the highest values of von Mises stress.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49273999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2021.146023
Yang Yang, N. D. Schiava, P. Kulisa, M. Hajem, B. Bou-Saïd, S. Simoëns, P. Lermusiaux
The main reason for the early failure of radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) is non-maturity, which means that the blood flow rate in the fistula cannot increase to the expected value for dialysis. From a mechanical perspective, the vascular resistance at the artificially designed anastomosis causes an energy loss that affects blood flow rate growth and leads to early failure. This research studied how to maximize the RCAVF maturity and primary patency by controlling the energy loss rate. We theoretically analyzed and derived a model that evaluates the energy loss rate Eavf in RCAVF as a function of its blood vessel geometric parameters (GPs) for given flow rates. There was an aggregate of five controllable GPs in RCAVF: radial artery diameter (Dra), cephalic vein diameter (Dcv), blood vessel distance between artery and vein (h), anastomotic diameter (Da), and anastomotic angle (θ). Through this analysis, it was found that Eavf was inversely proportional to Dra, Dcv, Da, and θ, whereas proportional to h. Therefore, we recommended surgeons choose the vessels with large diameters, close distance, and increase the diameter and angle of the anastomosis to decrease the early failure of RCAVF. Simultaneously, we could explain the results of many clinical empiricisms with our formula. We found that increasing Dcv and θ was more significant in reducing Eavf than increasing Dra and Da. Based on our model, we could define two critical energy loss rates (CELa, CELb) to help surgeons evaluate the blood vessels and choose the ideal range of θ, and help them design the preoperative RCAVF plan for each patient to increase the maturity and the primary patency of RCAVF.
{"title":"Optimization of Maturation of Radio-Cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Using a Model Relating Energy Loss Rate and Vascular Geometric Parameters","authors":"Yang Yang, N. D. Schiava, P. Kulisa, M. Hajem, B. Bou-Saïd, S. Simoëns, P. Lermusiaux","doi":"10.4236/jbise.2021.146023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2021.146023","url":null,"abstract":"The main reason for the early failure of radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) is non-maturity, which means that the blood flow rate in the fistula cannot increase to the expected value for dialysis. From a mechanical perspective, the vascular resistance at the artificially designed anastomosis causes an energy loss that affects blood flow rate growth and leads to early failure. This research studied how to maximize the RCAVF maturity and primary patency by controlling the energy loss rate. We theoretically analyzed and derived a model that evaluates the energy loss rate Eavf in RCAVF as a function of its blood vessel geometric parameters (GPs) for given flow rates. There was an aggregate of five controllable GPs in RCAVF: radial artery diameter (Dra), cephalic vein diameter (Dcv), blood vessel distance between artery and vein (h), anastomotic diameter (Da), and anastomotic angle (θ). Through this analysis, it was found that Eavf was inversely proportional to Dra, Dcv, Da, and θ, whereas proportional to h. Therefore, we recommended surgeons choose the vessels with large diameters, close distance, and increase the diameter and angle of the anastomosis to decrease the early failure of RCAVF. Simultaneously, we could explain the results of many clinical empiricisms with our formula. We found that increasing Dcv and θ was more significant in reducing Eavf than increasing Dra and Da. Based on our model, we could define two critical energy loss rates (CELa, CELb) to help surgeons evaluate the blood vessels and choose the ideal range of θ, and help them design the preoperative RCAVF plan for each patient to increase the maturity and the primary patency of RCAVF.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48917262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.145017
D. Hart
Currently, there is an obesity epidemic in the developed world, with both adults and children being affected. The consequences of this epidemic on health and health outcomes have impact at multiple levels, and it is increasing. The basis for this epidemic, which appears to have emerged with significance ~40 - 50 years ago, is unknown but is believed by many to have much of its basis in poor diets and inactivity/sedentary behaviour. Analysis of the human genome has revealed >100 loci which exhibit risk for development of obesity. Why there are so many loci, and how they benefited humans evolutionarily are unknown. In spite of these limitations, there are urgent needs for effective short-term interventions to assist those with obesity, as well as longer-term needs to effectively prevent development of obesity. For the former, personalized exercise programs, use of prebiotics, optimal nutrition and surgical interventions can be effective for some individuals but more interventions that address cause are also needed. For longer term solutions more detailed genetic and epigenetic understanding of risk will be required. An attractive speculation is that the genomic risk factors for obesity (>100 identified) have been retained evolutionarily to address acute metabolic needs and current conditions have converted such risks to a chronic state, making reversal more difficult and with more consequences, including possible epigenetic modifications of risk genes. Other contributing factors to chronic obesity could also relate to chemical disruptors in the environment over the past 50+ years which may impact metabolic regulation via the established risk genomic risk factors or new variants. Therefore, to effectively control this high impact epidemic of obesity likely requires a more detailed genetic and epigenetic analysis of families with obesity and analysis of isolated populations, as well as a more thorough investigation of chemicals capable of being metabolic disruptors in this regard. Thus, the long-term solution(s) to the obesity epidemic will require a concerted multidisciplinary approach that may be more complex than just becoming more active and avoiding sedentary behavior.
{"title":"Obesity, the Obesity Epidemic, and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Conundrum Presented by the Disconnect between Evolution and Modern Societies","authors":"D. Hart","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.145017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.145017","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is an obesity epidemic in the developed world, with both adults and children being affected. The consequences of this epidemic on health and health outcomes have impact at multiple levels, and it is increasing. The basis for this epidemic, which appears to have emerged with significance ~40 - 50 years ago, is unknown but is believed by many to have much of its basis in poor diets and inactivity/sedentary behaviour. Analysis of the human genome has revealed >100 loci which exhibit risk for development of obesity. Why there are so many loci, and how they benefited humans evolutionarily are unknown. In spite of these limitations, there are urgent needs for effective short-term interventions to assist those with obesity, as well as longer-term needs to effectively prevent development of obesity. For the former, personalized exercise programs, use of prebiotics, optimal nutrition and surgical interventions can be effective for some individuals but more interventions that address cause are also needed. For longer term solutions more detailed genetic and epigenetic understanding of risk will be required. An attractive speculation is that the genomic risk factors for obesity (>100 identified) have been retained evolutionarily to address acute metabolic needs and current conditions have converted such risks to a chronic state, making reversal more difficult and with more consequences, including possible epigenetic modifications of risk genes. Other contributing factors to chronic obesity could also relate to chemical disruptors in the environment over the past 50+ years which may impact metabolic regulation via the established risk genomic risk factors or new variants. Therefore, to effectively control this high impact epidemic of obesity likely requires a more detailed genetic and epigenetic analysis of families with obesity and analysis of isolated populations, as well as a more thorough investigation of chemicals capable of being metabolic disruptors in this regard. Thus, the long-term solution(s) to the obesity epidemic will require a concerted multidisciplinary approach that may be more complex than just becoming more active and avoiding sedentary behavior.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47297499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.144016
S. Martinez, A. P. Benavent, Juan Martinez
,
，
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of a Vision-Based UI for People with Large Cognitive-Motor Disabilities","authors":"S. Martinez, A. P. Benavent, Juan Martinez","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.144016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.144016","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43649603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.144015
Razaz M. Salih, Eltahir M. Husein, E. Hassan
The recognition and management of risk in donation process and blood product is critical to ensure donor and patient safety. To achieve this goal, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a convenient method; moreover it was used to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and look at what could go strong at each step. This study aimed to utilize FMEA in central blood bank in Khartoum to evaluate the potential risk and adverse event that may occur during the donation process. According to the severity, occurrence and the detection of each failure mode, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to determine which of the failures should take priority to find a solution and applying corrective action to reduce the failure risk. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11 was used as descriptive and analytical statistics tool. The FMEA technique provides a systematic method for finding vulnerabilities in a process before they result in an error, and in this study a satisfactory outcome was reached.
{"title":"Risk Evaluation in Blood Donation Using Failure Mode and Effective Analysis","authors":"Razaz M. Salih, Eltahir M. Husein, E. Hassan","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.144015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.144015","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition and management of risk in donation process and blood product is critical to ensure donor and patient safety. To achieve this goal, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a convenient method; moreover it was used to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and look at what could go strong at each step. This study aimed to utilize FMEA in central blood bank in Khartoum to evaluate the potential risk and adverse event that may occur during the donation process. According to the severity, occurrence and the detection of each failure mode, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to determine which of the failures should take priority to find a solution and applying corrective action to reduce the failure risk. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11 was used as descriptive and analytical statistics tool. The FMEA technique provides a systematic method for finding vulnerabilities in a process before they result in an error, and in this study a satisfactory outcome was reached.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49666943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014
A. Anselmi, H. Corbineau, J. Verhoye, A. Drochon
Objective: In order to take a decision about the revascularization approach to be adopted, it is of fundamental importance to determine whether coronary artery stenoses induce ischemia or not. An index, named (Fractional Flow Reserve), based on pressure measurements has been proposed to this aim and is usually interpreted in terms of flows. The objective of this work is to compute simultaneously pressures and flow rates in the coronary network of patients with three-vessel disease, in order to study more precisely the relationship between these two quantities. Approach: 22 patients have been included in the study. Some pressure and flow rate measurements were collected during by-pass surgery. These clinical data allow determining parameters for a patient’s specific model, based on the electric/hydraulic analogy. Collateral pathways are included in the model, as well as the severity of the disease and the impact of revascularization. Main Results: For patients with stenoses on LAD, LCx, LMCA and occlusion of the RCA, the flow rate delivered to the right territory is of course a function of the aortic pressure, the left stenoses severity, and the pressure distal to the thrombosis. But it mainly depends on the capillary and collateral resistances, and on the proportion between them. Abnormal microvascular hemodynamics, may be present in patients with non-hemodynamic significant lesions as assessed by the pressure ratio. Complete revascularization with the 3 grafts is demonstrated to be fully justified. The direction of collateral flows may be reversed, depending on the pressure gradient. In any case, they remain low and become negligible when the 3 grafts are operating. Significance: Surgical decision based only on pressure measurements may miss some real hemodynamic problems due to the considered stenosis. This risk is even greater in case of serial stenoses.
{"title":"Impact of Revascularization on the Distal to Proximal Pressure Ratio in Case of Multiple Coronary Stenoses","authors":"A. Anselmi, H. Corbineau, J. Verhoye, A. Drochon","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In order to take a decision about the revascularization approach to be adopted, it is of fundamental importance to determine whether coronary artery stenoses induce ischemia or not. An index, named (Fractional Flow Reserve), based on pressure measurements has been proposed to this aim and is usually interpreted in terms of flows. The objective of this work is to compute simultaneously pressures and flow rates in the coronary network of patients with three-vessel disease, in order to study more precisely the relationship between these two quantities. Approach: 22 patients have been included in the study. Some pressure and flow rate measurements were collected during by-pass surgery. These clinical data allow determining parameters for a patient’s specific model, based on the electric/hydraulic analogy. Collateral pathways are included in the model, as well as the severity of the disease and the impact of revascularization. Main Results: For patients with stenoses on LAD, LCx, LMCA and occlusion of the RCA, the flow rate delivered to the right territory is of course a function of the aortic pressure, the left stenoses severity, and the pressure distal to the thrombosis. But it mainly depends on the capillary and collateral resistances, and on the proportion between them. Abnormal microvascular hemodynamics, may be present in patients with non-hemodynamic significant lesions as assessed by the pressure ratio. Complete revascularization with the 3 grafts is demonstrated to be fully justified. The direction of collateral flows may be reversed, depending on the pressure gradient. In any case, they remain low and become negligible when the 3 grafts are operating. Significance: Surgical decision based only on pressure measurements may miss some real hemodynamic problems due to the considered stenosis. This risk is even greater in case of serial stenoses.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"142-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143013
Heqiu Ruan, L. Zhan, Zi-Fan Wang, Mengjuan Xia, Zhichao Ma, S. Fu, Xin-ping Chen
Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene polymorphisms of the Li people in Hainan Island. Method: Selecting 502 high school students of the Li people from five cities and counties in Hainan Island (namely, Qiongzhong County, Dongfang City, Ledong County, Baoting County and Wuzhishan City) as research subjects in September, 2019; Applying PCR-fluorescence probe method to detect SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes of the Li people in Hainan Island, and statistically analyzing the distribution characteristics of gene frequency and the distribution differences in gene polymorphisms between different genders. Meanwhile, detecting the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene of 527 people from the Han people in five regions mentioned before, so as to analyze the distribution differences of the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene between the Han people and the Li people. Results: The frequency of each genotype of SLCO1B1 in the Li people in Hainan Island is: *1a/*1a 6.77%, *1a/*1b 27.09%, *1b/1b 41.63%, *1a/*5 0.00%, *1a/*15 4.78%, *1b/15 16.93%., *5/*5 0.00%, *5/*15 0.00%, *15/*15 2.79%; And that of ApoE is: e2/e2 0.40%, e2/e3 17.73%, e2/e4 2.39%, e3/e3 65.54%, e3/e4 12.55%, e4/e4 1.39%. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in other genotypes except weak metabolic genotypes (*5/*5, *5/*15 and *15/*15) between the Han and the Li peoples. Conclusion: The gene frequency of SLCO1B1 weak metabolic genotype is dramatically higher in the Li people of Hainan Island than that of the Han people in both Hainan Island and Central and South China, but there is no significant difference in ApoE gene frequency among them. Therefore, clinicians should adjust the dosage of statins and select the types of lipid-lowering drugs according to the differences in patients’ genotypes, and strengthen the management of patients with ApoE4 risk gene.
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