Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014
A. Anselmi, H. Corbineau, J. Verhoye, A. Drochon
Objective: In order to take a decision about the revascularization approach to be adopted, it is of fundamental importance to determine whether coronary artery stenoses induce ischemia or not. An index, named (Fractional Flow Reserve), based on pressure measurements has been proposed to this aim and is usually interpreted in terms of flows. The objective of this work is to compute simultaneously pressures and flow rates in the coronary network of patients with three-vessel disease, in order to study more precisely the relationship between these two quantities. Approach: 22 patients have been included in the study. Some pressure and flow rate measurements were collected during by-pass surgery. These clinical data allow determining parameters for a patient’s specific model, based on the electric/hydraulic analogy. Collateral pathways are included in the model, as well as the severity of the disease and the impact of revascularization. Main Results: For patients with stenoses on LAD, LCx, LMCA and occlusion of the RCA, the flow rate delivered to the right territory is of course a function of the aortic pressure, the left stenoses severity, and the pressure distal to the thrombosis. But it mainly depends on the capillary and collateral resistances, and on the proportion between them. Abnormal microvascular hemodynamics, may be present in patients with non-hemodynamic significant lesions as assessed by the pressure ratio. Complete revascularization with the 3 grafts is demonstrated to be fully justified. The direction of collateral flows may be reversed, depending on the pressure gradient. In any case, they remain low and become negligible when the 3 grafts are operating. Significance: Surgical decision based only on pressure measurements may miss some real hemodynamic problems due to the considered stenosis. This risk is even greater in case of serial stenoses.
{"title":"Impact of Revascularization on the Distal to Proximal Pressure Ratio in Case of Multiple Coronary Stenoses","authors":"A. Anselmi, H. Corbineau, J. Verhoye, A. Drochon","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In order to take a decision about the revascularization approach to be adopted, it is of fundamental importance to determine whether coronary artery stenoses induce ischemia or not. An index, named (Fractional Flow Reserve), based on pressure measurements has been proposed to this aim and is usually interpreted in terms of flows. The objective of this work is to compute simultaneously pressures and flow rates in the coronary network of patients with three-vessel disease, in order to study more precisely the relationship between these two quantities. Approach: 22 patients have been included in the study. Some pressure and flow rate measurements were collected during by-pass surgery. These clinical data allow determining parameters for a patient’s specific model, based on the electric/hydraulic analogy. Collateral pathways are included in the model, as well as the severity of the disease and the impact of revascularization. Main Results: For patients with stenoses on LAD, LCx, LMCA and occlusion of the RCA, the flow rate delivered to the right territory is of course a function of the aortic pressure, the left stenoses severity, and the pressure distal to the thrombosis. But it mainly depends on the capillary and collateral resistances, and on the proportion between them. Abnormal microvascular hemodynamics, may be present in patients with non-hemodynamic significant lesions as assessed by the pressure ratio. Complete revascularization with the 3 grafts is demonstrated to be fully justified. The direction of collateral flows may be reversed, depending on the pressure gradient. In any case, they remain low and become negligible when the 3 grafts are operating. Significance: Surgical decision based only on pressure measurements may miss some real hemodynamic problems due to the considered stenosis. This risk is even greater in case of serial stenoses.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"142-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143013
Heqiu Ruan, L. Zhan, Zi-Fan Wang, Mengjuan Xia, Zhichao Ma, S. Fu, Xin-ping Chen
Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene polymorphisms of the Li people in Hainan Island. Method: Selecting 502 high school students of the Li people from five cities and counties in Hainan Island (namely, Qiongzhong County, Dongfang City, Ledong County, Baoting County and Wuzhishan City) as research subjects in September, 2019; Applying PCR-fluorescence probe method to detect SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes of the Li people in Hainan Island, and statistically analyzing the distribution characteristics of gene frequency and the distribution differences in gene polymorphisms between different genders. Meanwhile, detecting the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene of 527 people from the Han people in five regions mentioned before, so as to analyze the distribution differences of the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene between the Han people and the Li people. Results: The frequency of each genotype of SLCO1B1 in the Li people in Hainan Island is: *1a/*1a 6.77%, *1a/*1b 27.09%, *1b/1b 41.63%, *1a/*5 0.00%, *1a/*15 4.78%, *1b/15 16.93%., *5/*5 0.00%, *5/*15 0.00%, *15/*15 2.79%; And that of ApoE is: e2/e2 0.40%, e2/e3 17.73%, e2/e4 2.39%, e3/e3 65.54%, e3/e4 12.55%, e4/e4 1.39%. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in other genotypes except weak metabolic genotypes (*5/*5, *5/*15 and *15/*15) between the Han and the Li peoples. Conclusion: The gene frequency of SLCO1B1 weak metabolic genotype is dramatically higher in the Li people of Hainan Island than that of the Han people in both Hainan Island and Central and South China, but there is no significant difference in ApoE gene frequency among them. Therefore, clinicians should adjust the dosage of statins and select the types of lipid-lowering drugs according to the differences in patients’ genotypes, and strengthen the management of patients with ApoE4 risk gene.
{"title":"SLCO1B1 & ApoE Gene Polymorphism Analysis of the Li People in Hainan Island and Its Clinical Significance","authors":"Heqiu Ruan, L. Zhan, Zi-Fan Wang, Mengjuan Xia, Zhichao Ma, S. Fu, Xin-ping Chen","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene polymorphisms of the Li people in Hainan Island. Method: Selecting 502 high school students of the Li people from five cities and counties in Hainan Island (namely, Qiongzhong County, Dongfang City, Ledong County, Baoting County and Wuzhishan City) as research subjects in September, 2019; Applying PCR-fluorescence probe method to detect SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes of the Li people in Hainan Island, and statistically analyzing the distribution characteristics of gene frequency and the distribution differences in gene polymorphisms between different genders. Meanwhile, detecting the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene of 527 people from the Han people in five regions mentioned before, so as to analyze the distribution differences of the SLCO1B1 and ApoE gene between the Han people and the Li people. Results: The frequency of each genotype of SLCO1B1 in the Li people in Hainan Island is: *1a/*1a 6.77%, *1a/*1b 27.09%, *1b/1b 41.63%, *1a/*5 0.00%, *1a/*15 4.78%, *1b/15 16.93%., *5/*5 0.00%, *5/*15 0.00%, *15/*15 2.79%; And that of ApoE is: e2/e2 0.40%, e2/e3 17.73%, e2/e4 2.39%, e3/e3 65.54%, e3/e4 12.55%, e4/e4 1.39%. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in other genotypes except weak metabolic genotypes (*5/*5, *5/*15 and *15/*15) between the Han and the Li peoples. Conclusion: The gene frequency of SLCO1B1 weak metabolic genotype is dramatically higher in the Li people of Hainan Island than that of the Han people in both Hainan Island and Central and South China, but there is no significant difference in ApoE gene frequency among them. Therefore, clinicians should adjust the dosage of statins and select the types of lipid-lowering drugs according to the differences in patients’ genotypes, and strengthen the management of patients with ApoE4 risk gene.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42587313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143010
Satoshi Suzuki, M. Hoshiga, K. Kotani, T. Asao
The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for monitoring this waveform is not frequently used because it requires a high degree of skill. The aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of a prototype non-contact system that employs microwave radar (24 GHz, 7 mW; non-contact system) for JVP measurement. Experiments were conducted on eight healthy male volunteers (21.88 ± 0.99 years). JVP measurements were compared between the conventional contact method and the proposed non-contact method. Change in JVP waveform was measured in response to an angle of reclining in five steps from the supine position to 75° of elevation. The obtained JVP measurements were similar between the two methods. Because in the non-contact method the faint pulsation of the JVP is not suppressed by the pressure of a sensor placed on the skin, the prototype microwave radar system is particularly suitable for evaluating the JVP waveform.
{"title":"Assessment of Non-Contact Measurement Using a Microwave Sensor to Jugular Venous Pulse Monitoring","authors":"Satoshi Suzuki, M. Hoshiga, K. Kotani, T. Asao","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143010","url":null,"abstract":"The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for monitoring this waveform is not frequently used because it requires a high degree of skill. The aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of a prototype non-contact system that employs microwave radar (24 GHz, 7 mW; non-contact system) for JVP measurement. Experiments were conducted on eight healthy male volunteers (21.88 ± 0.99 years). JVP measurements were compared between the conventional contact method and the proposed non-contact method. Change in JVP waveform was measured in response to an angle of reclining in five steps from the supine position to 75° of elevation. The obtained JVP measurements were similar between the two methods. Because in the non-contact method the faint pulsation of the JVP is not suppressed by the pressure of a sensor placed on the skin, the prototype microwave radar system is particularly suitable for evaluating the JVP waveform.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42916028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.143012
M. Arias, A. Lopez, M. Vilaseca, B. Vallès, R. Prieto, M. Simó, J. A. Valle, R. C. C. R. Valle, F. M. Bezerra, Jordi Puiggalí Bellalta
The fight against nosocomial infections in hospitals, has promoted the use of microencapsulated essential oils on medical wearing uniforms. These types of microcapsules can be improved with the use of antimicrobial polymers in the shell structure. Chitosan is one of the most used biopolymers and the effectiveness of the treatment can be increased with the combination of different molecular weight chains of chitosan. This modification in the composition of shell structure allows controlling the rate of hydrolysis and, therefore the amount of its cationic form. The main objective of this work is to define a methodology to get microcapsules with different shell compositions, using surfactants as stabilizers in their first step. Once they have been obtained, these microcapsules will be fixed into textile substrates with the objective to use these tissues as surgical and medical clothes to spread the antibacterial effect, in sanitary staff, as well as in the own patient. In the process of microencapsulation the molecular weight distribution of polymers, influences strongly the delivery mechanisms of the active principle, as well as the chemical characteristics of the textile substrate used in every case. In this work, several chitosan biopolymers have been checked. Structural changes in the stabilization first step and the influence of the cross-linking extension have been related with the final antibacterial effect when fixed on cotton substrates.
{"title":"Influence of Chitosan Characteristics in the Microencapsulation of Essential Oils","authors":"M. Arias, A. Lopez, M. Vilaseca, B. Vallès, R. Prieto, M. Simó, J. A. Valle, R. C. C. R. Valle, F. M. Bezerra, Jordi Puiggalí Bellalta","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143012","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against nosocomial infections in hospitals, has promoted the use of microencapsulated essential oils on medical wearing uniforms. These types of microcapsules can be improved with the use of antimicrobial polymers in the shell structure. Chitosan is one of the most used biopolymers and the effectiveness of the treatment can be increased with the combination of different molecular weight chains of chitosan. This modification in the composition of shell structure allows controlling the rate of hydrolysis and, therefore the amount of its cationic form. The main objective of this work is to define a methodology to get microcapsules with different shell compositions, using surfactants as stabilizers in their first step. Once they have been obtained, these microcapsules will be fixed into textile substrates with the objective to use these tissues as surgical and medical clothes to spread the antibacterial effect, in sanitary staff, as well as in the own patient. In the process of microencapsulation the molecular weight distribution of polymers, influences strongly the delivery mechanisms of the active principle, as well as the chemical characteristics of the textile substrate used in every case. In this work, several chitosan biopolymers have been checked. Structural changes in the stabilization first step and the influence of the cross-linking extension have been related with the final antibacterial effect when fixed on cotton substrates.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores an automated framework to assist the recognition of hemorrhage traces and bleeding lesions in video streams of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The proposed methodology aims to achieve fast image control (<10 minutes), save valuable time of the physicians, and enable high performance diagnosis. A specialized elimination algorithm excludes all identical consecutive frames by utilizing the difference of gray levels in pixel luminance. An image filtering algorithm is proposed based on an experimentally calculated bleeding index and blood-color chart, which inspects all remaining frames of the footage and identifies pixels that reflect active or potential hemorrhage in color. The bleeding index and blood-color chart are estimated of the chromatic thresholds in RGB and HSV color spaces, and have been extracted after experimenting with more than 3200 training images, derived from 99 videos of a pool of 138 patients. The dataset has been provided by a team of expert gastroenterologist surgeons, who have also evaluated the results. The proposed algorithms are tested on a set of more than 1000 selected frame samples from the entire 39 testing videos, to a prevalence of 50% pathologic frames (balanced dataset). The frame elimination of identical and consecutive frames achieved a reduction of 36% of total frames. The best statistical performance for diagnosis of positive pathological frames from a video stream is achieved by utilizing masks in the HSV color model, with sensitivity up to 99%, precision 94.41% to a prevalence of 50%, accuracy up to 96.1%, FNR 1%, FPR 6.8%. The estimated blood-color chart will be clinically validated and used in feature extraction schemes supporting machine learning ML algorithms to improve the localization potential.
{"title":"Improving CAD Hemorrhage Detection in Capsule Endoscopy","authors":"Polydorou Alexios, Sergaki Eleftheria, Polydorou Andreas, Barbagiannis Christos, Vardiambasis Ioannis, G. Giakos, Zervakis Michail","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.143011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.143011","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores an automated framework to assist the recognition of hemorrhage traces and bleeding lesions in video streams of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The proposed methodology aims to achieve fast image control (<10 minutes), save valuable time of the physicians, and enable high performance diagnosis. A specialized elimination algorithm excludes all identical consecutive frames by utilizing the difference of gray levels in pixel luminance. An image filtering algorithm is proposed based on an experimentally calculated bleeding index and blood-color chart, which inspects all remaining frames of the footage and identifies pixels that reflect active or potential hemorrhage in color. The bleeding index and blood-color chart are estimated of the chromatic thresholds in RGB and HSV color spaces, and have been extracted after experimenting with more than 3200 training images, derived from 99 videos of a pool of 138 patients. The dataset has been provided by a team of expert gastroenterologist surgeons, who have also evaluated the results. The proposed algorithms are tested on a set of more than 1000 selected frame samples from the entire 39 testing videos, to a prevalence of 50% pathologic frames (balanced dataset). The frame elimination of identical and consecutive frames achieved a reduction of 36% of total frames. The best statistical performance for diagnosis of positive pathological frames from a video stream is achieved by utilizing masks in the HSV color model, with sensitivity up to 99%, precision 94.41% to a prevalence of 50%, accuracy up to 96.1%, FNR 1%, FPR 6.8%. The estimated blood-color chart will be clinically validated and used in feature extraction schemes supporting machine learning ML algorithms to improve the localization potential.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"103-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.142006
A. Prombonas, N. Poulis, E. Prombonas
In the present study, an aero pneumatic fatigue testing machine for complete dentures was designed, fabricated, and tested for the evaluation of the fatigue life of reinforced complete upper denture (CUD). On completion and testing, it was observed that the machine has the potential of generating reliable number of cyclic data. The machine’s performance was evaluated using test specimens of identical CUDs that were machined in conformity with standard procedures. The fatigue machine compressed the lower dental arch over the upper denture-specimen in centric occlusion, in the same way that the two masticatory muscles pull the lower jaw over the upper jaw during chewing. The incorporation of glass fibres into the CUD using a sandwich technique quadruples the lifespan of the denture (P = 0.004). The low standard deviation, along with the low coefficient of variation (CV) of the group of unreinforced dentures shows the repeatability of the results and the reliability of the machine. The high standard deviation and coefficient of variation of reinforced dentures was expected, since a high variation of results is usually recorded in fibre reinforcement cases. This research confirmed the view that the crack during denture fracture initiates in the anterior palatal area and propagates to the posterior.
{"title":"Estimation of Fatigue Strength of Reinforced Complete Upper Denture Using a Newly Designed Testing Machine: A Laboratory Research Project","authors":"A. Prombonas, N. Poulis, E. Prombonas","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.142006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.142006","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, an aero pneumatic fatigue testing machine for complete dentures was designed, fabricated, and tested for the evaluation of the fatigue life of reinforced complete upper denture (CUD). On completion and testing, it was observed that the machine has the potential of generating reliable number of cyclic data. The machine’s performance was evaluated using test specimens of identical CUDs that were machined in conformity with standard procedures. The fatigue machine compressed the lower dental arch over the upper denture-specimen in centric occlusion, in the same way that the two masticatory muscles pull the lower jaw over the upper jaw during chewing. The incorporation of glass fibres into the CUD using a sandwich technique quadruples the lifespan of the denture (P = 0.004). The low standard deviation, along with the low coefficient of variation (CV) of the group of unreinforced dentures shows the repeatability of the results and the reliability of the machine. The high standard deviation and coefficient of variation of reinforced dentures was expected, since a high variation of results is usually recorded in fibre reinforcement cases. This research confirmed the view that the crack during denture fracture initiates in the anterior palatal area and propagates to the posterior.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44973549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.142004
Chanjugaa Uthayakumar, S. Kotalawala
“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the aid of trials using Biopsy, ultrasound scan and molecular techniques, scientists explained an authentic evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression is ultimately because of obesity and its commodities, such as Cardio vascular diseases, Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome. This review mainly focuses on how obesity leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on statistical analysis of different research studies conducted by the research scientists. In the analysis of 1980-2003, out of 505 individuals, 305 were affected with NAFLD and among them, 64.3% were obese. In the analysis of the period of 1996-2002, out of 550 NAFLD patients, 70.36% were obese. Also in the analysis of 2010-2015 period of time, mostly 90% of the NAFLD patients were obese. It was also revealed that, along with NAFLD and obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia also exist as the commodities of obesity. Attention of medical field is towards the treatment and analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is expected to be the reason of liver transplant by 2020.
{"title":"Impact of Obesity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Chanjugaa Uthayakumar, S. Kotalawala","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.142004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.142004","url":null,"abstract":"“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the aid of trials using Biopsy, ultrasound scan and molecular techniques, scientists explained an authentic evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression is ultimately because of obesity and its commodities, such as Cardio vascular diseases, Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome. This review mainly focuses on how obesity leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on statistical analysis of different research studies conducted by the research scientists. In the analysis of 1980-2003, out of 505 individuals, 305 were affected with NAFLD and among them, 64.3% were obese. In the analysis of the period of 1996-2002, out of 550 NAFLD patients, 70.36% were obese. Also in the analysis of 2010-2015 period of time, mostly 90% of the NAFLD patients were obese. It was also revealed that, along with NAFLD and obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia also exist as the commodities of obesity. Attention of medical field is towards the treatment and analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is expected to be the reason of liver transplant by 2020.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47854130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.141002
S. Haber, A. Tsuda
We hypothesized that liquid menisci occlusions may form inside small airways, travel along the airway while losing mass and finally may disintegrate into bioaerosols. Spreading of the COVID-19 virus is strongly related to the number of such bioaerosols exhaled by “super-spreaders”. We show, employing numerical methods, that this number can be diminished by administering surfactants which lower the surface-tension of the mucus which covers the airways.
{"title":"Can We Diminish Spreading of the COVID-19 Pandemic?","authors":"S. Haber, A. Tsuda","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.141002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.141002","url":null,"abstract":"We hypothesized that liquid menisci occlusions may form inside small airways, travel along the airway while losing mass and finally may disintegrate into bioaerosols. Spreading of the COVID-19 virus is strongly related to the number of such bioaerosols exhaled by “super-spreaders”. We show, employing numerical methods, that this number can be diminished by administering surfactants which lower the surface-tension of the mucus which covers the airways.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44436248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.141003
R. Sakai, K. Uchiyama, Kensuke Fukushima, N. Takahira, K. Yoshida, M. Ujihira
Failure during total hip arthroplasty may lead to bedridden of the elderly. Since the acetabulum cup fix in an anatomically deep region, failures, such as loosening and fracture, occur three times more frequently compared with failures of the stem fix in the femur. We investigated the possibility of evaluating whether fixation was acquired by frequency analysis of the hammering sound of implanting a cup into the acetabulum. The subjects were 11 patients (11 joints) who underwent total hip arthroplasty, biomechanical test materials, and orthopedic models. Surgeries and experiments were performed by orthopedists specialized in the hip. A system was constructed with a tablet PC and directional microphone, the peak frequency at which the amplitude reached the maximum was determined, and judgment processing (stable, unstable) of cup fixability was performed in real time. The stable maximum peak frequency observed in the clinical trials was 4.42 ± 4.02 kHz. The mean stable maximum peak frequency in the biomechanical tests was 4.46 ± 1.19 kHz in biomechanical test materials and 4.56 ± 2.02 kHz in orthopaedicmodels. When hammering was continued, the frequency leading to fracture decreased in both biomechanical test materials and orthopaedicmodels. In conclusion, in clinical trials and biomechanical studies, variation of the maximum peak frequency decreased when fixation was acquired and the frequency stabilized. It was suggested that this method can serve as a fixability evaluation method of acetabular cups because analysis can be performed in real time during surgery, for which prevention of intraoperative fracture can be expected.
{"title":"Hammering Sound Frequency Analysis to Fix an Acetabular Cup during Total Hip Arthroplasty: Clinical Trials and Biomechanical Studies","authors":"R. Sakai, K. Uchiyama, Kensuke Fukushima, N. Takahira, K. Yoshida, M. Ujihira","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.141003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.141003","url":null,"abstract":"Failure during total hip arthroplasty may lead to bedridden of the elderly. Since the acetabulum cup fix in an anatomically deep region, failures, such as loosening and fracture, occur three times more frequently compared with failures of the stem fix in the femur. We investigated the possibility of evaluating whether fixation was acquired by frequency analysis of the hammering sound of implanting a cup into the acetabulum. The subjects were 11 patients (11 joints) who underwent total hip arthroplasty, biomechanical test materials, and orthopedic models. Surgeries and experiments were performed by orthopedists specialized in the hip. A system was constructed with a tablet PC and directional microphone, the peak frequency at which the amplitude reached the maximum was determined, and judgment processing (stable, unstable) of cup fixability was performed in real time. The stable maximum peak frequency observed in the clinical trials was 4.42 ± 4.02 kHz. The mean stable maximum peak frequency in the biomechanical tests was 4.46 ± 1.19 kHz in biomechanical test materials and 4.56 ± 2.02 kHz in orthopaedicmodels. When hammering was continued, the frequency leading to fracture decreased in both biomechanical test materials and orthopaedicmodels. In conclusion, in clinical trials and biomechanical studies, variation of the maximum peak frequency decreased when fixation was acquired and the frequency stabilized. It was suggested that this method can serve as a fixability evaluation method of acetabular cups because analysis can be performed in real time during surgery, for which prevention of intraoperative fracture can be expected.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.4236/JBISE.2021.141001
Jaejong Park, F. Haque, Achille Louodom Chedjou, Michael J. Miller, Alok Sutradhar
Although a positive cosmetic outcome is an important goal of breast cancer reconstruction, the objective analysis of breast aesthetics has yet to reach a gold standard or unified method to quantify breast symmetry. Several scoring systems, both subjective and objective, have been developed over the years to ensure the desirable outcome in breast symmetry, but these methods have yet to reach the unanimous acceptance in terms of accuracy, value and ease of use to be implemented in the clinical setting. By assessing several existing symmetry scores, most of which are based on 2D imaging, along with our own set of symmetry parameters applied to 3D patient images, the goal of this study is to determine if there is an advantage of 3D imaging in formulating an accurate objective breast aesthetic score over the existing objective scores. A reliable breast aesthetic score would improve the decision-making in surgery as well as improve patient satisfaction. Additionally, knowing the quantity and degree of breast asymmetry objectively will improve outcome and reduce revision rates, minimizing patient suffering and improving the overall quality of patient life and body image.
{"title":"Breast Asymmetry Evaluation Using Objective Measures after Breast Cancer Surgery","authors":"Jaejong Park, F. Haque, Achille Louodom Chedjou, Michael J. Miller, Alok Sutradhar","doi":"10.4236/JBISE.2021.141001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBISE.2021.141001","url":null,"abstract":"Although a positive cosmetic outcome is an important goal of breast cancer reconstruction, the objective analysis of breast aesthetics has yet to reach a gold standard or unified method to quantify breast symmetry. Several scoring systems, both subjective and objective, have been developed over the years to ensure the desirable outcome in breast symmetry, but these methods have yet to reach the unanimous acceptance in terms of accuracy, value and ease of use to be implemented in the clinical setting. By assessing several existing symmetry scores, most of which are based on 2D imaging, along with our own set of symmetry parameters applied to 3D patient images, the goal of this study is to determine if there is an advantage of 3D imaging in formulating an accurate objective breast aesthetic score over the existing objective scores. A reliable breast aesthetic score would improve the decision-making in surgery as well as improve patient satisfaction. Additionally, knowing the quantity and degree of breast asymmetry objectively will improve outcome and reduce revision rates, minimizing patient suffering and improving the overall quality of patient life and body image.","PeriodicalId":64231,"journal":{"name":"生物医学工程(英文)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43265787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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