Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172121
I. Rácz
A brief historical review is given of the early Hungarian contributions to the development of electrical science and of the early Hungarian electric power industry. The voltage levels of the national electric power system are indicated, and the main areas of high voltage/electrical insulation research are discussed. Examples depicting some of the research projects carried out at different universities and research institutes and their results are also discussed. Area considered are 750 kV power transmission, lightning protection, electrostatics, dielectric materials and insulators.<>
{"title":"The present situation of the high voltage/electrical insulation research in Hungary","authors":"I. Rácz","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172121","url":null,"abstract":"A brief historical review is given of the early Hungarian contributions to the development of electrical science and of the early Hungarian electric power industry. The voltage levels of the national electric power system are indicated, and the main areas of high voltage/electrical insulation research are discussed. Examples depicting some of the research projects carried out at different universities and research institutes and their results are also discussed. Area considered are 750 kV power transmission, lightning protection, electrostatics, dielectric materials and insulators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":"563-568 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73890608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172281
P.M. Vipin, G.R. Nagabhushana, B. N. Jayaram
The ageing of metal oxide surge arresters (MOSAs) under field operating conditions caused by a combination of electrical and thermal stresses is simulated in the laboratory in an attempt to characterize the degradation phenomena as well as to identify the significant indices of such a degradation. Other than the widely adopted leakage current index, the prospects of parameters such as barrier height, capacitance, tan delta, nonlinearity coefficient, and area ratio as sensitive degradation indices are studied. Also, the effect of electro-thermal aging on the V-I characteristics as a whole, up to the breakdown voltage of the MOSA, is presented. The simulation is carried out on a 'one day=one year' (of the arrester's field life) basis. The accelerated aging for this purpose followed an empirical transient electrical stress pattern, while the IEC guidelines were followed for selection of continuous operating voltage of the arrester and the scheme of thermal stresses.<>
{"title":"Investigations on electro-thermal ageing of metal oxide surge arrester elements: a realistic laboratory simulation","authors":"P.M. Vipin, G.R. Nagabhushana, B. N. Jayaram","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172281","url":null,"abstract":"The ageing of metal oxide surge arresters (MOSAs) under field operating conditions caused by a combination of electrical and thermal stresses is simulated in the laboratory in an attempt to characterize the degradation phenomena as well as to identify the significant indices of such a degradation. Other than the widely adopted leakage current index, the prospects of parameters such as barrier height, capacitance, tan delta, nonlinearity coefficient, and area ratio as sensitive degradation indices are studied. Also, the effect of electro-thermal aging on the V-I characteristics as a whole, up to the breakdown voltage of the MOSA, is presented. The simulation is carried out on a 'one day=one year' (of the arrester's field life) basis. The accelerated aging for this purpose followed an empirical transient electrical stress pattern, while the IEC guidelines were followed for selection of continuous operating voltage of the arrester and the scheme of thermal stresses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"67 1","pages":"1152-1155 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75589418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172068
R. García, R. Bosignoli, E. Gomes
Presents an analysis of the influence of pollution distribution on insulator surfaces, considering service conditions. The main subjects considered are the utilization of equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) to measure site severities and the simulation of natural pollution distribution by artificial pollution test methods to represent it in the laboratory. Results show that special care must be taken when average SDD values are considered. The conclusions lead to a better representation of service conditions when the electrical behavior of polluted insulators is evaluated by artificial pollution methods at laboratories, regarding the influence of pollution concentration.<>
{"title":"Influence of the non-uniformity of pollution distribution on the electrical behavior of insulators","authors":"R. García, R. Bosignoli, E. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172068","url":null,"abstract":"Presents an analysis of the influence of pollution distribution on insulator surfaces, considering service conditions. The main subjects considered are the utilization of equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) to measure site severities and the simulation of natural pollution distribution by artificial pollution test methods to represent it in the laboratory. Results show that special care must be taken when average SDD values are considered. The conclusions lead to a better representation of service conditions when the electrical behavior of polluted insulators is evaluated by artificial pollution methods at laboratories, regarding the influence of pollution concentration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":"342-345 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75744672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172067
A. Vlastós, Y. Feiyu, V. Boubitsas
An attempt was made to study, in a natural environment, the influence of the insulator shed form on the pollution of the insulator and on its leakage current. Porcelain barrel insulators with eight different shed forms were energized by HVDC voltage and were exposed to natural pollution during a period of about four years in a site near a motorway. The insulators were energized with 100 kV DC voltage (DC power supply data: 100 kV, 400 mA) and their basic leakage current and the meteorological data were registered continuously by means of a data acquisition system. The SDD values of the polluted insulators were measured at intervals, especially after high leak current activities due to severe meteorological and pollution conditions.<>
{"title":"Influence of shed forms on the leakage currents of barrel insulators","authors":"A. Vlastós, Y. Feiyu, V. Boubitsas","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172067","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to study, in a natural environment, the influence of the insulator shed form on the pollution of the insulator and on its leakage current. Porcelain barrel insulators with eight different shed forms were energized by HVDC voltage and were exposed to natural pollution during a period of about four years in a site near a motorway. The insulators were energized with 100 kV DC voltage (DC power supply data: 100 kV, 400 mA) and their basic leakage current and the meteorological data were registered continuously by means of a data acquisition system. The SDD values of the polluted insulators were measured at intervals, especially after high leak current activities due to severe meteorological and pollution conditions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"338-341 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73688511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172073
M. Gunasekaran
Discusses polymer concrete insulator concepts for electric substation applications and the benefits that can result from the adoption of such concepts. It is noted that field experience with this material now spans well over a decade in some regions and the results obtained from the field clearly confirm its viability and its serious challenge to replace standard electrical porcelain and predominantly organic materials. Besides its excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, it also possesses significantly better damping characteristics, which are of great value in those parts of the world which are highly susceptible to dangerous seismic activity. The new insulator concepts are examined with reference to higher strength and ductility, continuity of structure/insulator connections, reduced weight/lightweight insulators, sheathing, and base isolation.<>
{"title":"Seismically superior substation insulator concepts based on polymer concrete","authors":"M. Gunasekaran","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172073","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses polymer concrete insulator concepts for electric substation applications and the benefits that can result from the adoption of such concepts. It is noted that field experience with this material now spans well over a decade in some regions and the results obtained from the field clearly confirm its viability and its serious challenge to replace standard electrical porcelain and predominantly organic materials. Besides its excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, it also possesses significantly better damping characteristics, which are of great value in those parts of the world which are highly susceptible to dangerous seismic activity. The new insulator concepts are examined with reference to higher strength and ductility, continuity of structure/insulator connections, reduced weight/lightweight insulators, sheathing, and base isolation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":"363-364 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72637770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172075
A. Cookson
Compressed SF/sub 6/ gas is the main high-voltage insulation medium in gas insulated equipment. Recent progress in studies of high-voltage breakdown in uniform, quasi-uniform, and nonuniform field systems is described. This includes time lags to breakdown, the effect of particle contamination, and the flashover of insulators. Significant progress has been made in developing models for calculating the breakdown voltage in uniform fields. Nonuniform field streamer and leader models have also been developed and have been applied to particle initiated breakdown. Recommendations are given for future work to clarify the mechanisms and critical parameters, particularly for the flashover of insulators.<>
{"title":"Review of high voltage gas breakdown and flashover of insulators in compressed sulfur hexafluoride","authors":"A. Cookson","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172075","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed SF/sub 6/ gas is the main high-voltage insulation medium in gas insulated equipment. Recent progress in studies of high-voltage breakdown in uniform, quasi-uniform, and nonuniform field systems is described. This includes time lags to breakdown, the effect of particle contamination, and the flashover of insulators. Significant progress has been made in developing models for calculating the breakdown voltage in uniform fields. Nonuniform field streamer and leader models have also been developed and have been applied to particle initiated breakdown. Recommendations are given for future work to clarify the mechanisms and critical parameters, particularly for the flashover of insulators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"292 1","pages":"369-376 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172195
R. Zhongyi, Gong Guoli, C. Bin, W. Lixin, Yuan Li
The relation between the electrical breakdown properties of binary gaseous mixtures of SF/sub 6/ with CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ and ternary gaseous mixtures of SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/, SF/sub 6//CO/sub 2/ with CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ was studied experimentally under different uniformity of field, different pressures, and different partial pressure ratios. The electrical strengths of the binary gaseous mixture SF/sub 6//CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ with 10-30% CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ clearly show a positive synergistic effect. The results also indicate that the electrical strengths of ternary gaseous mixtures such as SF/sub 6//N/sub 2//CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ with optimal partial pressure ratio can be increased to or exceed that of SF/sub 6/, and its cost approaches the cost of the binary gaseous mixture SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/=50/50.<>
{"title":"Positive synergistic effect of gaseous mixtures and its applications","authors":"R. Zhongyi, Gong Guoli, C. Bin, W. Lixin, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172195","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between the electrical breakdown properties of binary gaseous mixtures of SF/sub 6/ with CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ and ternary gaseous mixtures of SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/, SF/sub 6//CO/sub 2/ with CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ was studied experimentally under different uniformity of field, different pressures, and different partial pressure ratios. The electrical strengths of the binary gaseous mixture SF/sub 6//CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ with 10-30% CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ clearly show a positive synergistic effect. The results also indicate that the electrical strengths of ternary gaseous mixtures such as SF/sub 6//N/sub 2//CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ with optimal partial pressure ratio can be increased to or exceed that of SF/sub 6/, and its cost approaches the cost of the binary gaseous mixture SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/=50/50.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":"828-831 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77225175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172179
M. Aihara, Y. Ebinuma, M. Minami, M. Murakawa
An all-purpose insulation monitoring system for XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables in hot line has been developed. The system measures the dielectric dissipation factor and DC component of charging current, i.e., the two factors which are attracting much attention for evaluation of cable insulation in hot line, and detects water penetration and longitudinal temperature distribution in the cable. Water penetration and longitudinal temperature distribution in the cable are detected by a water-penetration sensor and an optical fiber, respectively, both built into the XLPE cable. The monitoring system has been installed in an actual circuit having a test cable, and a proof test is being conducted on the circuit.<>
{"title":"Insulation monitoring system for XLPE cable containing water sensor and optical fiber","authors":"M. Aihara, Y. Ebinuma, M. Minami, M. Murakawa","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172179","url":null,"abstract":"An all-purpose insulation monitoring system for XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables in hot line has been developed. The system measures the dielectric dissipation factor and DC component of charging current, i.e., the two factors which are attracting much attention for evaluation of cable insulation in hot line, and detects water penetration and longitudinal temperature distribution in the cable. Water penetration and longitudinal temperature distribution in the cable are detected by a water-penetration sensor and an optical fiber, respectively, both built into the XLPE cable. The monitoring system has been installed in an actual circuit having a test cable, and a proof test is being conducted on the circuit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":"765-768 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172242
S. Yamanaka, T. Fukuda, G. Sawa, M. Ieda, M. Ito, W. Kawakami
The authors have investigated the electrical properties, especially the conductivity and the dielectric characteristics in the ultraflow-frequency region of EPR with hard clay. They first investigated the relation between the electrical conductivity and the content of filler. It was found that, as the content of filler was increased, the conductivity decreased initially and then increased abruptly. The authors have explained the decrease and increase in conductivity by the action of carrier traps at the interface between the EPR and filler and the formation of highly conductive paths of the filler between the electrodes, respectively. Secondly, the authors studied the dielectric properties in the ultralow-frequency region which was obtained from the discharge current. The observed variation of the relaxation time with the filler can be interpreted as being due to the variation of cluster shapes in the composite materials.<>
{"title":"Electrical properties of EPR with filler","authors":"S. Yamanaka, T. Fukuda, G. Sawa, M. Ieda, M. Ito, W. Kawakami","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172242","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have investigated the electrical properties, especially the conductivity and the dielectric characteristics in the ultraflow-frequency region of EPR with hard clay. They first investigated the relation between the electrical conductivity and the content of filler. It was found that, as the content of filler was increased, the conductivity decreased initially and then increased abruptly. The authors have explained the decrease and increase in conductivity by the action of carrier traps at the interface between the EPR and filler and the formation of highly conductive paths of the filler between the electrodes, respectively. Secondly, the authors studied the dielectric properties in the ultralow-frequency region which was obtained from the discharge current. The observed variation of the relaxation time with the filler can be interpreted as being due to the variation of cluster shapes in the composite materials.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"125 1","pages":"1003-1006 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77925073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172286
T. Kubota, N. Yoshifuji, K. Yatsuka, M. Kuno, Y. Inoue, M. Watanabe
Discusses methods for obtaining stable spherulite diameters of LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene), and the electrical breakdown strength of LLDPE with controlled spherulites. Higher molecular weights are shown to cause lower-diameter spherulites. On the other hand, it seems that the spherulite diameter of an LLDPE whose MFR is from 0.35 to 20 is easily influenced by conditioning. The diameter of spherulites decreases with some additives which become the nuclei of spherulites. Crosslinking and adding some additives which became the nuclei of spherulites are effective methods to obtain low and stable diameter spherulites under various cooling conditions. The samples that have spherulites of lowered diameter with these methods show a higher tree initiating field.<>
{"title":"Electrical breakdown strength of polyolefin with controlled spherulites","authors":"T. Kubota, N. Yoshifuji, K. Yatsuka, M. Kuno, Y. Inoue, M. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172286","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses methods for obtaining stable spherulite diameters of LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene), and the electrical breakdown strength of LLDPE with controlled spherulites. Higher molecular weights are shown to cause lower-diameter spherulites. On the other hand, it seems that the spherulite diameter of an LLDPE whose MFR is from 0.35 to 20 is easily influenced by conditioning. The diameter of spherulites decreases with some additives which become the nuclei of spherulites. Crosslinking and adding some additives which became the nuclei of spherulites are effective methods to obtain low and stable diameter spherulites under various cooling conditions. The samples that have spherulites of lowered diameter with these methods show a higher tree initiating field.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1173-1176 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77985260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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