Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172019
M. Fukuzawa, M. Iwamoto
The authors investigated both the tree-initiation voltage and the length of the path generated in an LDPE (low-density polyethylene) specimen due to the electrical treeing under a needle-plane electrode system. They then measured both thermally stimulated current (TSC) and thermally stimulated surface potential (TSSP) generated in an LDPE specimen, which is biased by the application of either DC or AC voltage. The authors also investigated the mechanism of electrical breakdown initiated by the treeing by studying the relationship between the tree-initiation voltage determined by the experiment and the space charge field determined by the thermally stimulated electrical measurements. It was concluded that the distance between the centroid of the space charge formed in an LDPE film and the tip of the needle electrode was approximately the same as the length of the path generated by the electrical treeing.<>
{"title":"On the mechanism of electrical breakdown initiated by the treeing: measurement of the space charge field formed in an LDPE film","authors":"M. Fukuzawa, M. Iwamoto","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172019","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigated both the tree-initiation voltage and the length of the path generated in an LDPE (low-density polyethylene) specimen due to the electrical treeing under a needle-plane electrode system. They then measured both thermally stimulated current (TSC) and thermally stimulated surface potential (TSSP) generated in an LDPE specimen, which is biased by the application of either DC or AC voltage. The authors also investigated the mechanism of electrical breakdown initiated by the treeing by studying the relationship between the tree-initiation voltage determined by the experiment and the space charge field determined by the thermally stimulated electrical measurements. It was concluded that the distance between the centroid of the space charge formed in an LDPE film and the tip of the needle electrode was approximately the same as the length of the path generated by the electrical treeing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":"244-246 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172234
M. Abedi, B. Vahidi, M.R. Chatri
A highly interactive and user-friendly program called Lightning Analysis (LA) is introduced. The numerical execution is based on the two points method of J.G. Anderson (1982). LA is capable of predicting the shielding failure, back flashover, and total lightning tripout rates for different tower design and climatic conditions. LA is applied to assess the flashover (shielding failure) and back flashover across 400-kV insulators in Iran. The total tripout rates of Iranian 400-kV lines are presented.<>
{"title":"A PC based interactive software for lightning performance evaluation of transmission lines and its application to insulators of 400 kV lines in Iran","authors":"M. Abedi, B. Vahidi, M.R. Chatri","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172234","url":null,"abstract":"A highly interactive and user-friendly program called Lightning Analysis (LA) is introduced. The numerical execution is based on the two points method of J.G. Anderson (1982). LA is capable of predicting the shielding failure, back flashover, and total lightning tripout rates for different tower design and climatic conditions. LA is applied to assess the flashover (shielding failure) and back flashover across 400-kV insulators in Iran. The total tripout rates of Iranian 400-kV lines are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"85 1","pages":"969-971 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78140618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172258
M. Takeuchi
An effective dielectric constant of heterogeneous layers, in which BaTiO/sub 3/ particles are dispersed in a polymer mix, has been studied experimentally. When the experimental values of an effective dielectric constant for the BaTiO/sub 3/-polymer layers were plotted against the volume fraction of BaTiO/sub 3/, it was found that the experimental values were inside the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds and fit the van Beek theory. Changes in the effective dielectric constant for the Cu-particle-glycerinum system associated with the sedimentation of the Cu particles were also examined. The results obtained confirmed that the effective dielectric constant of a heterogeneous system changes, depending on the phase configuration, even at a constant volume fraction of each phase.<>
{"title":"An experimental study on the effective dielectric constant of heterogeneous media","authors":"M. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172258","url":null,"abstract":"An effective dielectric constant of heterogeneous layers, in which BaTiO/sub 3/ particles are dispersed in a polymer mix, has been studied experimentally. When the experimental values of an effective dielectric constant for the BaTiO/sub 3/-polymer layers were plotted against the volume fraction of BaTiO/sub 3/, it was found that the experimental values were inside the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds and fit the van Beek theory. Changes in the effective dielectric constant for the Cu-particle-glycerinum system associated with the sedimentation of the Cu particles were also examined. The results obtained confirmed that the effective dielectric constant of a heterogeneous system changes, depending on the phase configuration, even at a constant volume fraction of each phase.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":"1064-1067 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74782740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172047
M. Iwamoto, Shun-ichi Shidoh
The authors fabricated metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junctions having a structure of Au/polymide (PI)/squarylium-dye-arachidic(SQ-C20) mixed system by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, and then examined the electrical transport properties of the junctions. It was found that a PI LB film becomes a good electrical insulator even when the number of deposited layers is five. From capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement, it was found that a SQ-C20 multilayered film is depleted at the interface between the PI layer and the SQ-C20 layer even when the biasing voltage was zero millivolts, because positive excess charges are displaced from the gate-Au electrode to the PI layer as deposited. The PI layer incorporated in the junctions makes a significant contribution to the electrical conduction, and asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were obtained for the junctions.<>
{"title":"Electrical transport properties of polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett films incorporating MIS junctions fabricated by the LB technique","authors":"M. Iwamoto, Shun-ichi Shidoh","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172047","url":null,"abstract":"The authors fabricated metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junctions having a structure of Au/polymide (PI)/squarylium-dye-arachidic(SQ-C20) mixed system by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, and then examined the electrical transport properties of the junctions. It was found that a PI LB film becomes a good electrical insulator even when the number of deposited layers is five. From capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement, it was found that a SQ-C20 multilayered film is depleted at the interface between the PI layer and the SQ-C20 layer even when the biasing voltage was zero millivolts, because positive excess charges are displaced from the gate-Au electrode to the PI layer as deposited. The PI layer incorporated in the junctions makes a significant contribution to the electrical conduction, and asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were obtained for the junctions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"295 1","pages":"189-192 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75799844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172237
M. Hammam, S. Ochiai, C. Burns
The influence of accumulated charges on a polymer insulated surface on the 50% lightning impulse (1.2-50 mu s) has been investigated. The 50% flashover voltage was measured for three different conditions: under dry environment, immediately after immersing the upper shed and body of the insulator in saline water, and immediately after completely immersing the insulator in saline water. The negative polarity 50% flashover voltage under the dry condition is the highest. This shows that negative charges accumulated on the air-insulator interface under the triple junction and in voids near the triple junction suppress the progress of the streamer. The 50% flashover voltage for the positive polarity case under dry conditions is lower than that for the negative case. This shows that the amount of positive charges accumulated on the insulator surface under the triple junction and in voids near the triple junction is less than that under negative polarity. It also suggests that positive charges generated around the stripped cable-insulator interface diffuse onto the shed surface more extensively.<>
{"title":"Effect on 50% flashover voltage due to accumulated charges on the surface of polymer insulators","authors":"M. Hammam, S. Ochiai, C. Burns","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172237","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of accumulated charges on a polymer insulated surface on the 50% lightning impulse (1.2-50 mu s) has been investigated. The 50% flashover voltage was measured for three different conditions: under dry environment, immediately after immersing the upper shed and body of the insulator in saline water, and immediately after completely immersing the insulator in saline water. The negative polarity 50% flashover voltage under the dry condition is the highest. This shows that negative charges accumulated on the air-insulator interface under the triple junction and in voids near the triple junction suppress the progress of the streamer. The 50% flashover voltage for the positive polarity case under dry conditions is lower than that for the negative case. This shows that the amount of positive charges accumulated on the insulator surface under the triple junction and in voids near the triple junction is less than that under negative polarity. It also suggests that positive charges generated around the stripped cable-insulator interface diffuse onto the shed surface more extensively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":"981-984 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83081019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172203
E. W. Jansen, M. Zahn
A drift/diffusion flow electrification model is developed for bipolar conduction in a turbulent liquid dielectric between rotating concentric cylindrical electrodes with open-circuited, short-circuited, or DC voltage energized electrodes. Experimental data are used to estimate model parameters such as the density of each charge carrier at the electrode walls and the mobility ratio of the charge carriers. Typical experimental measurements indicate wall charge densities much larger than the equilibrium charge densities of each carrier, invalidating a quasiequilibrium ohmic conductivity model as the local conductivity near the wall is enhanced over the equilibrium conductivity. Specific electrode wall charge densities are found which yield near self-consistent solutions with measurements of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and turbulent core charge densities. Experimental DC voltage excitation across the cylinders is treated in anticipation of future measurements.<>
{"title":"A drift/diffusion conduction model for flow electrification of turbulent liquid dielectrics","authors":"E. W. Jansen, M. Zahn","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172203","url":null,"abstract":"A drift/diffusion flow electrification model is developed for bipolar conduction in a turbulent liquid dielectric between rotating concentric cylindrical electrodes with open-circuited, short-circuited, or DC voltage energized electrodes. Experimental data are used to estimate model parameters such as the density of each charge carrier at the electrode walls and the mobility ratio of the charge carriers. Typical experimental measurements indicate wall charge densities much larger than the equilibrium charge densities of each carrier, invalidating a quasiequilibrium ohmic conductivity model as the local conductivity near the wall is enhanced over the equilibrium conductivity. Specific electrode wall charge densities are found which yield near self-consistent solutions with measurements of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and turbulent core charge densities. Experimental DC voltage excitation across the cylinders is treated in anticipation of future measurements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"46 1","pages":"858-862 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74451457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172167
A. Bognár, G. Csépes, L. Kalocsai, I. Kispál
A novel test method for the assessment of the bulk dielectric properties of oil-paper insulation has been developed. Specifically, the authors describe a simple on-site DC testing and apparatus for the determination of the polarization spectrum in the polarization time-constant domain of 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup 4/ s. In this range the so-called interface polarization phenomena of long time constant are active, which are highly influenced by the water content of oil-impregnated paper insulation and the adsorption of byproducts of aging. The method can be regarded as a complementary diagnosis method of dissolved gas analysis and other analytical methods and gives information on the general state and dielectric aging of the impregnated paper insulation. The test method and apparatus have been successfully and widely used on high-voltage power transformers of the Hungarian Electricity Board.<>
{"title":"Spectrum of polarization phenomena of long time-constant as a diagnostic method of oil-paper insulating systems","authors":"A. Bognár, G. Csépes, L. Kalocsai, I. Kispál","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172167","url":null,"abstract":"A novel test method for the assessment of the bulk dielectric properties of oil-paper insulation has been developed. Specifically, the authors describe a simple on-site DC testing and apparatus for the determination of the polarization spectrum in the polarization time-constant domain of 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup 4/ s. In this range the so-called interface polarization phenomena of long time constant are active, which are highly influenced by the water content of oil-impregnated paper insulation and the adsorption of byproducts of aging. The method can be regarded as a complementary diagnosis method of dissolved gas analysis and other analytical methods and gives information on the general state and dielectric aging of the impregnated paper insulation. The test method and apparatus have been successfully and widely used on high-voltage power transformers of the Hungarian Electricity Board.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":"723-726 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77226322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172230
R. García, N. Santiago, C. Portela
A mathematical model, based on experimental tests, is developed to study and verify the influence of source parameters on the behavior of polluted insulators in AC systems. This analytical model allows users to reproduce and study several experimental characteristics of polluted insulator tests. The additional term included in the Mayr type arc equation to consider dielectric disruption is adequate for the purpose of pollution simulation. The arc ignition and extinction results obtained in simulations are in agreement with experiments. The influence of source parameters on the arc processes was observed with the model. The simulated results allow evaluation of the adequacy of a source to be used in pollution tests.<>
{"title":"A mathematical model to study the influence of source parameters in polluted insulator tests","authors":"R. García, N. Santiago, C. Portela","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172230","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model, based on experimental tests, is developed to study and verify the influence of source parameters on the behavior of polluted insulators in AC systems. This analytical model allows users to reproduce and study several experimental characteristics of polluted insulator tests. The additional term included in the Mayr type arc equation to consider dielectric disruption is adequate for the purpose of pollution simulation. The arc ignition and extinction results obtained in simulations are in agreement with experiments. The influence of source parameters on the arc processes was observed with the model. The simulated results allow evaluation of the adequacy of a source to be used in pollution tests.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"65 1","pages":"953-956 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72881143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172206
A. Washabaugh, P.A. von Guggenberg, M. Zahn, J. Melcher
To simulate the flow electrification processes in transformers, a 'Couette facility' has been developed, where transformer oil fills the annulus between coaxial cylindrical electrodes which can be bare metal or covered with transformer pressboard. Rotation of the inner cylinder provides controlled turbulent flow. This turbulent mixing transports electric charge from the electrical double layer at the liquid/solid interfaces to the oil volume. Measurements of the volume charge density are performed using an absolute charge sensor, which brings a sample of fluid from the turbulent core into a Faraday cage. In this facility, the temperature can be controlled from 15 degrees C to 140 degrees C and vacuum drying is used to reduce the moisture level below 1% in the pressboard. The oil conductivity and moisture content can be monitored continuously. Transient measurements with a step change in temperature have shown that the volume charge density follows the temperature.<>
{"title":"Temperature and moisture transient flow electrification measurements of transformer pressboard/oil insulation using a Couette facility","authors":"A. Washabaugh, P.A. von Guggenberg, M. Zahn, J. Melcher","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172206","url":null,"abstract":"To simulate the flow electrification processes in transformers, a 'Couette facility' has been developed, where transformer oil fills the annulus between coaxial cylindrical electrodes which can be bare metal or covered with transformer pressboard. Rotation of the inner cylinder provides controlled turbulent flow. This turbulent mixing transports electric charge from the electrical double layer at the liquid/solid interfaces to the oil volume. Measurements of the volume charge density are performed using an absolute charge sensor, which brings a sample of fluid from the turbulent core into a Faraday cage. In this facility, the temperature can be controlled from 15 degrees C to 140 degrees C and vacuum drying is used to reduce the moisture level below 1% in the pressboard. The oil conductivity and moisture content can be monitored continuously. Transient measurements with a step change in temperature have shown that the volume charge density follows the temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"867-870 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77215767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172159
V. Ivanov, T.L. Vorobjev, N. V. Yesina
The authors consider the possibility of applying optical methods of registration of small changes in refractive index to the investigation of processes occurring during corona discharge in gases. The interferometry used makes it possible to determine changes in gas temperature on corona discharge for discharge gaps of ordinary geometry. The discharge occurred in coaxial and needle-plane systems of electrodes. In the latter case holographic methods for increasing the sensitivity of interference measurements were used for data collection. Application of the techniques mentioned above made it possible to determine the mean temperature of the gas in a coaxial system of electrodes, to observe the occurrence of a thin nonluminescent channel during the needle-plane corona discharge, and to make an estimate of the gas temperature in the discharge gap (which considerably exceeded that of the surrounding gas).<>
{"title":"Interferometry of the corona discharge","authors":"V. Ivanov, T.L. Vorobjev, N. V. Yesina","doi":"10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM.1991.172159","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider the possibility of applying optical methods of registration of small changes in refractive index to the investigation of processes occurring during corona discharge in gases. The interferometry used makes it possible to determine changes in gas temperature on corona discharge for discharge gaps of ordinary geometry. The discharge occurred in coaxial and needle-plane systems of electrodes. In the latter case holographic methods for increasing the sensitivity of interference measurements were used for data collection. Application of the techniques mentioned above made it possible to determine the mean temperature of the gas in a coaxial system of electrodes, to observe the occurrence of a thin nonluminescent channel during the needle-plane corona discharge, and to make an estimate of the gas temperature in the discharge gap (which considerably exceeded that of the surrounding gas).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6450,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":"691-694 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88608789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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