Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519893
Jiahui Guo, Hesen Liu, D. Zhou, Jidong Chai, Ye Zhang, Yilu Liu
Wide area measurement systems (WAMS) could provide enough information to estimate the electromechanical modes which characterize the dynamic properties of the power grid. Utilizing the measured synchrophasor data from frequency monitoring network (FNET/GridEye), this paper proposes an approach to estimate the oscillation frequency and damping regardless of ring-down or ambient condition in real-time environment. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to detrend the frequency signal, and an auto-regressing moving-average (ARMA) model is used to describe the time series data and the modified yuler walker (MYW) algorithm is used to estimate the AR parameters. Additionally, this paper describes the details of the implementation of a real-time monitoring website showing the estimated dominant frequency and damping from the four interconnections in North America power grid.
{"title":"Real-time power system electromechanical mode estimation implementation and visualization utilizing synchrophasor data","authors":"Jiahui Guo, Hesen Liu, D. Zhou, Jidong Chai, Ye Zhang, Yilu Liu","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519893","url":null,"abstract":"Wide area measurement systems (WAMS) could provide enough information to estimate the electromechanical modes which characterize the dynamic properties of the power grid. Utilizing the measured synchrophasor data from frequency monitoring network (FNET/GridEye), this paper proposes an approach to estimate the oscillation frequency and damping regardless of ring-down or ambient condition in real-time environment. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to detrend the frequency signal, and an auto-regressing moving-average (ARMA) model is used to describe the time series data and the modified yuler walker (MYW) algorithm is used to estimate the AR parameters. Additionally, this paper describes the details of the implementation of a real-time monitoring website showing the estimated dominant frequency and damping from the four interconnections in North America power grid.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83513303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519858
Gilmanur Rashid, M. Ali
Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generators are vulnerable to the grid faults, as their stator windings are directly connected to the grid. Fault ride through (FRT) capability of a wind farm is very important, as it is a common requirement by the grid codes practiced all over the world. In this work, to enhance the FRT capability of a DFIG based wind farm, the parallel resonance fault current limiter (PRFCL) is proposed. To check the effectiveness of the proposed PRFCL, its performance is compared with that of the bridge-type fault current limiter (BFCL). A three-phase-to-ground (3LG) fault was applied to one of the double circuit transmission lines at the wind farm connection point of the multi-machine system to investigate the FRT capability. Simulations were carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results show that the PRFCL is a very effective auxiliary device to achieve better FRT. Moreover, it was found that the PRFCL outperforms the BFCL.
{"title":"Application of parallel resonance fault current limiter for fault ride through capability augmentation of DFIG based wind farm","authors":"Gilmanur Rashid, M. Ali","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519858","url":null,"abstract":"Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generators are vulnerable to the grid faults, as their stator windings are directly connected to the grid. Fault ride through (FRT) capability of a wind farm is very important, as it is a common requirement by the grid codes practiced all over the world. In this work, to enhance the FRT capability of a DFIG based wind farm, the parallel resonance fault current limiter (PRFCL) is proposed. To check the effectiveness of the proposed PRFCL, its performance is compared with that of the bridge-type fault current limiter (BFCL). A three-phase-to-ground (3LG) fault was applied to one of the double circuit transmission lines at the wind farm connection point of the multi-machine system to investigate the FRT capability. Simulations were carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results show that the PRFCL is a very effective auxiliary device to achieve better FRT. Moreover, it was found that the PRFCL outperforms the BFCL.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"39 27","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91514813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7520026
K. Gray, J. Kumm, J. Mraz
A North American oil refinery recently improved on-site power system reliability by extensively modifying the inplant electric system. Simultaneously, the refinery upgraded protective relaying to support IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. New load caused a generation deficit when islanded from the local utility. The project team implemented a power management system to preserve critical loads when the refinery microgrid is islanded from the utility. The power management controllers use IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. The project team performed thorough hardware-in-the-loop testing using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) along with traditional protection test-set testing to validate system operation for designed transitions and anticipated equipment failure modes. In studying these projects, we have developed a framework, which this paper shares, for successfully implementing other, similar microgrid power management system projects.
{"title":"A high-level framework for implementation and test of IEC 61850-based microgrid power management systems","authors":"K. Gray, J. Kumm, J. Mraz","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7520026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7520026","url":null,"abstract":"A North American oil refinery recently improved on-site power system reliability by extensively modifying the inplant electric system. Simultaneously, the refinery upgraded protective relaying to support IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. New load caused a generation deficit when islanded from the local utility. The project team implemented a power management system to preserve critical loads when the refinery microgrid is islanded from the utility. The power management controllers use IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. The project team performed thorough hardware-in-the-loop testing using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) along with traditional protection test-set testing to validate system operation for designed transitions and anticipated equipment failure modes. In studying these projects, we have developed a framework, which this paper shares, for successfully implementing other, similar microgrid power management system projects.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"161 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91554179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7520067
Marko Jereminov, D. Bromberg, Xin Li, G. Hug, L. Pileggi
In this paper we present an equivalent circuit model for power system networks that facilitates robust and efficient AC power flow simulation and enables the incorporation of more generalized bus and line models. The circuit equations are formulated in terms of voltages and currents in rectangular coordinates using a graph theoretic algorithm that provides for optimal numerical conditioning. A current-source based generator model is introduced that provides for more robust and efficient convergence as compared to our original approach. We show that the proposed framework supports nonlinear models with insensitivity to the initial guess and converges in few iterations. We illustrate the capabilities of generalized modeling by deriving a model for a grid-connected solar panel system that includes AC, DC and semiconductor components.
{"title":"Improving robustness and modeling generality for power flow analysis","authors":"Marko Jereminov, D. Bromberg, Xin Li, G. Hug, L. Pileggi","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7520067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7520067","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an equivalent circuit model for power system networks that facilitates robust and efficient AC power flow simulation and enables the incorporation of more generalized bus and line models. The circuit equations are formulated in terms of voltages and currents in rectangular coordinates using a graph theoretic algorithm that provides for optimal numerical conditioning. A current-source based generator model is introduced that provides for more robust and efficient convergence as compared to our original approach. We show that the proposed framework supports nonlinear models with insensitivity to the initial guess and converges in few iterations. We illustrate the capabilities of generalized modeling by deriving a model for a grid-connected solar panel system that includes AC, DC and semiconductor components.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87151403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519947
Saeed D. Manshadi, M. Khodayar
This paper proposed a methodology to identify the vulnerable components, and ensure the resilient operation of coordinated electricity and natural gas infrastructures considering multiple disruptions within the microgrid. The micro-grid demands, which consist of electricity and heat demands, are served by the interdependent electricity and natural gas supplies. The proposed approach addressed the vulnerability of multiple energy carrier microgrids against various inter-dictions, which is used to apply preventive reinforcements to increase the resilience of energy supply and decrease the operation cost. The proposed methodology is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem to address the optimal and secure operation of multiple energy carrier microgrids. The interdependence between natural gas and electricity infrastructures is addressed to show the effectiveness of the presented methodology in improving the resilience of generation and demand scheduling against deliberate actions causing disruptions in the interdependent energy infrastructures in multiple energy carrier microgrids.
{"title":"Resilient operation of multiple energy carrier microgrids","authors":"Saeed D. Manshadi, M. Khodayar","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519947","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed a methodology to identify the vulnerable components, and ensure the resilient operation of coordinated electricity and natural gas infrastructures considering multiple disruptions within the microgrid. The micro-grid demands, which consist of electricity and heat demands, are served by the interdependent electricity and natural gas supplies. The proposed approach addressed the vulnerability of multiple energy carrier microgrids against various inter-dictions, which is used to apply preventive reinforcements to increase the resilience of energy supply and decrease the operation cost. The proposed methodology is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem to address the optimal and secure operation of multiple energy carrier microgrids. The interdependence between natural gas and electricity infrastructures is addressed to show the effectiveness of the presented methodology in improving the resilience of generation and demand scheduling against deliberate actions causing disruptions in the interdependent energy infrastructures in multiple energy carrier microgrids.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519988
M. Quashie, G. Joós
This paper proposes a bi-level planning strategy that optimally configures an urban microgrid to maximize its benefits. The work implores the karush- Kuhn-tucker (KKT) condition to transform the two level formulation into a single level mixed integer linear programing. The optimization strategy receives the modeled thermal and electric load as input and optimizes the output of the distributed energy resources through the implementation of an energy management system (EMS). It further analyzes the available investment options of the microgrid using capital budgeting techniques to determine the return on investment to a microgrid stakeholder. The approach, though applicable to all microgrids, is developed within the context of an urban microgrid. Results obtained through its application show significant savings in energy cost and related microgrid benefits to stakeholders.
{"title":"Optimal planning of urban microgrids with an energy management system","authors":"M. Quashie, G. Joós","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519988","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a bi-level planning strategy that optimally configures an urban microgrid to maximize its benefits. The work implores the karush- Kuhn-tucker (KKT) condition to transform the two level formulation into a single level mixed integer linear programing. The optimization strategy receives the modeled thermal and electric load as input and optimizes the output of the distributed energy resources through the implementation of an energy management system (EMS). It further analyzes the available investment options of the microgrid using capital budgeting techniques to determine the return on investment to a microgrid stakeholder. The approach, though applicable to all microgrids, is developed within the context of an urban microgrid. Results obtained through its application show significant savings in energy cost and related microgrid benefits to stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73149623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7520069
U. Riechert, U. Straumann, R. Gremaud, M. Callavik
New DC insulators for HVDC GIS were designed by geometrical optimization and insertion of a current collector. With additional marginal changes at interface components, and with the development of special current- and voltage transformers, it is possible to provide gas-insulated systems for HVDC. Type tests standards for gas-insulated systems specific for HVDC are not yet available today. Based on insulation co-ordination studies, test values were defined, which take all technical aspects into account. Based on the development and research results combined with the service experience new type test philosophy was developed. The manufacturer of HVDC GIS systems has already successfully concluded the component tests and the technology is now ready for its first pilot installations.
{"title":"Compact gas-insulated systems for high voltage direct current transmission: Design and testing","authors":"U. Riechert, U. Straumann, R. Gremaud, M. Callavik","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7520069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7520069","url":null,"abstract":"New DC insulators for HVDC GIS were designed by geometrical optimization and insertion of a current collector. With additional marginal changes at interface components, and with the development of special current- and voltage transformers, it is possible to provide gas-insulated systems for HVDC. Type tests standards for gas-insulated systems specific for HVDC are not yet available today. Based on insulation co-ordination studies, test values were defined, which take all technical aspects into account. Based on the development and research results combined with the service experience new type test philosophy was developed. The manufacturer of HVDC GIS systems has already successfully concluded the component tests and the technology is now ready for its first pilot installations.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"135 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73672932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519905
Yihe Zhang, Ling Gao, Yinliang Xu
New low-carbon appliances (renewable generator, electric vehicle, etc.) develop rapidly and require advance control strategies to address their new features such as dispersed location and intermittency. Traditional centralized methods may not be an effective and economical solution, since a sophisticated communication network is needed to collect global information and a powerful central controller is required to process huge amount of data. This paper proposes a distributed method to optimize the overall social benefit and maintain the supply demand balance in a smart grid, considering three different types of load models including electric vehicle, air conditioning, lighting and electronic devices. Only information exchange among neighboring nodes is utilized, which enables the sharing of the computation and communication burden among local controllers to simplify the communication network and avoid the investment of expensive and powerful central controller. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed method is demonstrated through the simulation in the IEEE 14-bus system.
{"title":"Distributed energy management for supply-demand coordination in a smart grid","authors":"Yihe Zhang, Ling Gao, Yinliang Xu","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519905","url":null,"abstract":"New low-carbon appliances (renewable generator, electric vehicle, etc.) develop rapidly and require advance control strategies to address their new features such as dispersed location and intermittency. Traditional centralized methods may not be an effective and economical solution, since a sophisticated communication network is needed to collect global information and a powerful central controller is required to process huge amount of data. This paper proposes a distributed method to optimize the overall social benefit and maintain the supply demand balance in a smart grid, considering three different types of load models including electric vehicle, air conditioning, lighting and electronic devices. Only information exchange among neighboring nodes is utilized, which enables the sharing of the computation and communication burden among local controllers to simplify the communication network and avoid the investment of expensive and powerful central controller. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed method is demonstrated through the simulation in the IEEE 14-bus system.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74819299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519994
M. Rylander, Jeff Smith, W. Sunderman, David Smith, Jim Glass
Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More complex techniques have been developed and implemented for multiple DER systems on multiple feeders that capture the critical aspects including the DER characteristics, DER size and location of interconnection, as well as the unique distribution feeder and its design and operating characteristics. These complex techniques can require significant time and resources. Systematic methods for analyzing the immense number of scenarios that comprise distribution systems are needed. This paper outlines the components and application of a new method that can be efficiently applied for a distribution-wide assessment of DER. Example results through implementation in an actual distribution system are shown.
{"title":"Application of new method for distribution-wide assessment of Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"M. Rylander, Jeff Smith, W. Sunderman, David Smith, Jim Glass","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519994","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More complex techniques have been developed and implemented for multiple DER systems on multiple feeders that capture the critical aspects including the DER characteristics, DER size and location of interconnection, as well as the unique distribution feeder and its design and operating characteristics. These complex techniques can require significant time and resources. Systematic methods for analyzing the immense number of scenarios that comprise distribution systems are needed. This paper outlines the components and application of a new method that can be efficiently applied for a distribution-wide assessment of DER. Example results through implementation in an actual distribution system are shown.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77203213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519849
N. Neyestani, M. Yazdani-Damavandi, M. Shafie‐khah, J. Contreras, J. Catalão
Summary form only given. A recent solution to tackle environmental issues is the electrification of transportation. Effective integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) into the grid is important in the process of achieving sustainable development. One of the key solutions regarding the need for charging stations is the installation of PEV Parking Lots (PLs). However, contrary to common parkings, PLs are constrained by various organizations such as municipalities, urban traffic regulators and electrical distribution systems. Therefore, this paper aims to allocate PLs in distribution systems with the objective of minimizing system costs, including power loss, network reliability and voltage deviation as possible objectives. A two-stage model has been designed for this purpose. PLs' behavior considering market interactions is optimized at the first stage to provide profit to the PL owner. At the second stage, the PL allocation problem is solved considering various network constraints. Conclusions are duly drawn with a realistic example.
{"title":"Allocation of plug-in vehicles' Parking Lots in distribution systems considering network-constrained objectives","authors":"N. Neyestani, M. Yazdani-Damavandi, M. Shafie‐khah, J. Contreras, J. Catalão","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2016.7519849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2016.7519849","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A recent solution to tackle environmental issues is the electrification of transportation. Effective integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) into the grid is important in the process of achieving sustainable development. One of the key solutions regarding the need for charging stations is the installation of PEV Parking Lots (PLs). However, contrary to common parkings, PLs are constrained by various organizations such as municipalities, urban traffic regulators and electrical distribution systems. Therefore, this paper aims to allocate PLs in distribution systems with the objective of minimizing system costs, including power loss, network reliability and voltage deviation as possible objectives. A two-stage model has been designed for this purpose. PLs' behavior considering market interactions is optimized at the first stage to provide profit to the PL owner. At the second stage, the PL allocation problem is solved considering various network constraints. Conclusions are duly drawn with a realistic example.","PeriodicalId":6497,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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