Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000707.v3
Sohaib Shah, Douglas Donnachie, Noman Niazi, Russell Conyers, Jo Dartnell, Marcos Katchburian, Oluwarantimi Ayodele
In this review, we would like to demonstrate the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with progressive ankle pain and eventual inability to weight bear. She was shown to have primary acute osteomyelitis of the talus caused by Pasteurella canis , a commensal organism usually found in the oropharynx of dogs, despite the absence of any history of a dog bite or other zoonotic risk factors. We characterise the symptoms, signs, radiographic appearances and result of both the medical and surgical management, including a review of the literature. This review aims to increase awareness of this rare pathology and help guide other clinicians in accurately diagnosing and managing the condition.
{"title":"Primary subacute talus osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella canis: literature review and case report","authors":"Sohaib Shah, Douglas Donnachie, Noman Niazi, Russell Conyers, Jo Dartnell, Marcos Katchburian, Oluwarantimi Ayodele","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000707.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000707.v3","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we would like to demonstrate the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with progressive ankle pain and eventual inability to weight bear. She was shown to have primary acute osteomyelitis of the talus caused by \u0000 \u0000 Pasteurella canis\u0000 \u0000 , a commensal organism usually found in the oropharynx of dogs, despite the absence of any history of a dog bite or other zoonotic risk factors. We characterise the symptoms, signs, radiographic appearances and result of both the medical and surgical management, including a review of the literature. This review aims to increase awareness of this rare pathology and help guide other clinicians in accurately diagnosing and managing the condition.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"345 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000679.v3
Motoshi Sonoda, Y. Motomura, M. Ishimura, S. Kanno, M. Kiyosuke, Shouichi Ohga
Introduction. Williamsia muralis is an environmental bacterium first detected in 1999. Infections with W. muralis isolated have been reported in two elderly patients, and were associated with the surgical intervention of artificial objects. We present a case of bacteraemia caused by W. muralis following haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Case presentation. A 10-year-old Japanese boy presented with fever and the swelling of the left cheek 8 days after HCT for the treatment of Fanconi anaemia. Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from the blood cultures after 5 days incubation. 16S rRNA sequencing, but not mass spectrometry, identified a strain of W. muralis (1 414 bp, %ID 100 %). The phlegmon did not respond to antimicrobial therapy, but remitted with defervescence after a successful engraftment with teicoplanin and meropenem therapy on day 16 after HCT. The patient experienced recurrence of the bacteraemia, leading to central venous catheter (CVC) line removal. The same strain of W. muralis was isolated from the cultured tip of the CVC. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of W. muralis bacteraemia and was complicated by CVC infection after HCT. Conclusion. W. muralis bacteraemia developed in an immunocompromised child. Introduction of artificial objects into the body raises a risk of rare infection with slowly growing environmental bacteria.
{"title":"Williamsia muralis bacteraemia in a patient with Fanconi anaemia after haematopoietic cell transplantation","authors":"Motoshi Sonoda, Y. Motomura, M. Ishimura, S. Kanno, M. Kiyosuke, Shouichi Ohga","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000679.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000679.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Williamsia muralis\u0000 \u0000 is an environmental bacterium first detected in 1999. Infections with \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 isolated have been reported in two elderly patients, and were associated with the surgical intervention of artificial objects. We present a case of bacteraemia caused by \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 following haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).\u0000 \u0000 Case presentation. A 10-year-old Japanese boy presented with fever and the swelling of the left cheek 8 days after HCT for the treatment of Fanconi anaemia. Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from the blood cultures after 5 days incubation. 16S rRNA sequencing, but not mass spectrometry, identified a strain of \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 (1 414 bp, %ID 100 %). The phlegmon did not respond to antimicrobial therapy, but remitted with defervescence after a successful engraftment with teicoplanin and meropenem therapy on day 16 after HCT. The patient experienced recurrence of the bacteraemia, leading to central venous catheter (CVC) line removal. The same strain of \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 was isolated from the cultured tip of the CVC. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 bacteraemia and was complicated by CVC infection after HCT.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 W. muralis\u0000 \u0000 bacteraemia developed in an immunocompromised child. Introduction of artificial objects into the body raises a risk of rare infection with slowly growing environmental bacteria.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000730.v3
J. O’Gara, M. S. Zeden
Since 1997, Staphylococcus Great Britain and Ireland (StaphGBI) conferences have brought together the Staphylococcus research community in the UK and Ireland. The 12th StaphGBI conference, hosted by University of Galway 22–23 June 2023, was co-chaired by Dr Merve S. Zeden and Professor James P. O’Gara, supported by a local organizing committee of Chloe Hobbs-Tobin, Dr Rakesh Roy, Órla Burke and Aaron Nolan. Anchored by keynote speaker Professor Vinai Thomas, all other StaphGBI 2023 oral and post presentations were delivered by early career researchers. The conference attracted approximately 100 delegates, including 72 MRes/PhD students and postdoctoral fellows, 22 principal investigators and 4 exhibitors. The mix of scientists, clinicians and early career researchers stimulated excellent discussions on key issues and challenges in the Staphylococcus field. Staphylococcus aureus interactions with the host immune system, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and new therapeutic approaches using antimicrobial peptides or metabolites, chronic wound and device-associated infections, and improving our understanding of staphylococcal genomics were common themes at StaphGBI 2023.
自1997年以来，葡萄球菌大不列颠和爱尔兰(StaphGBI)会议汇集了葡萄球菌研究界在英国和爱尔兰。第12届StaphGBI会议于2023年6月22日至23日由戈尔韦大学主办，由Merve S. Zeden博士和James P. O 'Gara教授共同主持，由Chloe Hobbs-Tobin、Rakesh Roy博士、Órla Burke和Aaron Nolan组成的当地组织委员会提供支持。由主讲人Vinai Thomas教授主持，所有其他StaphGBI 2023口头和后期报告均由早期职业研究人员提供。会议吸引了约100名代表参加，其中包括72名硕士/博士研究生和博士后，22名主要研究人员和4名参展商。科学家、临床医生和早期职业研究人员的混合激发了对葡萄球菌领域关键问题和挑战的精彩讨论。金黄色葡萄球菌与宿主免疫系统的相互作用、抗菌素耐药性(AMR)和使用抗菌肽或代谢物的新治疗方法、慢性伤口和器械相关感染，以及提高我们对葡萄球菌基因组学的理解是StaphGBI 2023的共同主题。
{"title":"Staphylococcus Great Britain and Ireland 2023 (StaphGBI 2023) Conference Report","authors":"J. O’Gara, M. S. Zeden","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000730.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000730.v3","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1997, \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus\u0000 \u0000 Great Britain and Ireland (StaphGBI) conferences have brought together the \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus\u0000 \u0000 research community in the UK and Ireland. The 12th StaphGBI conference, hosted by University of Galway 22–23 June 2023, was co-chaired by Dr Merve S. Zeden and Professor James P. O’Gara, supported by a local organizing committee of Chloe Hobbs-Tobin, Dr Rakesh Roy, Órla Burke and Aaron Nolan. Anchored by keynote speaker Professor Vinai Thomas, all other StaphGBI 2023 oral and post presentations were delivered by early career researchers. The conference attracted approximately 100 delegates, including 72 MRes/PhD students and postdoctoral fellows, 22 principal investigators and 4 exhibitors. The mix of scientists, clinicians and early career researchers stimulated excellent discussions on key issues and challenges in the \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus\u0000 \u0000 field. \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus aureus\u0000 \u0000 interactions with the host immune system, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and new therapeutic approaches using antimicrobial peptides or metabolites, chronic wound and device-associated infections, and improving our understanding of staphylococcal genomics were common themes at StaphGBI 2023.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"31 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000671.v4
J. L. Carvalho, M. Malo, K. Allen, Connor Frank, Zhiwen Xiao, R. Jiao, Ekaterina Dadachova
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) such as mucormycosis are causing devastating morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients as anti-fungal agents do not work in the setting of a suppressed immune system. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a novel landscape for IFIs in post-pandemic patients, resulting from severe immune suppression caused by COVID-19 infection, comorbidities (diabetes, obesity) and immunosuppressive treatments such as steroids. The antigen–antibody interaction has been employed in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) to deliver lethal doses of ionizing radiation emitted by radionuclides to targeted cells and has demonstrated efficacy in several cancers. One of the advantages of RIT is its independence of the immune status of a host, which is crucial for immunosuppressed post-COVID-19 patients. In the present work we targeted the fungal pan-antigens 1,3-beta-glucan and melanin pigment, which are present in the majority of pathogenic fungi, with RIT, thus making such targeting pathogen-agnostic. We demonstrated in experimental murine mucormycosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice that lutetium-177 (177Lu)-labelled antibodies to these two antigens effectively decreased the fungal burden in major organs, including the brain. These results are encouraging because they show the effectiveness of pathogen-agnostic RIT in significantly decreasing fungal burden in vivo, while they can also potentially be applied to treat the broad range of invasive fungal infections that express the pan-antigens 1,3-beta-glucan or melanin.
{"title":"Radioimmunotherapy as a pathogen-agnostic treatment method for opportunistic mucormycosis infections","authors":"J. L. Carvalho, M. Malo, K. Allen, Connor Frank, Zhiwen Xiao, R. Jiao, Ekaterina Dadachova","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000671.v4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000671.v4","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) such as mucormycosis are causing devastating morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients as anti-fungal agents do not work in the setting of a suppressed immune system. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a novel landscape for IFIs in post-pandemic patients, resulting from severe immune suppression caused by COVID-19 infection, comorbidities (diabetes, obesity) and immunosuppressive treatments such as steroids. The antigen–antibody interaction has been employed in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) to deliver lethal doses of ionizing radiation emitted by radionuclides to targeted cells and has demonstrated efficacy in several cancers. One of the advantages of RIT is its independence of the immune status of a host, which is crucial for immunosuppressed post-COVID-19 patients. In the present work we targeted the fungal pan-antigens 1,3-beta-glucan and melanin pigment, which are present in the majority of pathogenic fungi, with RIT, thus making such targeting pathogen-agnostic. We demonstrated in experimental murine mucormycosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice that lutetium-177 (177Lu)-labelled antibodies to these two antigens effectively decreased the fungal burden in major organs, including the brain. These results are encouraging because they show the effectiveness of pathogen-agnostic RIT in significantly decreasing fungal burden in vivo, while they can also potentially be applied to treat the broad range of invasive fungal infections that express the pan-antigens 1,3-beta-glucan or melanin.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000543.v3
J. Williamson, Andrew C. Matthews, Ben Raymond
Predicting the conditions under which rhizobacteria benefit plant growth remains challenging. Here we tested the hypothesis that benefits from inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria will depend upon two environmental conditions: phosphate availability and competition between bacteria. We used maize-associated rhizobacteria with varying phosphate solubilization ability in experiments in soil, sterilized soil and gnotobiotic microcosms under conditions of varying orthophosphate availability, while we manipulated the intensity of competition by varying the number of isolates in plant inocula. Growth promotion by microbes did not depend on phosphate availability but was affected by interactions between inoculants: the beneficial effects of one Serratia isolate were only detectable when plants were inoculated with a single strain and the beneficial effects of a competition-sensitive Rhizobium was only detectable in sterilized soil or in microcosms inoculated with single strains. Moreover, microcosm experiments suggested that facilitation of a parasitic isolate, not competitive interactions between bacteria, prevented plants from gaining benefits from a potential mutualist. Competition and facilitation affected colonization of plants in microcosms but growth promotion by Serratia was more affected by inoculation treatment than culturable densities on roots. Experimental manipulation of seed inocula can reveal whether plant growth stimulation is robust with respect to competition, as well as the ecological strategies of different rhizobacteria. From an applied perspective, phosphate solubilization may not provide the mechanism for bacterial growth promotion but may indicate mutualistic potential due to phylogenetic associations. Importantly, benefits to plants are vulnerable to interactions between rhizobacteria and may not persist in mixed inoculations.
{"title":"Competition and co-association, but not phosphorous availability, shape the benefits of phosphate-solubilizing root bacteria for maize (Zea mays)","authors":"J. Williamson, Andrew C. Matthews, Ben Raymond","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000543.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000543.v3","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the conditions under which rhizobacteria benefit plant growth remains challenging. Here we tested the hypothesis that benefits from inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria will depend upon two environmental conditions: phosphate availability and competition between bacteria. We used maize-associated rhizobacteria with varying phosphate solubilization ability in experiments in soil, sterilized soil and gnotobiotic microcosms under conditions of varying orthophosphate availability, while we manipulated the intensity of competition by varying the number of isolates in plant inocula. Growth promotion by microbes did not depend on phosphate availability but was affected by interactions between inoculants: the beneficial effects of one \u0000 \u0000 Serratia\u0000 \u0000 isolate were only detectable when plants were inoculated with a single strain and the beneficial effects of a competition-sensitive \u0000 \u0000 Rhizobium\u0000 \u0000 was only detectable in sterilized soil or in microcosms inoculated with single strains. Moreover, microcosm experiments suggested that facilitation of a parasitic isolate, not competitive interactions between bacteria, prevented plants from gaining benefits from a potential mutualist. Competition and facilitation affected colonization of plants in microcosms but growth promotion by \u0000 \u0000 Serratia\u0000 \u0000 was more affected by inoculation treatment than culturable densities on roots. Experimental manipulation of seed inocula can reveal whether plant growth stimulation is robust with respect to competition, as well as the ecological strategies of different rhizobacteria. From an applied perspective, phosphate solubilization may not provide the mechanism for bacterial growth promotion but may indicate mutualistic potential due to phylogenetic associations. Importantly, benefits to plants are vulnerable to interactions between rhizobacteria and may not persist in mixed inoculations.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000700.v3
Anthony Rowan, Tiarnan Fallon Verbruggen, Nuala H. O'Connell, Patrick J. Stapleton, Colum P. Dunne, Barry Linnane, Daryl Butler
Introduction. Chryseobacterium shandongense is a Gram-negative Flavobacterium bacillus with intrinsic multidrug-resistant properties. Case Presentation. Herein, we present the first case report of human C. shandongense infection, relating to an implantable portal and catheter (port-a-cath) central line in a 5-year-old female with cystic fibrosis. The infection was identified using a Bruker MALDI-TOF Biotyper with BDAL (v12) of blood, which was cultured due to pyrexia and rigour following port-a-cath access. This report details the effective eradication of C. shandongense infection from the port-a-cath device using initial empirical gentamicin followed by targeted ciprofloxacin locks and systemic antibiotics. Conclusion. We demonstrated successful eradication of C. shandongense from a port-a-cath device, including the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required in this case. The result was eradication of central access infection, preventing progression to bacteraemia/septicaemia and preserving central access in a child with cystic fibrosis and established respiratory disease.
{"title":"Indwelling central venous catheter infection with Chryseobacterium shandongense – successful eradication in a 5-year-old with cystic fibrosis","authors":"Anthony Rowan, Tiarnan Fallon Verbruggen, Nuala H. O'Connell, Patrick J. Stapleton, Colum P. Dunne, Barry Linnane, Daryl Butler","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000700.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000700.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Chryseobacterium shandongense\u0000 \u0000 is a Gram-negative \u0000 \u0000 Flavobacterium\u0000 \u0000 bacillus with intrinsic multidrug-resistant properties.\u0000 \u0000 Case Presentation. Herein, we present the first case report of human \u0000 \u0000 C. shandongense\u0000 \u0000 infection, relating to an implantable portal and catheter (port-a-cath) central line in a 5-year-old female with cystic fibrosis. The infection was identified using a Bruker MALDI-TOF Biotyper with BDAL (v12) of blood, which was cultured due to pyrexia and rigour following port-a-cath access. This report details the effective eradication of \u0000 \u0000 C. shandongense\u0000 \u0000 infection from the port-a-cath device using initial empirical gentamicin followed by targeted ciprofloxacin locks and systemic antibiotics.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. We demonstrated successful eradication of \u0000 \u0000 C. shandongense\u0000 \u0000 from a port-a-cath device, including the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required in this case. The result was eradication of central access infection, preventing progression to bacteraemia/septicaemia and preserving central access in a child with cystic fibrosis and established respiratory disease.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"114 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000563.v4
Mary Hannah Rose Padayao, Francis Reuben Paul Padayao, J. M. Patalinghug, Gem Stephen Raña, Jonie C. Yee, Paul John Geraldino, Norman Quilantang
Halymenia durvillei is a red alga that is commonly utilized in the Philippines as food and as a source of high-value natural products for industrial applications. However, there are no studies regarding the microbial community associated with H. durvillei and its potential applications. This study aimed to isolate and identify the epiphytic bacteria of H. durvillei and determine their antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) effects. The thalli of H. durvillei were collected at the shores of Santa Fe, Bantayan, Cebu, Philippines. Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA, and their ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests against representative species of yeast and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Their QSI activity against Chromobacterium violaceum was also determined. Fourteen distinct bacterial colonies belonging to four genera, namely Alteromonas (3), Bacillus (5), Oceanobacillus (1) and Vibrio (5), were successfully isolated and identified. All 14 bacterial isolates exhibited antibacterial effects. EPB9, identified as Bacillus safensis , consistently showed the strongest inhibition against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis , with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 mg ml−1. In contrast, all 14 isolates showed weak antifungal effects. Both B. safensis (EPB9) and Bacillus australimaris (EPB15) exhibited QSI effects at 100 mg ml−1, showing opaque zones of 3.1±0.9 and 3.8±0.4 mm, respectively. This study is the first to isolate and identify the distinct microbial epiphytic bacterial community of H. durvillei and its potential as an abundant resource for new antibacterial and QSI bioactives.
{"title":"Antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory activity of epiphytic bacteria isolated from the red alga Halymenia durvillei","authors":"Mary Hannah Rose Padayao, Francis Reuben Paul Padayao, J. M. Patalinghug, Gem Stephen Raña, Jonie C. Yee, Paul John Geraldino, Norman Quilantang","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000563.v4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000563.v4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Halymenia durvillei is a red alga that is commonly utilized in the Philippines as food and as a source of high-value natural products for industrial applications. However, there are no studies regarding the microbial community associated with H. durvillei and its potential applications. This study aimed to isolate and identify the epiphytic bacteria of H. durvillei and determine their antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) effects. The thalli of H. durvillei were collected at the shores of Santa Fe, Bantayan, Cebu, Philippines. Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA, and their ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests against representative species of yeast and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Their QSI activity against \u0000 \u0000 Chromobacterium violaceum\u0000 \u0000 was also determined. Fourteen distinct bacterial colonies belonging to four genera, namely \u0000 \u0000 Alteromonas\u0000 \u0000 (3), \u0000 \u0000 Bacillus\u0000 \u0000 (5), \u0000 \u0000 Oceanobacillus\u0000 \u0000 (1) and \u0000 \u0000 Vibrio\u0000 \u0000 (5), were successfully isolated and identified. All 14 bacterial isolates exhibited antibacterial effects. EPB9, identified as \u0000 \u0000 Bacillus safensis\u0000 \u0000 , consistently showed the strongest inhibition against \u0000 \u0000 Escherichia coli\u0000 \u0000 , \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus aureus\u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 Staphylococcus epidermidis\u0000 \u0000 , with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 mg ml−1. In contrast, all 14 isolates showed weak antifungal effects. Both \u0000 \u0000 B. safensis\u0000 \u0000 (EPB9) and \u0000 \u0000 Bacillus australimaris\u0000 \u0000 (EPB15) exhibited QSI effects at 100 mg ml−1, showing opaque zones of 3.1±0.9 and 3.8±0.4 mm, respectively. This study is the first to isolate and identify the distinct microbial epiphytic bacterial community of H. durvillei and its potential as an abundant resource for new antibacterial and QSI bioactives.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"113 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000610.v5
Lavanya Sriramajayam, Krishna Mohan Boopathy Vijayaraghavan, B. Appalaraju, S. Jeyaraj
Introduction. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes urinary tract infections infrequently and are usually associated with presence of genitourinary abnormalities. Case presentation. We report a case of immunocompetent male in his early 20 s with phimosis presented with history of dysuria and burning micturition for 4 months. A renal ultrasonography showed presence of bilateral intrarenal calculi. Urine analysis revealed presence of non-typhoidal Salmonella. Automated identification systems performed poorly in identification of serotype. On serotyping, it was identified as Salmonella enteritidis in the referral centre. The patient was managed with oral antibiotics. Conclusion. This report highlights the issues of inaccurate identification of NTS even with advanced automated systems and early initiation of therapy based on the knowledge of local susceptibility patterns. UTI in immunocompetent individuals by non-typhoidal Salmonella should always be investigated further to rule out genitourinary abnormalities and appropriate antibiotics must be started to avoid chronicity and complications.
{"title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella causing urinary tract infection in a young male with renal calculi – a case report and comprehensive review","authors":"Lavanya Sriramajayam, Krishna Mohan Boopathy Vijayaraghavan, B. Appalaraju, S. Jeyaraj","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000610.v5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000610.v5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes urinary tract infections infrequently and are usually associated with presence of genitourinary abnormalities.\u0000 \u0000 Case presentation. We report a case of immunocompetent male in his early 20 s with phimosis presented with history of dysuria and burning micturition for 4 months. A renal ultrasonography showed presence of bilateral intrarenal calculi. Urine analysis revealed presence of non-typhoidal Salmonella. Automated identification systems performed poorly in identification of serotype. On serotyping, it was identified as \u0000 \u0000 Salmonella enteritidis\u0000 \u0000 in the referral centre. The patient was managed with oral antibiotics.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. This report highlights the issues of inaccurate identification of NTS even with advanced automated systems and early initiation of therapy based on the knowledge of local susceptibility patterns. UTI in immunocompetent individuals by non-typhoidal Salmonella should always be investigated further to rule out genitourinary abnormalities and appropriate antibiotics must be started to avoid chronicity and complications.","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000712.v3
S. Baines, R. Guérillot, S. Ballard, Paul D. R. Johnson, T. Stinear, Sally Roberts, Benjamin P. Howden
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an increasingly identified cause of human disease, with most infections resulting from the vanA and vanB genotypes; less is known about other clinically relevant genotypes. Here we report a genomic exploration of a vanD VRE faecium (VREfm), which arose de novo during a single infectious episode. The genomes of the vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEfm) recipient and resulting VREfm were subjected to long-read sequencing and closed, with whole-genome alignments, cross-mapping and orthologue clustering used to identify genomic variation. Three key differences were identified. (i) The VREfm chromosome gained a 142.6 kb integrative conjugative element (ICE) harbouring the vanD locus. (ii) The native ligase (ddl) was disrupted by an ISEfm1 insertion. (iii) A large 1.74 Mb chromosomal inversion of unknown consequence occurred. Alignment and phylogenetic-based comparisons of the VREfm with a global collection of vanD-harbouring genomes identified strong similarities in the 120–160 kb genomic region surrounding vanD, suggestive of a common mobile element and integration site, irrespective of the diverse taxonomic, geographical and host origins of the isolates. This isolate diversity revealed that this putative ICE (and its source) is globally disseminated and is capable of being acquired by different genera. Although the incidence of vanD VREfm is low, understanding its emergence and potential for spread is crucial for the ongoing efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-17eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000606.v4
Josphat Mutinda, Samuel Mwakisha Mwamburi, Kennedy Omondi Oduor, Maurice Vincent Omolo, Regina Mongina Ntabo, James Muhunyu Gathiru, Joseph Mwangangi, James O M Nonoh
Background: Since Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic.
Methods: The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded. Water samples were also collected from the identified sites for total metagenomic DNA extraction in order to characterise the bacterial communities within the breeding sites.
Results and discussion: Sites where mosquito larvae were found were described as positive and those without mosquito larvae as negative. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia were lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, which also coincided with a high proportion of positive sites. Pseudomonadota was the most common phyla recovered in all samples followed by Bacteroidota and then Actinomycetota. The presence or absence of mosquito larvae in a potential proliferation site was not related to the bacterial community structure in the sampled sites, but was positively correlated with bacterial richness and evenness.
Conclusion: Generally, the presence of Anopheles mosquito larvae was found to be positively correlated with rainy season, bacterial richness and evenness, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia. The findings of this study have implications for predicting the potential of environmental water samples to become mosquito proliferation sites.
背景：由于传播和维持疟疾寄生虫的按蚊在室外环境中繁殖，因此迫切需要对这些蚊子繁殖地进行管理。为了进一步阐明蚊子孳生地的生态景观，研究人员在疟疾流行的肯尼亚夸莱县（Kwale County）对蚊子幼虫栖息地的细菌群落结构及其与理化因素的相互作用进行了描述：方法：确定并记录了栖息地的物理特征和水理化参数。方法：确定了栖息地的物理特征和水的理化参数，并从确定的地点采集水样进行总元基因组 DNA 提取，以确定繁殖地内细菌群落的特征：发现蚊子幼虫的地点为阳性地点，没有蚊子幼虫的地点为阴性地点。雨季的电导率、溶解固体总量、盐度和氨氮均低于旱季，这也与阳性地点比例较高相吻合。假单胞菌是所有样本中最常见的菌门，其次是类杆菌科，再次是放线菌科。潜在增殖点是否有蚊子幼虫与取样点的细菌群落结构无关，但与细菌丰富度和均匀度呈正相关：总体而言，按蚊幼虫的存在与雨季、细菌丰富度和均匀度呈正相关，而与电导率、溶解性总固体、盐度和氨呈负相关。这项研究的结果对预测环境水样成为蚊子扩散地点的可能性具有重要意义。
{"title":"Profiles of bacterial communities and environmental factors associated with proliferation of malaria vector mosquitoes within the Kenyan Coast.","authors":"Josphat Mutinda, Samuel Mwakisha Mwamburi, Kennedy Omondi Oduor, Maurice Vincent Omolo, Regina Mongina Ntabo, James Muhunyu Gathiru, Joseph Mwangangi, James O M Nonoh","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000606.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000606.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded. Water samples were also collected from the identified sites for total metagenomic DNA extraction in order to characterise the bacterial communities within the breeding sites.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Sites where mosquito larvae were found were described as positive and those without mosquito larvae as negative. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia were lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, which also coincided with a high proportion of positive sites. Pseudomonadota was the most common phyla recovered in all samples followed by Bacteroidota and then Actinomycetota. The presence or absence of mosquito larvae in a potential proliferation site was not related to the bacterial community structure in the sampled sites, but was positively correlated with bacterial richness and evenness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, the presence of <i>Anopheles</i> mosquito larvae was found to be positively correlated with rainy season, bacterial richness and evenness, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia. The findings of this study have implications for predicting the potential of environmental water samples to become mosquito proliferation sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":6956,"journal":{"name":"Access Microbiology","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10569876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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