物理化学学报最新文献

{"title":"Tailored spin states: a transformative paradigm for sustainable catalysis","authors":"Wei Ren ,&nbsp;Jinhe Li ,&nbsp;Chengzhang Zhu ,&nbsp;Weikang Wang ,&nbsp;Qinqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid escalating global sustainability pressures and energy-environmental crises, catalytic innovation has reached a pivotal inflection point. Electron spin manipulation emerges as a transformative paradigm, fundamentally rewiring reaction pathways at the quantum level, transcending classical electronic and geometric constraints. This review frames spin-engineered active centers as molecular spin switches, governing orbital symmetry matching, spin-polarized electron transfer, and transition-state energy landscapes. Covering diverse catalytic materials including metal oxides (e.g<em>.</em>, Co₃O₄, Y₂Ru₂O₇), sulfides, alloys, and coordination compounds (e.g<em>.</em>, MOF-Co/Cu/Ni), we elucidate how targeted spin-state modulation—achieved <em>via</em> coordination engineering (doping/defect introduction, ligand regulation), valence modulation, size control (quantum confinement), and external stimuli (magnetic coupling)—dynamically tailors <em>d</em>-orbital occupancy to optimize intermediate adsorption and overcome thermodynamic scaling limitations. Critically, these engineered spin configurations mediate accelerated charge-transfer kinetics, thereby expediting rate-determining steps and elevating overall catalytic performance. By integrating advanced spin-sensitive characterization with theoretical calculation, this review summarizes how precisely tailored high- and low-spin states yield unprecedented enhancements in key reactions such as oxygen reduction, CO₂ reduction, hydrogen evolution, urea synthesis, and battery-related reactions. The perspective advances an innovation framework where nonequilibrium spin control and spin-coherent catalysis will pioneer next-generation sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of S-scheme CdS/MnO2 heterojunctions for high-value photothermal synergistic catalytic oxidation of toluene","authors":"Zhen Li,&nbsp;Sujuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongliao Wang,&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Gaoli Chen,&nbsp;Shifu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The targeted partial oxidation of toluene to valuable products continues to present a significant hurdle in catalytic science. To address the low efficiency of conventional photocatalysis, we developed a photothermal synergistic strategy by constructing a novel S-scheme CdS/MnO₂ heterojunction catalyst. CdS nanoparticles were anchored onto MnO₂, a material with intrinsic photothermal activity, forming a compact S-scheme heterojunction. This architecture generates an intrinsic electric field that markedly accelerates the segregation of light-induced charge carriers and inhibits their recombination. Moreover, CdS incorporation modulates the electronic band structure of MnO₂, thereby improving product selectivity. Owing to these synergistic effects, the optimized 25 % CdS/MnO₂ catalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic performance, attaining a toluene oxidation rate of 14.1 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ with an impressive 90 % selectivity toward benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde under an oxygen atmosphere at 150 °C. Mechanistic investigations via EPR and FT-IR analyses revealed the pivotal role of photothermal synergy in promoting the oxidation process. This work not only provides an effective strategy for designing advanced photothermal heterojunctions but also presents new insights into the selective oxidation of toluene under mild conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual built-in electric field-driven S-scheme heterojunction of D-A COFs/ZnIn2S4 for accelerated charge separation toward high-efficiency H2O2 photosynthesis in pure water","authors":"Jie Guo,&nbsp;Lijun Xue,&nbsp;Fahui Song,&nbsp;Chengpeng Li,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Lili Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of dual built-in electric field (IEF)-driven S-scheme heterojunctions presents a promising strategy to accelerate efficient charge separation and improve charge utilization in photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. Herein, we report, the construction of a heterojunction based on donor-acceptor covalent organic frameworks (D-A COFs) TpAQ (synthesized from two monomers: 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (AQ)) and ZnIn₂S₄ (ZIS), realizing a dual IEF-driven S-scheme heterojunction—one from the heterojunction interface and another from D-A interface within D-A COFs. In particular, the optimized TpAQ/ZIS-10 exhibits a significantly higher visible-light driven photocatalytic H₂O₂ production rate of 2362 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in pure water than TpAQ and ZIS by utilizing both the oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction pathways. Furthermore, the experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the synergistic effect of dual IEF in TpAQ/ZIS heterojunction significantly facilitates efficient charge carrier transfer and separation. This work provides valuable insight for constructing highly efficient S-scheme heterojunctions with dual IEF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition engineering in covalent organic frameworks for tailored photocatalysis","authors":"Yihong Shao ,&nbsp;Rongchen Shen ,&nbsp;Song Wang ,&nbsp;Shijie Li ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harmful effects of the energy crisis and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly severe, which urgently demands the advancement of eco-friendly and sustainable production techniques. Direct conversion of abundant solar energy into chemical energy represents a promising green and efficient technological solution. In this process, photocatalysts play a pivotal role. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of porous materials interconnected by covalent bonds, exhibit exceptional potential for photocatalysis due to their high surface area, excellent crystallinity, and tunable structures. This review discusses the roles of compositional regulation in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of COFs, including modulating light absorption, increasing active sites, promoting exciton dissociation, and improving carrier separation. Furthermore, computational and mechanistic characterization methods are also discussed. More importantly, the key strategies in compositional regulation, such as heteroatom engineering, metal single-atom engineering, ion engineering, functional group engineering, Donor-Acceptor (D-A) molecular engineering, side chain engineering, multi-component engineering, isomerism engineering, conjugate bridge engineering, single-molecule junction engineering, and interlayer engineering, are carefully summarized. Moreover, their diversified modification strategies and applications in photocatalytic hydrogen (H₂) evolution, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction are also addressed. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for COF-based photocatalysis are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 12","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient photocatalytic conversion H2S over NiS2/twinned-Mn0.5Cd0.5S Schottky/S-scheme homojunction in Na2S/Na2SO3 solution","authors":"Ziyi Xiao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Ma ,&nbsp;Linping Wang ,&nbsp;Haobin Hu ,&nbsp;Enzhou Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concurrent production of hydrogen (H₂) and high-value products from waste and toxic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has long been a goal in the field of photocatalytic decomposition of H₂S. In this study, the twinned Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S (T-MCS) was selected for its combination of solid solution and twin structure advantages, significantly promoting the bulk phase separation of CdS-based photocatalysts. Furthermore, the highly conductive nickel disulfide (NiS₂) was loaded onto T-MCS to create a NiS₂/T-MCS composite photocatalyst that features both a bulk phase S-scheme homojunction and an interface Schottky junction. NiS₂ not only introduces a large number of active sites, but also improves the separation of surface charges obviously. Utilizing a 0.1 mol L⁻¹ (M) sodium sulfide (Na₂S) and 0.6 M anhydrous sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) solution saturated with H₂S as the reaction solution, the 8 wt% NiS₂/T-MCS composite achieves a remarkable hydrogen production rate (<span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></math></span>) of up to 59.95 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy confirm that the sulfur compounds in the reaction solution are nearly completely converted into high-value sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃). The S₂O₃²⁻ was also quantitatively determined by titration. This work presents a novel solid solution twin crystal-based homojunction and Schottky junction for both the photocatalytic treatment of H₂S and the production of Na₂S₂O₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating the formation type by Ir of intermediates to suppress product overoxidation in photocatalytic methane conversion","authors":"Yuhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Yuehan Cao ,&nbsp;Yingjie Shuai ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane, as an abundant resource, serves not only as an excellent fossil fuel but also as a pivotal feedstock for synthesizing high-value-added chemical products. Solar-driven methane conversion offers a highly promising pathway for the direct production of high-value chemicals such as methanol (CH₃OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) under mild conditions. However, the core challenge of this conversion process lies in the tendency of target products to undergo over-oxidation, resulting in low selectivity—a critical bottleneck that urgently requires breakthrough in this field. Herein, we constructed an Ir-modified CdS (Ir_<em>x</em>/CdS) photocatalytic system and proposed that regulating the generation types of key reaction intermediates via metallic Ir is an effective strategy to enhance the selectivity of target products and suppress over-oxidation. <em>In situ</em> diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (<em>in situ</em> DRIFTS) confirmed that the types of key intermediates generated during methane activation differ, which decisively influences the product distribution. On pure CdS surfaces, the key intermediate ∗CH₃O tends to participate in subsequent deep oxidation reactions via its O atom, ultimately leading to over-oxidized products like CO₂. In contrast, after Ir loading, the key reaction intermediate shifts to ∗CH₃. The Ir sites facilitate the conversion of ∗CH₃ to ‧CH₃ radicals through localized electron transfer, and the generated ‧CH₃ radicals rapidly combine with ‧OH radicals to selectively form CH₃OH. The performance evaluation of photocatalytic methane conversion demonstrated that under conditions of 60 °C, 0.1 MPa, and molecular oxygen as the oxidant, the 0.50 wt% Ir-loaded Ir_0.50/CdS sample exhibited optimal performance: the yield of oxygenated liquid products (CH₃OH and HCHO) reached 509.2 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, with overall selectivity enhanced to 88 %. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the coexistence of two valence states of Ir on the catalyst surface (metallic Ir⁰ and oxidized Ir⁴⁺), with the metallic state being dominant. The strategy proposed in this work—regulating intermediate species generation via metal modification to inhibit over-oxidation—provides a novel approach for the efficient conversion of methane into high-value oxygenated chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 2","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF-derived g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 S-scheme heterojunction: Interface-engineering enhanced photocatalytic NO conversion","authors":"Yanping Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiatong Zhang ,&nbsp;Linping Li ,&nbsp;Yangqin Gao ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Lei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the growing challenge of nitrogen oxides (NO_<em>x</em>) pollution in the atmosphere requires the development of photocatalysts with both high efficiency and strong selectivity. In this study, a g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄ (CN/ZIS) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed, in which ZnIn₂S₄ with a hollow tubular morphology was synthesized via a MOF-derived strategy, and g-C₃N₄ served as an efficient electron transfer platform. The optimized CN/ZIS-0.1 exhibited remarkable photocatalytic efficacy under visible-light radiation, attaining a NO removal efficiency of 67.29 %, markedly surpassing that of pristine g-C₃N₄ (41.41 %) and ZIS (27.8 %). Additionally, a high NO-to-nitrate selectivity of 77.47 % was attained, exceeding that of pristine g-C₃N₄ (49.01 %). The material characterization results revealed that CN/ZIS-0.1 not only has a wider light absorption range but also its unique structure provides more reaction sites. Further photoelectrochemical measurements and DFT simulations confirm that the built-in electric field (BIEF) formed at the CN/ZIS interface facilitates the directional migration of photogenerated electrons towards the g-C₃N₄ surface, and photogenerated holes migrate towards the surface of ZIS, thereby promoting the generation of key reactive species and enhancing NO adsorption. This work not only demonstrates the potential of constructing S-scheme heterojunctions by coupling MOF-derived hollow structures with two-dimensional semiconductors for NO oxidation, but also offers an effective strategy for developing highly selective NO photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO2/CdIn2S4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst promotes photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled vanillyl alcohol oxidation","authors":"Jiali Lei ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Guohong Wang ,&nbsp;Zihui Liang ,&nbsp;Jinmao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a dual-function TiO₂/CdIn₂S₄ S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated through electrospinning and hydrothermal methods for hydrogen generation coupled with the selective oxidation of vanillyl alcohol (VAL) to vanillin (VN). The results indicate that the hybrid material containing 0.5 wt% CdIn₂S₄ possesses the best photocatalytic performance. The hydrogen generation rate reaches 403.36 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Meanwhile, the conversion of VAL is measured to be 90.99 %. The results of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the S-scheme heterojunction enhances the rate of charge migration and improves the efficiency of charge separation. In this system, the photoexcited holes with stronger oxidation capacity are reserved to catalyze the conversion of VAL into VN, while the photoexcited electrons with stronger reduction capacity are utilized to generate hydrogen. This study introduces a promising strategy that combines photocatalytic hydrogen generation with the selective conversion of organic compounds, offering novel insights into the development of innovative photocatalysts for effective solar energy utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 12","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced H2O2 production performance via indirect two-electron reduction of HOF/BiVO4 (010) S-scheme photocatalyst","authors":"Ling Zhou ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Liwen Huang ,&nbsp;Yan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven oxygen reduction for H₂O₂ production offers a green, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional industrial anthraquinone process and direct H₂/O₂ synthesis. In this study, through targeted crystal facet engineering, a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was selectively anchored onto the (010) facet of BiVO₄, forming an S-scheme heterojunction where the HOF is the reducing side and oxygen reduction occurs to produce H₂O₂. This configuration significantly enhanced the H₂O₂ yield to 555 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, representing a ∼37 % improvement compared to randomly contacted HOF/BiVO₄ systems. In situ Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) revealed the formation of an intrinsic electric field between the (110) and (010) facets of pristine BiVO₄, with the (010) facet becoming electron-rich under illumination. Further investigation of the HOF/BiVO₄ (010) material, where HOF is directionally anchored to the (010) facet of BiVO₄, demonstrated the establishment of an additional built-in electric field between the two components. Thus, we propose a novel HOF/BiVO₄ (010) photocatalytic material featuring dual built-in electric fields in the heterojunctions, which significantly promote the dual directed charge transfer in the different facets of single crystal BiVO₄ and the interface of the S-scheme heterojunction. In situ XPS further confirmed the S-scheme heterojunction electron transfer mechanism. By introducing electron scavengers and hole trappers, we conclusively verified that the heterojunction-mediated photocatalytic process follows a two-electron ORR pathway. EPR spectroscopy detected the presence of superoxide radicals (∙O₂⁻), indicating that the ORR proceeds via an indirect two-electron transfer mechanism. The synergistic effects of the dual built-in electric fields, S-scheme heterojunction structure, and two-electron ORR pathway collectively contribute to the superior photocatalytic performance of this system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 3","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in carbon dots as a single photocatalyst","authors":"Yu Liu,&nbsp;Pengfei Li,&nbsp;Yize Liu,&nbsp;Zaicheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs), as a class of highly promising multifunctional carbon nanomaterials, have emerged as a hot research topic in photocatalysis due to their strong visible-light absorption, favorable optical properties, and tunable bandgap structures. In recent years, extensive efforts have been devoted to enhancing the catalytic performance by combining CDs with other catalysts to form complexes. Beyond that, CDs also present a decent catalytic performance in various fields. However, summaries focusing on photocatalytic performance and mechanisms of CDs as a single-component photocatalyst remain scarce. A thorough understanding of structural characteristics and modulation strategies of the CDs is crucial for further advancing their photocatalytic applications. This review systematically summarizes the intrinsic structural features of CDs, performance enhancement strategies, including elemental doping and surface functionalization, and their applications as single-component catalysts in diverse photocatalytic reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"42 2","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}