Gene regulatory studies are of significant importance in many scenarios such as mental illness. 21% of U.S adults experience mental illnesses including 1 in 4 active-duty military personnel. Mental health can be identified in the body by different biomarkers. These biomarkers potentially controlled by riboswitches, which are located in mRNA and switch “ON” or “OFF” depending on the concentration of a biomarker. In this research, a known riboswitch reengineered and its response in the presence of a biomarker investigated. We changed computationally PreQ1, a known riboswitch that has the smallest aptamer, and then experimentally tested against biomarkers, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), Serotonin, Cortisol, Dopamine, Epinephrine, and Norepinephrine. A total of 7 variant riboswitches were tested in this research, 4 created computationally discussed here and 3 experimentally not covered in this paper. The results from these variants showed that variants 1 and 2 had different responses to DHEA-S then the expected PreQ1 response. A dose response showed downward trend as DHEA-S concentration increased. In conclusion of this research, riboswitches can be re-engineered to have a different response to biomarkers at the same time keeping the same structure.
{"title":"Simulation of gene regulatory elements for biosensing","authors":"Mallory Bates, Svetlana Harbough, Tarun Goswami","doi":"10.25082/ab.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ab.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Gene regulatory studies are of significant importance in many scenarios such as mental illness. 21% of U.S adults experience mental illnesses including 1 in 4 active-duty military personnel. Mental health can be identified in the body by different biomarkers. These biomarkers potentially controlled by riboswitches, which are located in mRNA and switch “ON” or “OFF” depending on the concentration of a biomarker. In this research, a known riboswitch reengineered and its response in the presence of a biomarker investigated. We changed computationally PreQ1, a known riboswitch that has the smallest aptamer, and then experimentally tested against biomarkers, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), Serotonin, Cortisol, Dopamine, Epinephrine, and Norepinephrine. A total of 7 variant riboswitches were tested in this research, 4 created computationally discussed here and 3 experimentally not covered in this paper. The results from these variants showed that variants 1 and 2 had different responses to DHEA-S then the expected PreQ1 response. A dose response showed downward trend as DHEA-S concentration increased. In conclusion of this research, riboswitches can be re-engineered to have a different response to biomarkers at the same time keeping the same structure.","PeriodicalId":69883,"journal":{"name":"生物芯片进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69216546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cellulose fibres, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose derivatives are all examples of cellulose-based materialsthat display superior characteristics with a number of desirable properties, including biodegradability, sustainability, biocompatibility, thermal properties , optical transparency, flexibility, high mechanical strength, high porosity,hydrophilicity, a large surface area and broad chemical modification capabilities. "Smart" materials based on cellulose created by the chemical changes and physical incorporation/blending techniques offer numerous advantages, most notably their intelligent responses to environmental stimuli. Conductive networks are formed in cellulose-based composite materials by combining or coating conductive materials with the cellulose components or by directly carbonising the cellulose materials. Numerous nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms are explained and how they can be tailored to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent features suitable for sensing applications using nanomaterials or as biomaterials. The responsiveness of these "smart" materials to pH, temperature, light, electricity, magnetic fields and mechanical forces, among other parameters, is also reviewed, as were their applications as drug delivery systems, hydrogels, electronic active papers, sensors, shape memory materials, smart membranes, etc.
{"title":"Cellulose based smart sensors","authors":"Ekta Jagtiani","doi":"10.25082/ab.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ab.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose fibres, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose derivatives are all examples of cellulose-based materialsthat display superior characteristics with a number of desirable properties, including biodegradability, sustainability, biocompatibility, thermal properties , optical transparency, flexibility, high mechanical strength, high porosity,hydrophilicity, a large surface area and broad chemical modification capabilities. \"Smart\" materials based on cellulose created by the chemical changes and physical incorporation/blending techniques offer numerous advantages, most notably their intelligent responses to environmental stimuli. Conductive networks are formed in cellulose-based composite materials by combining or coating conductive materials with the cellulose components or by directly carbonising the cellulose materials. Numerous nanopaper-based optical sensing platforms are explained and how they can be tailored to exhibit plasmonic or photoluminescent features suitable for sensing applications using nanomaterials or as biomaterials. The responsiveness of these \"smart\" materials to pH, temperature, light, electricity, magnetic fields and mechanical forces, among other parameters, is also reviewed, as were their applications as drug delivery systems, hydrogels, electronic active papers, sensors, shape memory materials, smart membranes, etc.","PeriodicalId":69883,"journal":{"name":"生物芯片进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69216564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Alam, M. T. Uddin, M. M. Rahman, Abdullah M. Asiri, M. A. Islam
The 4-NPHyd (4-nitrophenylhydrazine) electrochemical sensor assembled using wet-chemically prepared ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticle (NPs) decorated a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conductive Nafion binder. The synthesized NPs characterized by XPS, ESEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The calibration of the proposed sensor obtained from current versus concentration of 4-NPHyd found linear over a concentration (0.1 nM ~ 0.01 mM) of 4-NPHyd, which denoted as the dynamic range (LDR) for detection of 4-NPHyd. The 4-NPHyd sensor sensitivity calculated using the LDR slope considering the active surface of GCE (0.0316 cm2), which is equal to be 7.6930 µAµM/cm2, an appreciable value. The detection limit (LOD) at signal/noise (S/N = 3) estimated, and outstanding lower value at 94.63±4.73 pM perceived. The analytical parameters such as reproducibility, long-term performing ability and response time are found as appreciable. Finally, the projected sensor shows exceptional performances in the detection of 4-NPHyd in environmental samples.
{"title":"A reliable electrochemical sensor developed based on ZnO/SnO₂ nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode","authors":"M. M. Alam, M. T. Uddin, M. M. Rahman, Abdullah M. Asiri, M. A. Islam","doi":"10.25082/ab.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ab.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"The 4-NPHyd (4-nitrophenylhydrazine) electrochemical sensor assembled using wet-chemically prepared ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticle (NPs) decorated a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conductive Nafion binder. The synthesized NPs characterized by XPS, ESEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The calibration of the proposed sensor obtained from current versus concentration of 4-NPHyd found linear over a concentration (0.1 nM ~ 0.01 mM) of 4-NPHyd, which denoted as the dynamic range (LDR) for detection of 4-NPHyd. The 4-NPHyd sensor sensitivity calculated using the LDR slope considering the active surface of GCE (0.0316 cm2), which is equal to be 7.6930 µAµM/cm2, an appreciable value. The detection limit (LOD) at signal/noise (S/N = 3) estimated, and outstanding lower value at 94.63±4.73 pM perceived. The analytical parameters such as reproducibility, long-term performing ability and response time are found as appreciable. Finally, the projected sensor shows exceptional performances in the detection of 4-NPHyd in environmental samples.","PeriodicalId":69883,"journal":{"name":"生物芯片进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69216491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajinkya Raut, P. Renner, Rick Wang, S. Kazadi, Siddhi Mehta, Yan Chen, Hong Liang
Polymer brushes are macromolecular structures with polymer chains tethered to a surface resembling a brush. They have shown variety of uses in biological applications. Because of the nature of crafted polymers, the functionalized surfaces exhibit unique functions such as low friction, altered adhesion, protein binding and selective adsorption. Functionalization can be controlled by changing parameters such as grafting densities, chemical configurations, shapes and thickness. In this review, a particular emphasis has been provided for studies related to biological applications of polymer brushes based on their ultra-low friction, hydrophilic elongated surfaces, and binding properties. It provides useful information for researches and labs working on finding better solutions for drug delivery, arthritis, artificial joints, antibiofouling coatings and protein immobilization and purification.
{"title":"Roles of polymer brushes in biological applications","authors":"Ajinkya Raut, P. Renner, Rick Wang, S. Kazadi, Siddhi Mehta, Yan Chen, Hong Liang","doi":"10.25082/AB.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AB.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer brushes are macromolecular structures with polymer chains tethered to a surface resembling a brush. They have shown variety of uses in biological applications. Because of the nature of crafted polymers, the functionalized surfaces exhibit unique functions such as low friction, altered adhesion, protein binding and selective adsorption. Functionalization can be controlled by changing parameters such as grafting densities, chemical configurations, shapes and thickness. In this review, a particular emphasis has been provided for studies related to biological applications of polymer brushes based on their ultra-low friction, hydrophilic elongated surfaces, and binding properties. It provides useful information for researches and labs working on finding better solutions for drug delivery, arthritis, artificial joints, antibiofouling coatings and protein immobilization and purification.","PeriodicalId":69883,"journal":{"name":"生物芯片进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69216435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to create a laboratory model of an amperometric microbial biosensor for maltose quantification in the presence and absence of starch and to estimate the use of the model in the study of maltase activity of the culture-receptor. The biosensor for maltose was developed on the basis of a Clark-type oxygen electrode, coupled with a bioreceptor, which contained bacterial cells immobilized on the membrane. The determination of maltose concentration was based on measuring the rate of electrode current change in response to addition of the analyte. The detection limit of the biosensor was 1 µM maltose, a linear interval of standard curve was observed from 14 µM up to 1.9 mM of maltose. The microbial biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity to maltose, 36.02 nА (M·s)-1. Combination of bioreceptors on the basis of fungus and bacterium allowed of using the biosensor for quantification of maltose in the presence of starch. Changes in metabolism of the culture-receptor had an effect on the biosensor response. It indicated that the developed model was a tool of simple construction and easy-to-use in the study of maltase activity of the immobilized culture-receptor.
{"title":"Biosensor for maltose quantification and estimation of maltase activity","authors":"E. Emelyanova","doi":"10.25082/AB.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AB.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to create a laboratory model of an amperometric microbial biosensor for maltose quantification in the presence and absence of starch and to estimate the use of the model in the study of maltase activity of the culture-receptor. The biosensor for maltose was developed on the basis of a Clark-type oxygen electrode, coupled with a bioreceptor, which contained bacterial cells immobilized on the membrane. The determination of maltose concentration was based on measuring the rate of electrode current change in response to addition of the analyte. The detection limit of the biosensor was 1 µM maltose, a linear interval of standard curve was observed from 14 µM up to 1.9 mM of maltose. The microbial biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity to maltose, 36.02 nА (M·s)-1. Combination of bioreceptors on the basis of fungus and bacterium allowed of using the biosensor for quantification of maltose in the presence of starch. Changes in metabolism of the culture-receptor had an effect on the biosensor response. It indicated that the developed model was a tool of simple construction and easy-to-use in the study of maltase activity of the immobilized culture-receptor.","PeriodicalId":69883,"journal":{"name":"生物芯片进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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