The small Lipschitz is a generalization of the Lipschitz condition. The Lipschitz condition guarantees the uniqueness of the solution of the initial value problems. A special Lipschitz condition in the small is a contraction in the small. Based on the small Lipschitz in this paper, fixed-point theorems involving contraction in the small will be presented. The results will be applied to develop Picard’s theorem.
{"title":"Fixed-Point Theorems Involving Small Lipschitz","authors":"C. R. Indrati","doi":"10.1155/2023/5236150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5236150","url":null,"abstract":"The small Lipschitz is a generalization of the Lipschitz condition. The Lipschitz condition guarantees the uniqueness of the solution of the initial value problems. A special Lipschitz condition in the small is a contraction in the small. Based on the small Lipschitz in this paper, fixed-point theorems involving contraction in the small will be presented. The results will be applied to develop Picard’s theorem.","PeriodicalId":7061,"journal":{"name":"Abstract and Applied Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem with a small time lag is examined. Because of the appearance of a small perturbation parameter, a boundary layer is observed in the solution of the problem. A hybrid scheme has been constructed, which is a combination of the cubic spline method in the boundary layer region and the midpoint upwind scheme in the outer layer region on a piecewise Shishkin mesh in the spatial direction. For the discretization of the time derivative, the Crank-Nicolson method is used. Error analysis of the proposed method has been performed. We found that the proposed scheme is second-order convergent. Numerical examples are given, and the numerical results are in agreement with the theoretical results. Comparisons are made, and the results of the proposed scheme give more accurate solutions and a higher rate of convergence as compared to some previous findings available in the literature.
{"title":"Hybrid Fitted Numerical Scheme for Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion Problem with a Small Time Lag","authors":"M. Ayele, A. Tiruneh, G. A. Derese","doi":"10.1155/2023/4382780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4382780","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem with a small time lag is examined. Because of the appearance of a small perturbation parameter, a boundary layer is observed in the solution of the problem. A hybrid scheme has been constructed, which is a combination of the cubic spline method in the boundary layer region and the midpoint upwind scheme in the outer layer region on a piecewise Shishkin mesh in the spatial direction. For the discretization of the time derivative, the Crank-Nicolson method is used. Error analysis of the proposed method has been performed. We found that the proposed scheme is second-order convergent. Numerical examples are given, and the numerical results are in agreement with the theoretical results. Comparisons are made, and the results of the proposed scheme give more accurate solutions and a higher rate of convergence as compared to some previous findings available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":7061,"journal":{"name":"Abstract and Applied Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purposes of this study are to propose the modified radial basis function (RBF) collocation method using a hybrid radial basis function to solve the convection-diffusion problems numerically and to choose the optimal shape parameter of radial basis functions. The modified numerical scheme is tested on a benchmark problem with varying shape parameters. The root mean square error and maximum error are used to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The proposed method can be a good alternative to the radial basis function collocation method to improve accuracy and results.
{"title":"A Modified RBF Collocation Method for Solving the Convection-Diffusion Problems","authors":"N. Chuathong","doi":"10.1155/2023/8727963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8727963","url":null,"abstract":"The main purposes of this study are to propose the modified radial basis function (RBF) collocation method using a hybrid radial basis function to solve the convection-diffusion problems numerically and to choose the optimal shape parameter of radial basis functions. The modified numerical scheme is tested on a benchmark problem with varying shape parameters. The root mean square error and maximum error are used to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The proposed method can be a good alternative to the radial basis function collocation method to improve accuracy and results.","PeriodicalId":7061,"journal":{"name":"Abstract and Applied Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we explore a generalised solution of the Cauchy problems for the q -heat and q -wave equations which are generated by Jackson’s and the q -Sturm-Liouville operators with respect to t and x , respectively. For this, we use a new method, where a crucial tool is used to represent functions in the Fourier series expansions in a Hilbert space on quantum calculus. We show that these solutions can be represented by explicit formulas generated by the q -Mittag-Leffler function. Moreover, we prove the unique existence and stability of the weak solutions.
{"title":"On the Heat and Wave Equations with the Sturm-Liouville Operator in Quantum Calculus","authors":"S. Shaimardan, L. Persson, N. Tokmagambetov","doi":"10.1155/2023/2488165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2488165","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore a generalised solution of the Cauchy problems for the \u0000 \u0000 q\u0000 \u0000 -heat and \u0000 \u0000 q\u0000 \u0000 -wave equations which are generated by Jackson’s and the \u0000 \u0000 q\u0000 \u0000 -Sturm-Liouville operators with respect to \u0000 \u0000 t\u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 x\u0000 \u0000 , respectively. For this, we use a new method, where a crucial tool is used to represent functions in the Fourier series expansions in a Hilbert space on quantum calculus. We show that these solutions can be represented by explicit formulas generated by the \u0000 \u0000 q\u0000 \u0000 -Mittag-Leffler function. Moreover, we prove the unique existence and stability of the weak solutions.","PeriodicalId":7061,"journal":{"name":"Abstract and Applied Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47203272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we mainly discuss the existence and uniqueness of fixed point satisfying integral type contractions in complete metric spaces via rational expression using real-valued functions. We improve and unify many widely known results from the literature. Among these, the work of Rakotch (1962), Branciari (2002), and Liu et al. (2013) is extended. Finally, we conclude with an example presented graphically in favour of our work.
本文主要利用实值函数的有理表达式,讨论了完备度量空间中满足整型压缩的不动点的存在唯一性。我们改进和统一了文献中许多广为人知的结果。其中,扩展了Rakotch(1962)、Branciari(2002)和Liu et al.(2013)的工作。最后,我们用一个图形化的例子来说明我们的工作。
{"title":"Fixed Point Results via Real-Valued Function Satisfying Integral Type Rational Contraction","authors":"Naveen Mani, Amit Sharma, Rahul Shukla","doi":"10.1155/2023/2592507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2592507","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we mainly discuss the existence and uniqueness of fixed point satisfying integral type contractions in complete metric spaces via rational expression using real-valued functions. We improve and unify many widely known results from the literature. Among these, the work of Rakotch (1962), Branciari (2002), and Liu et al. (2013) is extended. Finally, we conclude with an example presented graphically in favour of our work.","PeriodicalId":7061,"journal":{"name":"Abstract and Applied Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44169410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}