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Hydrocarbon Generation Potential and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of the Cambrian Marine Shale in the Tadong Low Uplift, Tarim Basin 塔里木盆地塔东低隆起带寒武系海相页岩的碳氢生成潜力和有机质富集机制
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15163
Huan MIAO, Yanbin WANG, Zhenxue JIANG, Shihu ZHAO, Peng SHANG, Xun GONG, Chuanqi TAO, Yu ZHANG

Cambrian shales in China and elsewhere contain abundant oil and gas resources. However, due to its deep burial and limited outcrop, there has been relatively little research conducted on it. The Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift in the Tarim Basin of western China, specifically the Xidashan–Xishanbulake Formation (Fm.) and overlying Moheershan Fm. provide a case study through the use of organic petrology, mineralogy, organic and elemental geochemistry, with the aim of analyzing and exploring the hydrocarbon generation potential (PG) and organic matter (OM) enrichment mechanisms within these shale formations. The results indicate that: (1) the Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift exhibits relatively dispersed OM that consists of vitrinite-like macerals and solid bitumen. These formations have a higher content of quartz and are primarily composed of silica-based lithology; (2) shale samples from the Xidashan–Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations demonstrate high total organic carbon (TOC) and low pyrolytic hydrocarbon content (S2) content. The OM is predominantly type I and type II kerogens, indicating a high level of maturation in the wet gas period. These shales have undergone extensive hydrocarbon generation, showing characteristics of relatively poor PG; (3) the sedimentary environments of the Xidashan–Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations in the Tadong low uplift are similar. They were deposited in warm and humid climatic conditions, in oxygen-deficient environments, with stable terrigenous inputs, high paleoproductivity, high paleosalinity, weak water-holding capacity, and no significant hydrothermal activity; and (4) the relationship between TOC and the paleoproductivity parameter (P/Ti) is most significant in the Lower Cambrian Xidashan–Xishanbulake Fm., whereas correlation with other indicators is not evident. This suggests a productivity-driven OM enrichment model, where input of land-derived material was relatively small during the Middle Cambrian, and the ancient water exhibited lower salinity. A comprehensive pattern was formed under the combined control of paleoproductivity and preservation conditions. This study provides valuable guidance for oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.

中国和其他地区的寒武系页岩蕴藏着丰富的油气资源。然而,由于埋藏较深且出露有限,对其进行的研究相对较少。中国西部塔里木盆地塔东低隆起带的寒武系页岩,特别是西大山-西山布拉克地层(Fm.)及其上覆的莫合尔山地层(Moheershan Fm.)提供了一个研究案例,通过有机岩石学、矿物学、有机地球化学和元素地球化学,分析和探索这些页岩层的碳氢化合物生成潜力(PG)和有机质(OM)富集机制。研究结果表明(1) 田东低隆起带寒武系页岩中的有机质相对分散,由类玻璃石矿物和固体沥青组成。这些地层的石英含量较高,主要由硅质岩性组成;(2)西大山-西山布拉克地层和漠河山地层的页岩样本显示出较高的总有机碳(TOC)和较低的 S2 含量。OM 主要为 I 型和 II 型角砾岩,表明湿气期的成熟度较高。这些页岩经历了广泛的碳氢化合物生成过程,显示出相对贫乏的 PG 特征;(3)塔东低隆起带的西大山-西山布拉克地层和漠河山地层的沉积环境相似。它们都沉积在温暖湿润的气候条件下,处于缺氧环境中,土著输入稳定,古生产率高,古盐度高,持水能力弱,没有明显的热液活动;(4)在下寒武统西大山-西山布拉克地层中,TOC与古生产率参数(P/Ti)的关系最为显著,而与其他指标的相关性并不明显。这表明中寒武统时期陆源物质输入相对较少,古水盐度较低,是一种生产力驱动的 OM 富集模式。在古生产率和保存条件的共同控制下,形成了一个综合模式。这项研究为塔里木盆地的油气勘探提供了宝贵的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Genesis of the Jianbeigou Gold Deposit on the Southern Margin of the North China Craton: Insights from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes, and Pyrite in situ Trace Element Analyses 华北克拉通南缘江北沟金矿床的成因:流体包裹体、H-O-S 同位素和黄铁矿原位微量元素分析的启示
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15195
Fengchun LI, Qingdong ZENG, Rixiang ZHU, Shaoxiong CHU, Wei XIE, Bing YU, Jinjian WU, Xinghui LI

The Jianbeigou gold deposit is a typical lode gold deposit in the Qinling metallogenic belt, located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Three stages of the hydrothermal process can be distinguished, including the quartz ± pyrite, quartz-polymetallic sulfide, and quartz-carbonate ± pyrite stages. From the early to late stages, the homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are 281–362°C, 227–331°C, and 149–261°C, respectively. The corresponding salinities estimated for these fluids are 3.9–9.9 wt%, 0.4–9.4 wt%, and 0.7–7.2 wt% NaCl equiv. Combined with laser Raman spectroscopy data, the ore-forming fluid belongs to a H2O-CO2-NaCl ± CH4 system with medium–low temperature and salinity. The δ18Ofluid and δD values for the quartz veins are –1.0‰ to 6.0‰ and –105‰ to –84‰, respectively, which indicates that the ore-forming fluid is of mixed source, mainly derived from magma, with a contribution from meteoric water. Pyrite has been identified into three generations based on mineral paragenetic sequencing, including Py1, Py2, and Py3. The pyrites have δ34S sulfur isotopic compositions from three stages between 3.7‰ and 8.4‰, indicating that sulfur mainly originated from magma. Te, Bi, Sb, and Cu contents in pyrite were all high and showed a strong correlation with Au concentrations. Native gold and the Au-Ag-Bi telluride minerals were formed concurrently, and the As concentration was low and decoupled from the Au content. Therefore, Te, Bi, Sb and other low-melting point chalcophile elements play an important role for gold mineralization in arsenic-deficient ore-forming fluid. Combined with the geological setting, evolution of pyrite, and ore-fluids geochemistry, we propose that the Jianbeigou deposit can be classified as a magmatic–hydrothermal lode gold deposit. Gold mineralization on the southern margin of the North China Craton is related to Early Cretaceous magmatism and formed in an extensional setting.

涧北沟金矿床是位于华北克拉通南缘秦岭成矿带中的一个典型矿床。热液过程可分为三个阶段,包括石英±黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐±黄铁矿阶段。从早期到晚期,原生流体包裹体的均质化温度分别为 281-362°C、227-331°C 和 149-261°C。这些流体的相应盐度估计分别为 3.9-9.9%、0.4-9.4% 和 0.7-7.2%。结合激光拉曼光谱数据,成矿流体属于中低温、低盐度的 H2O-CO2-NaCl ± CH4 体系。石英脉的δ18Ofluid和δD值分别为-1.0‰至6.0‰和-105‰至-84‰,这表明成矿流体为混合来源,主要来自岩浆,也有陨石水的贡献。根据矿物副成因排序,黄铁矿被鉴定为三代,包括Py1、Py2和Py3。黄铁矿的δ34S硫同位素组成来自3.7‰和8.4‰之间的三个阶段,表明硫主要来源于岩浆。黄铁矿中 Te、Bi、Sb 和 Cu 的含量都很高,并且与金的浓度有很强的相关性。原生金和碲化金-银-铋矿物是同时形成的,而砷的浓度较低,且与金的含量脱钩。因此,Te、Bi、Sb 等低熔点亲铝元素对缺砷成矿流体中金的成矿具有重要作用。结合地质环境、黄铁矿演化和成矿流体地球化学,我们认为江北沟矿床可归类为岩浆-热液型金矿床。华北克拉通南缘的金矿化与早白垩世岩浆活动有关,是在延伸环境中形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Principle of Hydrogen Isotope Geochemistry Paleo-altimeter and its Potential in Reconstructing Paleo-elevation of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau 古高原氢同位素地球化学原理及其在重建青藏高原东南部古高程中的潜力
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15196
Fengzhen CUI, Jing LIU-ZENG, Yunshuai LI, Qiang XU, Maoyun TANG, Heng WANG, Zhaotong SUN

The reconstruction of paleo-elevation serves a dual purpose to enhance our comprehension of geodynamic processes affecting terrestrial landforms and to contribute significantly to the interpretation of atmospheric circulation and biodiversity. The oxygen (δ18Ow) and deuterium (δDw) isotopes in atmospheric precipitation are systematically depleted with the increase of altitude, which are typical and widely applicated paleo-altimeters. The utilization of hydrogen isotope of hydrous silicate minerals within the shear zone system, volcanic glass, and plant leaf wax alkanes offers valuable insights for addressing evaporation and diagenesis. In this paper, we review the principle, application conditions, and influencing factors of the hydrogen isotope paleo-altimeter. In addition, we discuss the feasibility of utilizing this technique for quantitatively estimating the paleo-elevation of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where multiple shear zones extend over hundred kilometers parallel to the topographic gradient.

重建古海拔高度具有双重目的,既能加深我们对影响陆地地貌的地球动力过程的理解,又能极大地促进对大气环流和生物多样性的解释。大气降水中的氧(δ18Ow)和氘(δDw)同位素会随着海拔的升高而系统性地损耗,这是典型的、应用广泛的古高程测量指标。利用剪切带系统中的含水硅酸盐矿物、火山玻璃和植物叶蜡烷烃的氢同位素为解决蒸发和成岩问题提供了宝贵的见解。本文回顾了氢同位素古高温计的原理、应用条件和影响因素。此外,我们还讨论了利用该技术定量估算青藏高原东南部古高程的可行性,在青藏高原东南部,多条剪切带与地形梯度平行延伸超过百公里。
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引用次数: 0
Cognate Mafic Enclaves Formed by Cumulated Mush Convection in a Granitic Magma Chamber: Evidence from Mineral Chemistry of the Triassic Zhashui Pluton, Qinling Orogen 花岗岩岩浆腔中累积缪斯对流形成的同源岩浆围岩:秦岭造山带三叠纪柞水岩浆岩的矿物化学证据
IF 3.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15194
Hongbing ZHANG, Xuchen ZHOU, Shaocong LAI, Hua ZHANG, Jiangfeng QIN
Mafic enclaves in granites are generally considered to represent coeval mafic melts that derived from metasomatized mantle, which can provide valuable information about crust–mantle interaction. Exploring the genetic links between the mafic enclaves and their host monzogranite from the Triassic Zhashui Pluton, Qinling orogenic belt. The enclaves (220 ± 4.6 Ma) and the monzogranite (220 ± 2.8 Ma) display identical zircon U‐Pb ages, and they also share similar trace element and zircon Lu‐Hf isotopes, indicating a cognate source. The monzogranite displays zircon εHf(t) values of –0.99 to +1.98, while the mafic enclaves show similar values of –0.45 to +3.26; however, differences in mineral chemistry reveal different crystallization conditions. The amphibole from the mafic enclaves has higher temperature and pressure (757°C; 2.65 kbar) compared to those of the host monzogranite (733°C; 1.96 kbar), suggesting that mafic minerals in the enclaves crystallized at an early stage. Moreover, apatite in the mafic enclaves displays slightly higher volatile contents (0.72 wt%) than those of the monzogranite (0.66 wt%), indicating a volatile‐rich condition. These results suggest that the mafic enclaves represent early hydrous mafic cumulates in the granitic chamber, and subsequent magma convection would have led to the formation of the mafic enclaves.
花岗岩中的黑云母飞地一般被认为是来自变质地幔的共生黑云母熔体,可以提供有关地壳与地幔相互作用的宝贵信息。探索三叠纪秦岭造山带柞水岩浆岩中黑云母飞地与其寄主单斜花岗岩之间的遗传联系。飞地(220±4.6Ma)和主岩(220±2.8Ma)显示出相同的锆石U-Pb年龄,它们还具有相似的微量元素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素,表明它们具有相同的来源。单斜长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值为-0.99至+1.98,而岩浆岩飞地的锆石εHf(t)值为-0.45至+3.26;然而,矿物化学性质的差异揭示了不同的结晶条件。岩浆岩飞地中的闪石的温度和压力(757°C;2.65千巴)比主岩单斜长岩的温度和压力(733°C;1.96千巴)高,这表明飞地中的岩浆岩矿物结晶较早。此外,黑云母飞地中磷灰石的挥发物含量(0.72 wt%)略高于单斜长岩(0.66 wt%),表明富含挥发物。这些结果表明,黑云母飞地代表了花岗岩腔中早期的含水黑云母累积,随后的岩浆对流导致了黑云母飞地的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Origin of Felsic Microgranitoid Enclaves in Granite in Zhangjiakou District, China: Implication for Process and Lifespan of Granitic Magma Chambers 中国张家口地区花岗岩中长英质微粒岩飞地的起源:对花岗岩岩浆腔过程和寿命的影响
IF 3.3 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15183
Dazhao WANG, Yuhang LIU, Chengbiao LENG, Shimin ZHEN, Jiajun LIU, Zhongjian ZHA
Sparse felsic microgranitoid enclaves (FMEs) in the Shangshuiquan granite of the Zhangjiakou district, the north margin of the North China Craton, are fine‐grained, dark‐colored and exhibit subangular to subspherical shapes. They share similar mineral assemblages, chemical compositions, and zircon Hf isotope compositions to the host granite. New zircon U‐Pb geochronology reveals that the FMEs crystallized at 156–153 Ma, while the Shangshuiquan granite formed at ca. 146 Ma. The FEMs are, therefore, 10 to 7 Ma older than the host granite. Combined with petrological evidence, we suggest that the FMEs are fragments of rapidly crystalized magmas, which were captured by the younger Shangshuiquan magma. Magmas of the FMEs and Shangshuiquan granite originated from the same reservoir. The Shangshuiquan granite is the result of small batches of magma being built up incrementally, and the FMEs belong to the earlier batches of magma. The lifespan of the Shangshuiquan magma reservoir exceeds 10 Ma. FMEs derived from cogenetic fragments have the potential to offer critical information about the formation process and timescale of granitic plutons.
华北克拉通北缘张家口地区山水泉花岗岩中的稀疏长英质微花岗岩飞地(FMEs)颗粒细小,颜色深,呈近方形至近球形。它们的矿物组合、化学成分和锆石 Hf 同位素组成与主花岗岩相似。新的锆石U-Pb地质年代显示,FMEs结晶于156-153Ma,而山水泉花岗岩形成于约146Ma。146 Ma。因此,远东金属矿的年龄比主花岗岩大 10 到 7 Ma。结合岩石学的证据,我们认为FMEs是快速晶化岩浆的碎片,被较年轻的山水泉岩浆捕获。FMEs和山水泉花岗岩的岩浆源自同一储层。上水泉花岗岩是小批量岩浆逐步堆积的结果,而火成岩属于较早的岩浆批次。上水泉岩浆储层的寿命超过10Ma。从同生碎屑中提取的FMEs有可能提供有关花岗质岩体形成过程和时间尺度的重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
The Early Mesozoic NE–SW Extensional Model and Exhumation Processes at the Southeastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Insights from the Strain and Kinematic Vorticity Analysis of the Sonid Zuoqi Ductile Detachment Zone 中亚造山带东南边缘早中生代东北-西南伸展模型及剥蚀过程:从索尼左旗韧性剥离带的应变和运动涡度分析中得到的启示
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15191
Jianbo LI, Zhijie SONG, Hengcong LEI, Tao ZENG

The Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is located at the southeastern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB), striking EW and dipping to the S. The major rock type of the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is mylonite derived from granite. The sequence of mylonite features is: (1) S and C foliations of mylonite, and (2) extensional crenulation cleavage (ecc) or C' and the kinematic vorticity (Wk) value changed from 0.70 to 0.95 and from 0.37 to 0.69, respectively; the strain type of the mylonites within the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is compressional to planar strain. The strong deformation mylonite and Halatu plutons yielded a zircon U-Pb age of 244 Ma and a zircon (U-Th)/He age of 214 Ma, respectively. Based on the strain and kinematic vorticity analysis, together with the zircon U-Pb and zircon (U-Th)/He ages and the regional tectonic background, the study area experienced three stage evolution: tangential simple-shear (244 Ma), simple-shear-dominated general shear represented by upper crustal extension (224 Ma) and pure–shear–dominated general shear represented by the Halatu pluton doming (214 Ma), which constrained the early Mesozoic NE-SW crustal extension at the southeastern margin of the CAOB. This NE-SW extension probably originated from the post-orogenic extensional collapse of the CAOB, subsequent exhumation being controlled by the far afield effects of the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt.

索尼左旗韧性剥离带位于中亚造山带(CAOB)的东南边缘,呈东西走向,向南倾斜。麦饭石的特征序列为:(1)麦饭石的S型和C型叶理;(2)扩展细长裂隙(ecc)或C型,运动涡度(Wk)值分别由0.70变为0.95和由0.37变为0.69;索尼左旗韧性剥离带内麦饭石的应变类型为压应变至平面应变。强变形麦饭石和哈拉图岩块的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为244Ma和214Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He年龄分别为214Ma。根据应变和运动涡度分析,结合锆石 U-Pb 和锆石 (U-Th)/He 年龄以及区域构造背景,研究区域经历了三个阶段的演化:切向简单剪切(244Ma)、以地壳上部延伸为代表的简单剪切为主的总体剪切(224Ma)和以哈拉图岩浆岩穹隆为代表的纯剪切为主的总体剪切(214Ma),从而制约了中生代早期CAOB东南边缘地壳的NE-SW向延伸。这种NE-SW延伸可能起源于CAOB的后成因延伸塌陷,随后的掘起受到蒙古-奥霍次克带闭合的远距离影响的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Basalts in the Central Lhasa Subterrane, Southern Tibet: Implications for the Evolution of the Sumdo Paleo-Tethys Ocean 西藏南部拉萨中部亚寒带晚石炭世至早二叠世玄武岩的地质年代和岩石成因:对苏木岛古太平洋演化的启示
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15178
Wang MA, Yingchao LIU, Zhusen YANG, Jan-Marten HUIZENGA, Zhenqing LI, Longlong YUE, Sibo ZHAO

Basalts from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian are extensively developed in the central Lhasa subterrane, southern Tibet. Studying the petrogenesis of these rocks may have implications for the late Paleozoic arc magmatism along the central Lhasa subterrane uncovering more of the evolution of the Sumdo Paleo-Tethys Ocean and its dynamic mechanism. Basalt samples from the Luobadui Formation in the Leqingla area, NW of Linzhou City in the central Lhasa subterrane, southern Tibet exhibit arc-like geochemical signatures in a subduction-zone tectonic setting characterized by high Al2O3 and low TiO2 contents, fractionated REE patterns with low Nb/La ratios and high LREE concentrations, and negative HFSE anomalies. Based on their higher Th/Ce, Nb/Zr, and lower Ba/Th, Pb/Nd ratios, slightly negative to positive εNd(t) values, and the relatively high Sr-Pb isotopic compositions, these samples were probably derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle source of garnet + spinel lherzolite, metasomatized by subducted sediments around 297 Ma. Modeling of the trace elements indicates that these basalts experienced fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene and minor plagioclase during magma ascent and eruption. It is proposed that these Late Carboniferous–Early Permian basalts are associated with the northward subduction of the Sumdo Paleo-Tethys Ocean seafloor along the southern margin of the central Lhasa subterrane.

晚石炭世至早二叠世的玄武岩广泛发育于西藏南部的拉萨次区域中部。研究这些岩石的岩石成因可能会对拉萨次区域中部晚古生代弧形岩浆活动产生影响,从而揭示更多的苏木岛古生代特提斯洋的演化及其动力机制。来自西藏南部拉萨亚寒带中部林州市西北部乐清拉地区罗巴堆岩层的玄武岩样品在俯冲带构造环境中显示出类似弧的地球化学特征,其特点是Al2O3含量高而TiO2含量低,REE形态分馏,Nb/La比值低而LREE浓度高,以及HFSE负异常。根据这些样品较高的Th/Ce、Nb/Zr比值,较低的Ba/Th、Pb/Nd比值,轻微的负到正的εNd(t)值,以及相对较高的Sr-Pb同位素组成,这些样品可能来自于贫化地幔源石榴石+尖晶石蛭石的部分熔融,在297Ma左右被俯冲沉积物变质。痕量元素建模表明,这些玄武岩在岩浆上升和喷发过程中经历了橄榄石、倩辉石和少量斜长石的部分结晶。据推测,这些石炭纪晚期-二叠纪早期的玄武岩与沿拉萨中央次岩层南缘的苏姆多古特提斯洋海底向北俯冲有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and O-S Isotopes of the Mibei Gold Deposit, Hunan Province, Southern China 中国南方湖南省米贝金矿床的地质、流体包裹体和 O-S 同位素
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15184
Wenhao XUE, Yayun LIANG, Xiaofeng LI, Mingyi LI, Wenbo XIE, Xue PENG, Rui XIA, Hongsheng HE, Jincheng XIAO

The Mibei gold deposit, located in the southwestern part of the Xuefengshan uplift zone, the middle section of the Jiangnan orogenic belt in southern China, has estimated gold resources of approximately seven tons. This deposit is primarily a quartz vein-type gold deposit, with ore bodies occurring mainly within Neoproterozoic metasediments. The main metallic minerals in the ore are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite. In this study, the petrography and microthermometry of ore-forming fluid inclusions, oxygen isotopes of gold-bearing quartz, and sulfur isotopes of gold-bearing sulfides and arsenopyrite were analyzed. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified: type Ia three-phase inclusions comprising vapor and two phases of liquids (VCO2 + LCO2 + LH2O), type Ib two-phase liquids (LCO2 + LH2O), type II two-phase vapor-rich inclusions (V/V + L > 50%), and type III pure liquid inclusions. Type I inclusions were heated uniformly to the liquid phase, type II inclusions were heated uniformly to the gas phase, and type III inclusions were heated without change. In general, the temperature range of homogenization to liquid phase of fluid inclusions in the Mibei gold deposit is 204–227°C. The salinity of the inclusion ranges from 4.6 to 12.2 wt% NaCl equiv. The δ18OSMOW of gold-bearing quartz varies from 16.9‰ to 17.5‰. The δ18OH2O of gold-bearing quartz are varied from 6.5‰ to 7.5‰. The δ34S values of gold-bearing pyrite range from 1.7‰ to 6.8‰. The δ34S values of gold-bearing arsenopyrite range from 5.6‰ to 5.9‰. The δ34S values of pyrite from wall rocks slate range from 6.4‰ to 11.6‰. This evidence implies that the ore-forming fluids of the Mibei gold deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal processes, mixing with minor S from the surrounding metasediments. Combined with the evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic belt, due to the magmatic and tectonic activities of the Xuefengshan uplift during the Caledonian period, the fault seal mechanism controlled the ore-forming process. Overall, the Mibei gold deposit is more akin to a magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposit.

米北金矿床位于中国南方江南造山带中段雪峰山隆起带西南部,估计金资源量约为七吨。该矿床主要是一个石英脉型金矿床,矿体主要分布在新新生代的基岩中。矿石中的主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、黄铜矿和砷黄铁矿。本研究分析了成矿流体包裹体的岩相学和微热学、含金石英的氧同位素以及含金硫化物和砷黄铁矿的硫同位素。确定了三种类型的流体包裹体:Ia 型三相包裹体,包括蒸汽和两相液体(VCO2 + LCO2 + LH2O);Ib 型两相液体(LCO2 + LH2O);II 型两相富含蒸汽的包裹体(V/V + L >50%);III 型纯液体包裹体。I 型夹杂物被均匀加热至液相,II 型夹杂物被均匀加热至气相,III 型夹杂物在加热过程中没有任何变化。一般来说,米北金矿床流体包裹体均匀化为液相的温度范围为 204-227°C。含金石英的δ 18OSMOW 为 16.9‰至 17.5‰。含金石英的 18OH2O δ 值从 6.5‰到 7.5‰不等。含金黄铁矿的 δ34S 值从 1.7‰到 6.8‰不等。含金黄砷矿的 δ34S 值在 5.6‰至 5.9‰之间。壁岩板岩中黄铁矿的 δ34S 值在 6.4‰至 11.6‰之间。这些证据表明,米北金矿床的成矿流体来源于岩浆-热液过程,并与周围的基岩中的少量S混合。结合江南造山带的演化,由于加里东期雪峰山隆起的岩浆和构造活动,断层封闭机制控制了成矿过程。总体而言,米北金矿床更类似于岩浆-热液型金矿床。
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引用次数: 0
Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin, Evolution, and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan, SE China 地球化学和同位素技术对中国东南部武功山西部低焓地热水的起源、演化和停留时间的约束
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15161
Luyao WANG, Kai LIU, Yan MA, Yaoyao ZHANG, Jue TONG, Wuhui JIA, Shouchuan ZHANG, Junliang SUN

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive, clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate change. The Wugongshan area, situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China, is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources. This study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region, encompassing the recharge origin, water–rock interaction mechanisms, and residence time. The results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline, with low enthalpy and mineralization levels. The hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4, while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO3. The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are Na-HCO3 or Ca-HCO3. The δD and δ18O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 m. Molar ratios of major solutes and isotopic compositions of 87Sr/86Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering, dissolution, and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water chemistry. Additionally, geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ascent. The δ13C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and organic. The δ34S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding rock. Age dating using 3H and 14C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.

地热资源作为一种有竞争力的清洁能源,在应对能源危机和减缓气候变化方面日益受到重视。武功山地区位于中国东南沿海地热带,是典型的地热异常区,蕴藏着丰富的中低温地热资源。本研究采用水文地质化学和同位素技术探讨了武功山西部地区地热水的循环演化过程,包括补给来源、水岩相互作用机制和停留时间。结果表明,武功山西部地区地热水呈弱碱性,焓值低,矿化度低。地热水的水化学类型主要为 Na-HCO3 和 Na-SO4,而冷泉的水化学类型均为 Na-HCO3。地表水和雨水的水化学类型为 Na-HCO3 或 Ca-HCO3。主要溶质的摩尔比和 87Sr/86Sr 的同位素组成强调了硅酸盐风化、溶解和阳离子交换在控制地热水化学过程中的重要作用。此外,地热水在上升过程中与冷水发生了不同程度的混合。δ13C值表明,地热水中碳的主要来源是生物和有机碳。δ34S值表明,地热水中的硫酸盐来源于周围岩石中的硫化物矿物。利用 3H 和 14C 同位素进行的年龄测定表明,地热水的停留时间超过 1 kaBP,并经历了一个长距离循环过程。
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引用次数: 0
The Weixi High-silica Granitoids in the Central Sanjiang Orogenic Belt, Southwest China: Implications for Growth of the Continental Crust 中国西南三江造山带中部的维西高硅花岗岩:对大陆地壳生长的影响
IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.15182
Qiuyu WANG, Shouming CHEN, Hongrui ZHANG, Saisai LI

High-silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust. A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc, Southwest China. The intrusions consist of granites, granitic porphyries, and granodiorites. Zircon U-Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248–240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc. The Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb, Th, and U, depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu anomalies. The Weixi granitoids have negative εNd(t) values (–9.8 to –7.8) and negative zircon εHf(t) values (–12.02 to –5.11). The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal material. The Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction, respectively, and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt.

高硅花岗岩记录了大陆地壳的形成和演化过程。在中国西南渭河弧的硅质火山岩中发现了一个新的侵入复合体。侵入体包括花岗岩、花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩。锆石U-Pb年龄数据表明,维西花岗岩形成于248-240Ma,与维西弧的硅质火山岩共生。围溪花岗岩富含 Rb、Th 和 U,贫含 Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta 和 Ti,轻/重稀土元素比值高,Eu 异常略呈负值。围溪花岗岩的εNd(t)值为负值(-9.8 至 -7.8),锆石εHf(t)值为负值(-12.02 至 -5.11)。这些地球化学和同位素特征表明,围溪花岗岩是由古地壳物质部分熔融而成的。渭河花岗岩和硅质火山岩分别由同一岩浆通过晶体堆积和熔融萃取而形成,它们记录了三江造山带中部大陆弧的形成过程。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition
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