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Mindfulness: Helps Curb Impulsive Buying Through Improving Self Control 正念:通过提高自我控制来抑制冲动消费
Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.09.004
Harsh Maheshwari
“People spend 46.9% of their waking hours thinking about something else other than what they are doing and this mind-wandering typically makes them unhappy” (Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010). An antidote to this mind-wandering is “Mindfulness”; derived from ancient Buddhist tradition it refers to an open and non-judgmental form of awareness that is centered on present moment experiences considering both internal and external environment (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). Existing research suggests mindfulness increases self-regulation of attention and self-control (Razza et al., 2015; Panek, Bayer, Cin, & Campbell, 2015). Past research has also suggested mindfulness as a long-term solution to obesity and over-eating (Herpel et al., 2015; Bahl, Milne, Ross, & Chan, 2013). This research suggests mindfulness as a way of improving self-control among consumers and contributes to making a more discerning customer. In my research, I suggest mindfulness as a way to improve self-control and reduce the susceptibility of a consumer to advertising effects, promotion price effects, and impulse buying behavior. We also suggest mindfulness as an intervention to reduce the over-spending problem in consumers. Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) forms the theoretical basis of our research. ELM suggests two ways of information processing, central route, and peripheral route. In central route processing, customer evaluates communication by the logic of the argument presented. In peripheral processing, customer relies on peripherals like the attractiveness of source of information and other such peripherals to process information (Petty & Cacioppo, 1984). The mindful customer is more likely to use central route than the peripheral route of information processing (Schramm & Hu, 2014; Dong & Brunel, 2006; Panek et al., 2015). Due to the difference in information processing, the mindful customer may not be influenced by peripheral cues of marketing like advertising and price promotions. We examine the differential effects of mindfulness vs. non-mindful consumers’ response to marketing messages, through a series of experiments. This research also suggests mindfulness as a way to protect consumers against marketing enticements and improve their self-control against the harmful behavior of impulsive buying and overspending. The research also has implications for improving general happiness in the consumer. Since past research suggests, mind wandering leads to unhappiness in people (Mathew et al., 2010).
“人们醒着的时候有46.9%的时间在思考自己正在做的事情之外的其他事情,这种走神通常会让他们不开心”(Killingsworth&Gilbert,2010)。这种走神的解药是“正念”;它源于古代佛教传统,是指一种开放的、非评判性的意识形式,以当下的体验为中心,同时考虑内部和外部环境(Kabat Zinn,2003)。现有研究表明,正念可以增强注意力的自我调节和自我控制(Razza等人,2015;Panek、Bayer、Cin和Campbell,2015)。过去的研究也表明,正念是解决肥胖和过度饮食的长期方法(Herpel等人,2015;Bahl、Milne、Ross和Chan,2013年)。这项研究表明,正念是提高消费者自我控制能力的一种方式,有助于培养更挑剔的顾客。在我的研究中,我建议将正念作为一种提高自制力的方式,降低消费者对广告效应、促销价格效应和冲动购买行为的易感性。我们还建议将正念作为一种干预措施,以减少消费者的过度消费问题。精化说服可能性模型(ELM)是我们研究的理论基础。ELM提出了两种信息处理方式,即中心路由和外围路由。在中央路线处理中,客户通过所提出的论点的逻辑来评估通信。在外围设备处理中,客户依赖外围设备,如信息源的吸引力和其他此类外围设备来处理信息(Petty&Cacioppo,1984)。细心的客户更有可能使用中心路线而不是外围路线进行信息处理(Schramm&Hu,2014;董和布鲁内尔,2006;Panek等人,2015)。由于信息处理的差异,细心的客户可能不会受到广告和价格促销等营销外围线索的影响。我们通过一系列实验研究了正念与非正念消费者对营销信息的反应的差异效应。这项研究还表明,正念是保护消费者免受营销诱惑的一种方式,并提高他们对冲动购买和超支等有害行为的自制力。这项研究对提高消费者的总体幸福感也有启示。过去的研究表明,走神会导致人的不快乐(Mathew et al.,2010)。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Earnouts in M&A Agreement: An Overview of Empirical Findings 并购协议中盈余的影响:实证研究综述
Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.09.001
Elisa Roncagliolo
From a theoretical perspective, the use of earnouts should mitigate valuation risk of the acquirer involved in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transaction. Earnouts contracts should reduce information asymmetries and moral hazard issues. By contrast, the definition of the terms of such contracts can be difficult and they provide several implementation issues to be faced. Based on these premises, this study aims to examine if the inclusion of earnouts is convenient and who benefits from their use. To this aim, I scrutinize academic literature examining the impact of earnouts. I perform a systematic review of studies in both accounting and financial domains that provide empirical evidence of main consequences due to the use of earnouts in M&A. Findings generally highlight a positive impact on the stock market performance of the acquirer in earnout-financed deals. Nevertheless, the positive reaction of acquirers’ investors is influenced by specific features to be managed. Several issues are still uncovered and need further examination.
从理论角度来看,盈余的使用应该可以降低并购交易中收购方的估值风险。盈利合同应减少信息不对称和道德风险问题。相比之下,这类合同的条款的定义可能很困难,它们提供了需要面对的几个执行问题。基于这些前提,本研究旨在检验耳垢的使用是否方便,以及谁从中受益。为了达到这个目的,我仔细阅读了学术文献,考察了earnouts的影响。我对会计和金融领域的研究进行了系统的审查,这些研究提供了并购中使用earnout造成的主要后果的经验证据。调查结果通常强调了收购方在早期融资交易中对股票市场表现的积极影响。然而,收购方投资者的积极反应受到要管理的特定特征的影响。仍有几个问题未得到解决,需要进一步审查。
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引用次数: 0
Consequences of Exits from Political Unions on Dividend Policy: The Case of Ethiopian Split 政治联盟退出对股利政策的影响:以埃塞俄比亚分裂为例
Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.09.002
Mohamad Youness
This paper examines the consequences of exits from political unions or the split of countries on dividend policy decision, taking the Ethiopian split as a practical case, considered as a major factor in the increase of political tension with Eritrea especially after the secession, that led to the increase in successive political conflicts and dispute over the past years till now. This paper studies the impacts of political conflicts that have been companied with split to this day especially during the period between 2010 and 2019, using a database of six companies from different sectors, from Ethiopia. The results show that the political conflicts such as split have a direct impact on the dividend policy.
本文考察了退出政治联盟或国家分裂对股息政策决定的影响,以埃塞俄比亚分裂为实际案例,被认为是与厄立特里亚政治紧张局势加剧的主要因素,特别是在分离后,导致过去几年来连续的政治冲突和争端增加至今。本文使用来自埃塞俄比亚不同部门的六家公司的数据库,研究了迄今为止伴随着分裂的政治冲突的影响,特别是在2010年至2019年期间。研究结果表明,分裂等政治冲突对股利政策有直接影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between Financial Reporting System and Project Success: A Case of Construction Projects in UAE 财务报告制度与项目成功的关系——以阿联酋建设项目为例
Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.08.003
S. Hussain, F. Khan, M. Jumaa, Sharif Ullah Jan
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing Information Disclosure by Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils: Evidence from Interviews 影响马来西亚国家伊斯兰宗教委员会信息披露的因素:来自访谈的证据
Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.08.002
R. Masruki, K. Hussainey, Doaa A Aly
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引用次数: 2
Digital Marketing Strategies for Effective Customer Relationship Management 有效客户关系管理的数字化营销策略
Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.08.004
Baisakhi Mitra Mustaphi
Digital marketing is growing at a rapid rate. Nearly one in 10 Internet visits ends up at a social network; nearly one in four page views is on a social networking site, thus, making social networking a lucrative option for brand managers to market their brand and to create a brand identity. It is felt that people’s brand choices used to be heavily influenced by advertising. Today, this pattern is changing. Persons with access to computers, iPads, or smart phones now take time to reach the brands in a category, such as cars or TV, before making their final choice. Younger persons find it very easy to look up information about products on the Internet, ask their Facebook friends, attend to bloggers, and watch YouTube. Under this backdrop, this paper will address the various digital marketing strategies for effective customer relationship management.
数字营销正在快速发展。近十分之一的互联网访问最终会访问社交网站;近四分之一的页面浏览量是在社交网站上,因此,社交网络成为品牌经理营销品牌和创建品牌标识的一个有利可图的选择。过去人们对品牌的选择深受广告的影响。今天,这种模式正在改变。现在,拥有电脑、ipad或智能手机的人在做出最终选择之前,会花时间了解某一类别的品牌,比如汽车或电视。年轻人发现在互联网上查找产品信息、询问Facebook上的朋友、关注博客、观看YouTube非常容易。在此背景下,本文将讨论有效的客户关系管理的各种数字营销策略。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical Approach on the GDPR Complexity GDPR复杂性的数学方法
Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.08.001
L. Stoica, Chabbaki Ghizlane
 The objective of this paper work is to create a mathematical approach that can quantify the complexity of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and, at the same time, the implementing of the rules in a company according to the actual benefits of doing so. The scope is to study the rules and regulations imposed by the law, the steps and requirements needed for implementing and to define the indicators that can be used in the mathematical definition of the model. Also, it checks the impact of each indicator in the system and identifies the factors that determine vulnerabilities, what damages are caused by these factors, the risk and impact level of the factors. It proposes a model to evaluate the indicators and the assignment of weights in formula evaluation of each indicator, so the risks of implementing the rules in the business will be smaller as well as the evaluation of the data protection terms of a company will be more balanced and optimal. The approach is from the point of view of the law imposed in implementing the model and the easiness and costs for the companies to do so, including the advantages or disadvantages and the risks they can expose to by doing
 本文的目的是创建一种数学方法,可以量化《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)的复杂性,同时根据这样做的实际利益来量化规则在公司中的实施,实现和定义可用于模型数学定义的指标所需的步骤和要求。此外,它还检查系统中每个指标的影响,并确定确定漏洞的因素,这些因素造成的损害,这些因素的风险和影响程度。它提出了一个评估指标的模型,以及每个指标公式评估中的权重分配,这样在业务中执行规则的风险就会更小,对公司数据保护条款的评估也会更加平衡和优化。这种方法是从实施该模式的法律以及公司这样做的容易性和成本的角度出发的,包括优势或劣势以及他们这样做可能面临的风险
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引用次数: 0
Generations Y and Z in Auditing—Solutions for Enthusing the Young Generations about a Job in the Audit Sector 审计中的Y、Z世代——激发年轻一代对审计工作热情的解决方案
Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.07.003
G. Brösel, Sina Kurte
The audit sector has a problem in recruiting junior staff, which is exacerbated by the changing desires of the youngest generations entering employment, Generations Y and Z, and supposedly by the growth of digitalization. Members of these generations apparently do not find working conditions in the audit sector attractive. This article therefore compares the audit sector’s requirements for potential employees with the expectations of Generations Y and Z of an employer, using the example of the German market. The sector’s requirements are determined with a content structuring qualitative content analysis of selected job advertisements. The expectations of the generations were elicited from the relevant literature, and especially from empirical studies. The analysis reveals the gap between the expectations of members of the youngest generations entering employment and the requirements of the audit sector. Subsequently, potential strategies for attracting sufficiently qualified young staff in the future are outlined.
审计部门在招聘初级员工方面存在问题,最年轻的一代Y和Z世代就业愿望的变化,以及数字化的发展,加剧了这一问题。这几代人显然不觉得审计部门的工作条件有吸引力。因此,本文以德国市场为例,将审计部门对潜在员工的要求与雇主Y世代和Z世代的期望进行了比较。该行业的要求是通过对选定招聘广告的内容结构定性内容分析来确定的。几代人的期望源于相关文献,尤其是实证研究。该分析揭示了最年轻一代成员进入就业岗位的期望与审计部门的要求之间的差距。随后,概述了未来吸引足够合格的年轻工作人员的潜在战略。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Statements Frauds: Does Their Intensity Have a Connection with Earnings Management? 财务报表舞弊:舞弊程度与盈余管理有关吗?
Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.07.001
M. Ciaburri, F. Fortuna, Barbara Sveva Magnanelli, Elisa Raoli
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between the Ethiopian Economic Growth and the Decrease in Purchasing Power of Consumers 埃塞俄比亚经济增长与消费者购买力下降的关系
Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/1548-6583/2020.07.002
Tariku Kolcha Balango
There is no clear theory which states fixed relationship between inflation and growth. Controversy by quantity and institutional inflation theories also confirm this. According to quantity theorists, there is a long-run trade-off between inflation and economic growth but the supporters of institutional theory of inflation, are less sure about presence of negative relationship about inflation and growth. Thus, the relationship between inflation and economic growth is debatable both in the world and specifically to Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this critical review is to determine the relationship between the current status of the Ethiopian economy and the consumer price index by considering the economic development indictors and consumer price index. The nexus of inflation and economic growth is one of the most important macroeconomic policy problems that take the attention of researchers, policy makers and different scholars. Conducting this review will benefit developing countries by discovering what their current status is, as far as a person with a higher level of consumption is regarded as having a higher level of economic wellbeing than someone with a lower level of consumption. This study falls within the ambit of the pragmatism philosophical stance and exploratory in nature. This study applied the inductive method of reasoning and used secondary data. The Study found that there is a negative relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer (consumer price index) synonymously measured by the inflation-macroeconomic growth trade-off. The review reveals that Ethiopian economy is highly growing and the consumer price index (purchasing power of consumers) is decreasing. This shows that the purchasing power consumer (consumer price index) in Ethiopia is not solely determined by the macroeconomic development, which in turn requires further investigation. It is recommended therefore that future research works will explore more on the relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer or clearly can explore the effect of economic growth on the purchasing power of consumers (consumer price index).
并没有明确的理论来说明通货膨胀和增长之间的固定关系。数量和制度通胀理论的争论也证实了这一点。根据数量理论家的说法,通货膨胀和经济增长之间存在长期的权衡,但通货膨胀制度理论的支持者不太确定通货膨胀和增长之间是否存在负关系。因此,通货膨胀和经济增长之间的关系在世界上,特别是在埃塞俄比亚,都是有争议的。因此,本次批判性审查的目的是通过考虑经济发展指标和消费者价格指数,确定埃塞俄比亚经济现状与消费者价格指数之间的关系。通货膨胀与经济增长的关系是研究人员、政策制定者和不同学者关注的最重要的宏观经济政策问题之一。只要消费水平较高的人被认为比消费水平较低的人拥有更高水平的经济福祉,进行这项审查将有助于发展中国家了解其现状。本研究属于实用主义哲学立场和探索性研究的范畴。本研究采用归纳推理的方法,并使用二次数据。研究发现,埃塞俄比亚经济增长与消费者购买力(消费者价格指数)之间存在负相关关系,消费者购买力与通货膨胀宏观经济增长权衡同义。审查显示,埃塞俄比亚经济高度增长,消费者价格指数(消费者购买力)正在下降。这表明,埃塞俄比亚的购买力消费者(消费者价格指数)不仅仅由宏观经济发展决定,这反过来需要进一步调查。因此,建议未来的研究工作将更多地探讨埃塞俄比亚经济增长与消费者购买力之间的关系,或者可以明确地探讨经济增长对消费者购买力(消费者价格指数)的影响。
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引用次数: 1
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现代会计与审计:英文版
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