In this work electromagnetic properties of a new type of graphene nanoparticles are investigated. The particles consist of graphene circular and square rings, embedded in a dielectric environment. The electromagnetic behavior in terms of resonant frequency position, magnitude and amplitude width for the absorption cross-section and the near electric field distribution are evaluated. Moreover, the influence of the geometrical parameters is also evaluated. The electromagnetic analysis is derived through proper full-wave numerical simulations. Numerical results show that the nanoparticles can be successfully used for the development of future graphene-based antennas operating in the TeraHertz Band.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Analysis of Graphene Nanoparticles Operating in the TeraHertz Band","authors":"R. Iovine, R. Tarparelli, L. Vegni","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33010","url":null,"abstract":"In this work \u0000electromagnetic properties of a new type of graphene nanoparticles are investigated. \u0000The particles consist of graphene circular and square rings, embedded in a dielectric environment. The \u0000electromagnetic behavior in terms of resonant frequency position, magnitude and \u0000amplitude width for the absorption cross-section and the near electric field \u0000distribution are evaluated. Moreover, the influence of the geometrical \u0000parameters is also evaluated. The electromagnetic analysis is derived through \u0000proper full-wave numerical simulations. Numerical results show that the nanoparticles \u0000can be successfully used for the development of future graphene-based antennas \u0000operating in the TeraHertz Band.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70336678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bhardwaj, V. Bharti, Abhishek Sharma, D. Mohanty, V. Agrawal, N. Vats, G. Sharma, N. Chaudhary, Shilpa Jain, Jitender Gaur, Kamalika Banerjee, S. Chand
In-situ growth of CdS nanorods (NRs) has been demonstrated via solvothermal, in a low band gap polymer, poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy] benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]] (PTB7). It is a high yielding, green approach as it removes use of volatile and hazardous chemicals such as pyridine as ligand which are conventionally used to synthesize precursors of CdS (NRs). Moreover the solvothermal process is a zero emission process being a close vessel synthesis and hence no material leaching into the atmosphere during the synthesis. The PTB7:CdS nanocomposite has been characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy study of PTB7 with CdS NRs has shown significant PL quenching by the incorporation of CdS NRs in PTB7; this shows that CdS NRs are efficient electron acceptors with the PTB7. The PTB7:CdS is used as active layer in the fabrication of hybrid solar cells (HSC) as donor-acceptor combination in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) geometry. The HSCs fabricated using this active layer without any additional supporting fullerene based electron acceptor has given power conversion efficiency of above 1%.
{"title":"Green Approach for In-Situ Growth of CdS Nanorods in Low Band Gap Polymer Network for Hybrid Solar Cell Applications","authors":"R. Bhardwaj, V. Bharti, Abhishek Sharma, D. Mohanty, V. Agrawal, N. Vats, G. Sharma, N. Chaudhary, Shilpa Jain, Jitender Gaur, Kamalika Banerjee, S. Chand","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33015","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ growth of CdS nanorods (NRs) has been \u0000demonstrated via solvothermal, in a low band gap polymer, poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy] \u0000benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] \u0000thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]] (PTB7). It is a high yielding, green approach as \u0000it removes use of volatile and hazardous chemicals such as pyridine as ligand \u0000which are conventionally used to synthesize precursors of CdS (NRs). Moreover \u0000the solvothermal process is a zero emission process being a close vessel \u0000synthesis and hence no material leaching into the atmosphere during the \u0000synthesis. The PTB7:CdS nanocomposite has been characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, \u0000UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy \u0000study of PTB7 with CdS NRs has shown significant PL quenching by the \u0000incorporation of CdS NRs in PTB7; this shows that CdS NRs are efficient \u0000electron acceptors with the PTB7. The PTB7:CdS is used as active layer in the \u0000fabrication of hybrid solar cells (HSC) as donor-acceptor combination in the \u0000bulk heterojunction (BHJ) geometry. The HSCs fabricated using this active layer \u0000without any additional supporting fullerene based electron acceptor has given \u0000power conversion efficiency of above 1%.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/ANP.2014.33015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sourani, M. Afkhami, Y. Kazemzadeh, Houman Fallah
Fines migration is defined as separation of a Nano-sized particle by fluid flow in porous media and its migration along some distances and its entrapment in a narrow pore throat or its settlement on pore wall. Although this phenomenon happens in scales of Nano-meters, it can lead to sever irretrievable damages. This damage includes permeability reduction that causes drastic oil recovery reduction. There are several forces impacting a fine that is placed on a pore wall. Some of most important forces affecting settlement of a fine in porous media in presence of a fluid are electrical forces. Electrical forces consist of several long and short range forces. This study focuses on a long range force called Double Layer Force (DLF) that beside Van der Waals is one of most powerful electrical forces. DLF is a repulsive force that can repel a particle from pore wall and result separation of a Nano-sized solid which subsequently moves along with flowing fluid and clogs a throat. The DLF depends on the solid material (reservoir rock and fine) and fluid properties (i.e. ionic strength, pH). This study investigates how each of these parameters affects DLF and introduces proper conditions for reservoir water flooding for controlling fines migration.
{"title":"Importance of Double Layer Force between a Plat and a Nano-Particle in Restricting Fines Migration in Porous Media","authors":"S. Sourani, M. Afkhami, Y. Kazemzadeh, Houman Fallah","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33014","url":null,"abstract":"Fines migration is defined \u0000as separation of a Nano-sized particle by fluid flow in porous media and its \u0000migration along some distances and its entrapment in a narrow pore throat or \u0000its settlement on pore wall. Although this phenomenon happens in scales of Nano-meters, \u0000it can lead to sever irretrievable damages. This damage includes permeability \u0000reduction that causes drastic oil recovery reduction. There are several forces \u0000impacting a fine that is placed on a pore wall. Some of most important forces \u0000affecting settlement of a fine in porous media in presence of a fluid are electrical \u0000forces. Electrical forces consist of several long and short range forces. \u0000This study focuses on a long range force called Double Layer Force (DLF) that beside Van der \u0000Waals is one of most powerful electrical forces. DLF is a repulsive force that \u0000can repel a particle from pore wall and result separation of a Nano-sized solid \u0000which subsequently moves along with flowing fluid and clogs a throat. The DLF \u0000depends on the solid material (reservoir rock and fine) and fluid properties (i.e. ionic strength, pH). This study \u0000investigates how each of these parameters affects DLF and introduces proper \u0000conditions for reservoir water flooding for controlling fines migration.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of a reliable green chemistry process for the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antimicrobial and disinfectant agents. However, there is limited information about its toxicity. Therefore, this study focused on the biosynthesis of AgNPs by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis and on determining its preliminary toxic effect on some aspects of animal physiology. A green method for the synthesis of AgNPs using culture supernatant of Proteus mirabilis has been developed in this study and the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by several techniques. The AgNPs showed a maximum absorbance at 445 nm on ultraviolet-visible spectra. The presence of proteins was identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The reduction of Ag+ to elemental silver was characterized by X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The transmission electron micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles of 5 - 45 nm. The AgNPs were evaluated for their toxic effect on pregnant female albino rat. The result showed that liver enzymes (AST and ALP) were decreased significantly in the group treated with AgNPs. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also showed significant increase.
{"title":"Extracellular Biosynthesis of AgNPs by the Bacterium Proteus mirabilis and Its Toxic Effect on Some Aspects of Animal Physiology","authors":"M. Al-harbi, B. El-deeb, N. Mostafa, S. Amer","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33012","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a \u0000reliable green chemistry process for the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials is \u0000an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Silver nanoparticles \u0000(AgNPs) have been used as antimicrobial and disinfectant agents. However, there \u0000is limited information about its toxicity. Therefore, this study focused on the \u0000biosynthesis of AgNPs by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis and on \u0000determining its preliminary toxic effect on some aspects of animal physiology. \u0000A green method for the synthesis of AgNPs using culture supernatant of Proteus \u0000mirabilis has been developed in this study and the synthesized AgNPs were \u0000characterized by several techniques. The AgNPs showed a maximum absorbance at \u0000445 nm on ultraviolet-visible spectra. The presence of proteins was identified \u0000by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The reduction of Ag+ to \u0000elemental silver was characterized by X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The \u0000transmission electron micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed \u0000nanoparticles of 5 - 45 nm. The AgNPs were evaluated for their toxic effect on \u0000pregnant female albino rat. The result showed that liver enzymes (AST and ALP) \u0000were decreased significantly in the group treated with AgNPs. Mean corpuscular \u0000hemoglobin concentration also showed significant increase.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. R. Guivar, Arturo I. Martínez, A. O. Anaya, L. Valladares, L. L. Félix, A. Domínguez
Structural and magnetic studies of monophasic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) magnetic nanocrystallites (MNCs) synthesized by the co-precipitation chemical route are reported in this paper. For the synthesis, a starting precursor of magnetite (Fe3O4) in basic medium was oxidized at room temperature by adjusting the pH = 3.5 at 80°C in an acidic medium without surfactants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows widened peaks indicating nanometric size and Rietveld Refinement confirms only one single-phase assigned to γ-Fe2O3 MNCs. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrates the formation of nanoparticles with diameter around D ≈ 6.8 ± 0.1 nm which is in good agreement with Rietveld Refinement (6.4 ± 1 nm). A selected area electron diffraction pattern was carried out to complement the study of the crystalline structure of the γ-Fe2O3 MNCs. M(H) measurements taken at different temperatures show almost zero coercivity and remanence indicating superparamagnetic domain and high magnetic saturation.
{"title":"Structural and Magnetic Properties of Monophasic Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Nanocrystalline Powder","authors":"J. A. R. Guivar, Arturo I. Martínez, A. O. Anaya, L. Valladares, L. L. Félix, A. Domínguez","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33016","url":null,"abstract":"Structural and magnetic \u0000studies of monophasic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) \u0000magnetic nanocrystallites (MNCs) synthesized by the co-precipitation chemical \u0000route are reported in this paper. For the synthesis, a starting precursor of \u0000magnetite (Fe3O4) \u0000in basic medium was oxidized at room temperature by adjusting the pH = 3.5 \u0000at 80°C in an acidic medium without surfactants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) \u0000pattern shows widened peaks indicating nanometric size and Rietveld Refinement confirms \u0000only one single-phase assigned to γ-Fe2O3 MNCs. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrates \u0000the formation of nanoparticles with diameter around D ≈ 6.8 ± 0.1 nm which is in good agreement with Rietveld Refinement \u0000(6.4 ± 1 nm). A selected area electron diffraction pattern was carried out to \u0000complement the study of the crystalline structure of the γ-Fe2O3 MNCs. M(H) measurements taken \u0000at different temperatures show almost zero coercivity and remanence indicating \u0000superparamagnetic domain and high magnetic saturation.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. P. Grebennikov, G. E. Adamov, V. Charushin, K. S. Levchenko, G. Rusinov, E. Zinoviev, R. Irgashev, P. S. Shmelin
Hybrid nanostructures including modified fullerene C60 and fluorophoric (E)-2-Cyano-3-(9-ethyl-9Н-carbazole-3-yl)-acrylic acid (cyanoacrylic acid I) were created. Spectral properties (absorption and luminescence spectra) of the hybrid nanostructures were investigated. It was established what molecules C60 strongly affected spectral properties of cyanoacrylic acid I in the hybrid nanostructures. Luminescence quenching of fluorophore and a change of luminescence features were observed in the hybrid nanostructures.
{"title":"Spectral Investigations of Hybrid Nanostructures Including Modified Fullerene C60 and Carbazole-Derivative Fluorophore","authors":"E. P. Grebennikov, G. E. Adamov, V. Charushin, K. S. Levchenko, G. Rusinov, E. Zinoviev, R. Irgashev, P. S. Shmelin","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33011","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid nanostructures including \u0000modified fullerene C60 and fluorophoric (E)-2-Cyano-3-(9-ethyl-9Н-carbazole-3-yl)-acrylic \u0000acid (cyanoacrylic acid I) were created. Spectral properties (absorption and \u0000luminescence spectra) of the hybrid nanostructures were investigated. It was established \u0000what molecules C60 strongly affected spectral properties of cyanoacrylic acid I \u0000in the hybrid nanostructures. Luminescence quenching of fluorophore and a \u0000change of luminescence features were observed in the hybrid nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70336878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capacitive nano-switches have been of great interest as replacements for conventional semiconductor switches. Accurate determination of the pull-in voltage is critical in the design process. In the present investigation, pull-in instability of nano-switches made of two parallel plates subjected to electrostatic force is studied. For this purpose, two parallel rectangular nanoplates with opposite charges are modeled based on molecular dynamics (MD) technique. Different initial gaps between nanoplates and its effect on pull-in phenomena are studied in addition to taking different values of geometrical and physical parameters into account to evaluate pull-in voltages. Here molecular dynamic simulations as an atomic interaction approach are employed for modeling of nano-switches in order to study pull-in instability considering atomic interaction and surface tension. Boundary conditions and also the van der Waals force are considered as important parameters to investigate their effects on pull-in voltage values.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamic Study of Pull-In Instability of Nano-Switches","authors":"Sogand Hoshyarmanesh, M. Bahrami","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33017","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive nano-switches have \u0000been of great interest as replacements for conventional semiconductor switches. \u0000Accurate determination of the pull-in voltage is critical in the design \u0000process. In the present investigation, pull-in instability of nano-switches \u0000made of two parallel plates subjected to electrostatic force is studied. For \u0000this purpose, two parallel rectangular nanoplates with opposite charges are \u0000modeled based on molecular dynamics (MD) technique. Different initial gaps \u0000between nanoplates and its effect on pull-in phenomena are studied in addition \u0000to taking different values of geometrical and physical parameters into account \u0000to evaluate pull-in voltages. Here molecular dynamic simulations as an atomic \u0000interaction approach are employed for modeling of nano-switches in order to \u0000study pull-in instability considering atomic interaction and surface tension. \u0000Boundary conditions and also the van der Waals force are considered as \u0000important parameters to investigate their effects on pull-in voltage values.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ramli, M. R. Khan, R. Yunus, H. R. Ong, Rohaya Mohamed Halim, A. Aziz, Z. Ibrahim, N. Zainal
Copper nanoparticles were impregnated onto oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) powders via in-situ sol-gel method. The impregnation and interfacial interaction of copper nanoparticles with EFB were analysed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of copper nanoparticles with the surface functional groups of EFB powders was identified by FTIR analysis. The peak shift of O-H and C-O functional groups indicated the interaction between EFB and copper nanoparticles. Besides that, XRD and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of copper nanoparticles on EFB powder. Due to the copper impregnation, the crystallinity of the EFB was increased as shown by XRD. The particles size of nanoparticles was analysed via TEM and AFM where the sizes were in the range of 60 - 100 nm. These findings strongly suggest that, copper nanoparticles impregnated EFB powders can be synthesized via in- situ sol gel method.
{"title":"In-Situ Impregnation of Copper Nanoparticles on Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Powder","authors":"R. Ramli, M. R. Khan, R. Yunus, H. R. Ong, Rohaya Mohamed Halim, A. Aziz, Z. Ibrahim, N. Zainal","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.33009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.33009","url":null,"abstract":"Copper nanoparticles were impregnated onto oil palm empty fruit bunch \u0000(EFB) powders via in-situ sol-gel \u0000method. The impregnation and interfacial interaction of copper nanoparticles \u0000with EFB were analysed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), \u0000X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), \u0000energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The \u0000interaction of copper nanoparticles with the surface functional groups of EFB \u0000powders was identified by FTIR analysis. The peak shift of O-H and C-O \u0000functional groups indicated the interaction between EFB and copper \u0000nanoparticles. Besides that, XRD and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of copper \u0000nanoparticles on EFB powder. Due to the copper impregnation, the crystallinity \u0000of the EFB was increased as shown by XRD. The particles size of nanoparticles \u0000was analysed via TEM and AFM where the sizes were in the range of 60 - 100 nm. \u0000These findings strongly suggest that, copper nanoparticles impregnated EFB \u0000powders can be synthesized via in- situ sol gel method.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70336625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon doped titanium dioxide (C-TiO2) is considered as a promising photocatalytic material due to its optical absorption extended in the visible region compared to pure TiO2. However, in the field of photovoltaic’s, use of C-doped nano-crystalline titanium dioxide (C-TiO2) electrodes for light absorption has been considered to be unnecessary so far. In this context, we report here on the use of C-TiO2 nano-crystalline electrodes in photochemical solar cells devices (PCSC). Carbon doping has reduced the band gap of TiO2 to 2.41 eV and 2.25 eV with increase in the doping extent for the 9 mM C-TiO2 and 45 mM C-TiO2 respectively. The C-TiO2 electrodes were first used as photo electrodes for solar cells, exhibiting JSC of 1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC 0.683 V, FF 50.23% and η 0.46%. for the 9 mM C-TiO2 and exhibiting JSC of 1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC 0.815 V, FF 54.3% and η 0.59% for the 45 mM C-TiO2. The fabricated solar cell devices have shown an increase in VOC of up to 0.815 V, which is higher than that of 0.7 V for dye sensitized solar cells. The doping of carbon in TiO2 lattice was closely studied by SEM, XRD, RS and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
碳掺杂二氧化钛(C-TiO2)与纯TiO2相比，其光吸收在可见光区扩展，被认为是一种很有前途的光催化材料。然而，在光伏领域，迄今为止，使用掺杂c的纳米晶二氧化钛(C-TiO2)电极进行光吸收被认为是不必要的。在此背景下，我们报道了C-TiO2纳米晶电极在光化学太阳能电池器件(PCSC)中的应用。对于9 mM C-TiO2和45 mM C-TiO2，碳掺杂使其带隙减小到2.41 eV和2.25 eV，掺杂程度增加。C-TiO2电极首次用作太阳能电池的光电极，其JSC为1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC为0.683 V, FF为50.23%，η为0.46%。9mm C-TiO2的JSC为1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC为0.815 V, FF为54.3%，η为0.59%。所制备的太阳能电池器件的VOC增加高达0.815 V，高于染料敏化太阳能电池的0.7 V。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、x射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(RS)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等研究了碳在TiO2晶格中的掺杂。
{"title":"Carbon Doped Nano-Crystalline TiO2 Photo-Active Thin Film for Solid State Photochemical Solar Cells","authors":"Raymond Tichaona Taziwa, E. Meyer","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2014.32008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2014.32008","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon doped titanium dioxide (C-TiO2) is considered as a promising photocatalytic material due to its optical absorption extended in the visible region compared to pure TiO2. However, in the field of photovoltaic’s, use of C-doped nano-crystalline titanium dioxide (C-TiO2) electrodes for light absorption has been considered to be unnecessary so far. In this context, we report here on the use of C-TiO2 nano-crystalline electrodes in photochemical solar cells devices (PCSC). Carbon doping has reduced the band gap of TiO2 to 2.41 eV and 2.25 eV with increase in the doping extent for the 9 mM C-TiO2 and 45 mM C-TiO2 respectively. The C-TiO2 electrodes were first used as photo electrodes for solar cells, exhibiting JSC of 1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC 0.683 V, FF 50.23% and η 0.46%. for the 9 mM C-TiO2 and exhibiting JSC of 1.34651 mA/cm2, VOC 0.815 V, FF 54.3% and η 0.59% for the 45 mM C-TiO2. The fabricated solar cell devices have shown an increase in VOC of up to 0.815 V, which is higher than that of 0.7 V for dye sensitized solar cells. The doping of carbon in TiO2 lattice was closely studied by SEM, XRD, RS and UV-Vis spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"89 1","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70336505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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