Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.2.14889
L. H. Sari, Izziah Hasan, E. Meutia
The Baiturrahman Grand Mosque is well-known as the identity of Banda Aceh town, Indonesia. The extensive renovation was carried out in 2015 to the Mosque, presenting an open piazza coated with glossy white marble replacing the previous greeneries and grass. This change creates a much different thermal sensation of the prior environment. This condition also invites the contrast to respond and define spatial comfort, including thermal and visual comfort. Therefore, this study conducts an assessment of thermal and visual comfort at the open piazza, which was done through field measurements. The outdoor thermal comfort was calculated using the equations proposed by Sangkertadi that are appropriate for the tropics. The visual comfort was examined using the De Boer glare scale. The result shows the discomfort appearance for both thermal and visual comfort. The study gives recommendations, such as planting greeneries, providing more shades for achieving lower outdoor air temperature. Replacing the glossy marble with the diffusing and rough surface will reduce the glare for getting the more acceptable visual comfort against the marbles.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Spatial Comfort at the Open Piazza of Baiturrahman Mosque, Banda Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"L. H. Sari, Izziah Hasan, E. Meutia","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.2.14889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.14889","url":null,"abstract":"The Baiturrahman Grand Mosque is well-known as the identity of Banda Aceh town, Indonesia. The extensive renovation was carried out in 2015 to the Mosque, presenting an open piazza coated with glossy white marble replacing the previous greeneries and grass. This change creates a much different thermal sensation of the prior environment. This condition also invites the contrast to respond and define spatial comfort, including thermal and visual comfort. Therefore, this study conducts an assessment of thermal and visual comfort at the open piazza, which was done through field measurements. The outdoor thermal comfort was calculated using the equations proposed by Sangkertadi that are appropriate for the tropics. The visual comfort was examined using the De Boer glare scale. The result shows the discomfort appearance for both thermal and visual comfort. The study gives recommendations, such as planting greeneries, providing more shades for achieving lower outdoor air temperature. Replacing the glossy marble with the diffusing and rough surface will reduce the glare for getting the more acceptable visual comfort against the marbles.","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.2.17375
A. Anhar, H. Widayat, A. M. Muslih, S. Subhan, R. Romano, A. Baihaqi, T. S. Bahri, Z. Zulkarnain, B. Bagio, Yusmaizal Yusmaizal, Y. Abubakar
The productivity of Arabica coffee in low-altitude areas in Aceh have been declined, caused by an increase in temperatures, and by pests and diseases attack. This study aims to develop adaptation strategies to climate change in Aceh trough understanding how coffee productivity correlates with the management practices across the altitude. To find out a correlation between farming practices variables and coffee productivity, Spearman's rank test was used. To assess whether farming practice explanatory variables affected by the altitudes, a non-parametric with the Kruskal-Wallis Test, with Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05) with Chi-square distance were used. The results showed that coffee productivity was positively and significantly correlated to pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer, and application of pest and disease control, but was not to coffee plant density, sustainability certification, land conservation, and age of the coffee plant. Adaptation strategies for farmers in higher altitudes are to maintain the coffee plant density as well as shade density at an optimum level, followed by increasing management practices such as pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer, and pest and diseases control; in lower altitudes, those are to increase shade density both with Leucaena and multipurpose plants such as avocado and citrus, as well as increasing management practices such as land conservation, pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer and pest and diseases control. In middle altitudes, those are to maintain and improve management practices applied
{"title":"Evaluation of Farmers Management Practices of Arabica Coffee Plantation Across Altitude for Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"A. Anhar, H. Widayat, A. M. Muslih, S. Subhan, R. Romano, A. Baihaqi, T. S. Bahri, Z. Zulkarnain, B. Bagio, Yusmaizal Yusmaizal, Y. Abubakar","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.2.17375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.17375","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of Arabica coffee in low-altitude areas in Aceh have been declined, caused by an increase in temperatures, and by pests and diseases attack. This study aims to develop adaptation strategies to climate change in Aceh trough understanding how coffee productivity correlates with the management practices across the altitude. To find out a correlation between farming practices variables and coffee productivity, Spearman's rank test was used. To assess whether farming practice explanatory variables affected by the altitudes, a non-parametric with the Kruskal-Wallis Test, with Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05) with Chi-square distance were used. The results showed that coffee productivity was positively and significantly correlated to pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer, and application of pest and disease control, but was not to coffee plant density, sustainability certification, land conservation, and age of the coffee plant. Adaptation strategies for farmers in higher altitudes are to maintain the coffee plant density as well as shade density at an optimum level, followed by increasing management practices such as pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer, and pest and diseases control; in lower altitudes, those are to increase shade density both with Leucaena and multipurpose plants such as avocado and citrus, as well as increasing management practices such as land conservation, pruning, weeding, application of fertilizer and pest and diseases control. In middle altitudes, those are to maintain and improve management practices applied","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45757420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.2.16468
Hendrata Wibisana, S. Zainab, Z. R. Kamandang, M. Rusdi
Chlorophyll-a mapping is widely used in the coastal environment. The mapping results can be utilized as guidance for fishing activities. The presence of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton is much investigated concerning the existence of fish as a source of livelihood for fishermen around the globe. One method extensively developed is the use of satellite imagery to map the chlorophyll-content in the coastal region from a small area to a global scale, such as Aqua MODIS image data. This study aims to monitor the distribution of chlorophyll-a on the north coast and south coast of Lombok island. Analysis of variance and parametric statistical tests with t-distribution was utilized to examine the correlation between the two types of chlorophyll-a distribution of the coast area, Lombok Island. The result shows that the distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations on the north coast and the south of the coast is not the same abundance; the south coast of Lombok island has smaller variances, with the concentration distribution is relatively the same. It differs from the north part; the distribution shows less diversity. This result indicates that a reasonably wide interval wherein some coordinates has a relatively diffuse chlorophyll-a concentration with a sufficiently high distribution level. Analysis of variance result also shows that both the north and south coasts have different fertility levels for their coastal waters, which are characterized by the growth rate of chlorophyll-a on the surface water along the coastal region examined
{"title":"Analysis of Variance and Correlation Study of Chlorophyll-a in North and South Coast of Lombok Island Using Aqua MODIS Image Data","authors":"Hendrata Wibisana, S. Zainab, Z. R. Kamandang, M. Rusdi","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.2.16468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.16468","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorophyll-a mapping is widely used in the coastal environment. The mapping results can be utilized as guidance for fishing activities. The presence of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton is much investigated concerning the existence of fish as a source of livelihood for fishermen around the globe. One method extensively developed is the use of satellite imagery to map the chlorophyll-content in the coastal region from a small area to a global scale, such as Aqua MODIS image data. This study aims to monitor the distribution of chlorophyll-a on the north coast and south coast of Lombok island. Analysis of variance and parametric statistical tests with t-distribution was utilized to examine the correlation between the two types of chlorophyll-a distribution of the coast area, Lombok Island. The result shows that the distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations on the north coast and the south of the coast is not the same abundance; the south coast of Lombok island has smaller variances, with the concentration distribution is relatively the same. It differs from the north part; the distribution shows less diversity. This result indicates that a reasonably wide interval wherein some coordinates has a relatively diffuse chlorophyll-a concentration with a sufficiently high distribution level. Analysis of variance result also shows that both the north and south coasts have different fertility levels for their coastal waters, which are characterized by the growth rate of chlorophyll-a on the surface water along the coastal region examined","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42373026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.2.17565
S. Sufardi, T. Arabia, K. Khairullah, Karnilawati Karnilawati, Sahbudin Sahbudin, Zainabun Zainabun
Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05 o 16’58.41” N; 95 o 37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05 o 27'15.6" N; 95 o 44'09,1" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05o18’18,37” N; 95o32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05 o 27’19,4” N; 95 o 46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pH H2O -pH KCl ), variable charge (Vc), permanent charge (Pc), and point of zero charges (PZC). In contrast, cation exchange properties are evaluated from several soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and effective CEC (E CEC ). The results show that the four pedons of soil in the hilly dryland of Aceh Besar include a variable charge because it has a PZC, which is characterized by a negative surface charge with a PZC of Oxisols > Entisols > Inceptisols. The total CEC value differs considerably from ECEC and the sum of cations. CEC total of the soils varies from 12.8 – 34.4 cmol kg -1 , whereas the ECEC values vary from 2.72 – 8.66 cmol kg -1 . The highest variable charge percentage is found in Andisols Saree. In contrast, the highest permanent charge is found in Inceptisols Cucum and is positively correlated with pH H20 , PZC, CEC, and sums of cations or ECEC. Improving soil quality in hilly dryland soils in Aceh Besar District can be done by decreasing the PZC status of soils with organic amendments and fertilizers or increasing the pH by using liming.
{"title":"Charge Characteristics and Cation Exchanges Properties of Hilly Dryland Soils Aceh Besar, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sufardi, T. Arabia, K. Khairullah, Karnilawati Karnilawati, Sahbudin Sahbudin, Zainabun Zainabun","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.2.17565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.2.17565","url":null,"abstract":"Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05 o 16’58.41” N; 95 o 37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05 o 27'15.6\" N; 95 o 44'09,1\" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05o18’18,37” N; 95o32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05 o 27’19,4” N; 95 o 46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pH H2O -pH KCl ), variable charge (Vc), permanent charge (Pc), and point of zero charges (PZC). In contrast, cation exchange properties are evaluated from several soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and effective CEC (E CEC ). The results show that the four pedons of soil in the hilly dryland of Aceh Besar include a variable charge because it has a PZC, which is characterized by a negative surface charge with a PZC of Oxisols > Entisols > Inceptisols. The total CEC value differs considerably from ECEC and the sum of cations. CEC total of the soils varies from 12.8 – 34.4 cmol kg -1 , whereas the ECEC values vary from 2.72 – 8.66 cmol kg -1 . The highest variable charge percentage is found in Andisols Saree. In contrast, the highest permanent charge is found in Inceptisols Cucum and is positively correlated with pH H20 , PZC, CEC, and sums of cations or ECEC. Improving soil quality in hilly dryland soils in Aceh Besar District can be done by decreasing the PZC status of soils with organic amendments and fertilizers or increasing the pH by using liming.","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.1.16177
N. N. Kencanawati, S. Rawiana, N. Darmayanti
To support sustainable materials, the ordinary Portland cement production has been reduced since it left a high carbon footprint during manufacturing. As an alternative, the use of pozzolan Portland cement and composite Portland cement has been encouraged because they are more environmentally friendly. This paper examines some characteristics of cement made from pozzolan Portland cement (P.P.C.) and composite Portland cement (P.C.C.). The testing procedures were carried out on chemical and physical testing on P.P.C. and P.C.C. In addition, the mechanical testing of concrete made from both types of Portland cement and their combinations were conducted under compression load. Furthermore, the surface hardness of the concrete was evaluated using a rebound hammer measurement. Concrete testing was conducted after the curing age of 7, 28, and 42 days. According to chemical examination, P.P.C. has higher silica (SiO 2 ) and iron (Fe 2 O 3 ) than those of P.C.C., whereas P.C.C. has a higher lime (CaO) content. Compared to P.P.C., P.C.C. shows faster initial and final setting time. This result is proportionally influencing the strength development of concrete. P.C.C. concrete offers significant strength development at an earlier age. Meanwhile, P.P.C. concrete reacts slower at an earlier age, but it improves the compressive strength at a later age. The mix combination of 50% P.P.C. and 50% P.C.C. in concrete shows the highest average compressive strength and surface hardness. This combination achieves the average compressive strength of 30.27 MPa, 35.27 MPa, and 35.93 MPa respectively for 7, 28, and 42 days curing time. Furthermore, this concrete also shows the most remarkable characteristics of Young's modulus and surface hardness
{"title":"Characteristics of Pozzolan and Composite Portland Cements for Sustainable Concrete's Material","authors":"N. N. Kencanawati, S. Rawiana, N. Darmayanti","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.1.16177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.16177","url":null,"abstract":"To support sustainable materials, the ordinary Portland cement production has been reduced since it left a high carbon footprint during manufacturing. As an alternative, the use of pozzolan Portland cement and composite Portland cement has been encouraged because they are more environmentally friendly. This paper examines some characteristics of cement made from pozzolan Portland cement (P.P.C.) and composite Portland cement (P.C.C.). The testing procedures were carried out on chemical and physical testing on P.P.C. and P.C.C. In addition, the mechanical testing of concrete made from both types of Portland cement and their combinations were conducted under compression load. Furthermore, the surface hardness of the concrete was evaluated using a rebound hammer measurement. Concrete testing was conducted after the curing age of 7, 28, and 42 days. According to chemical examination, P.P.C. has higher silica (SiO 2 ) and iron (Fe 2 O 3 ) than those of P.C.C., whereas P.C.C. has a higher lime (CaO) content. Compared to P.P.C., P.C.C. shows faster initial and final setting time. This result is proportionally influencing the strength development of concrete. P.C.C. concrete offers significant strength development at an earlier age. Meanwhile, P.P.C. concrete reacts slower at an earlier age, but it improves the compressive strength at a later age. The mix combination of 50% P.P.C. and 50% P.C.C. in concrete shows the highest average compressive strength and surface hardness. This combination achieves the average compressive strength of 30.27 MPa, 35.27 MPa, and 35.93 MPa respectively for 7, 28, and 42 days curing time. Furthermore, this concrete also shows the most remarkable characteristics of Young's modulus and surface hardness","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-12DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.1.15267
I. Ramli, S. ., M. Lestari
Increasing population growth, economic and industrial development will lead to the utilization of natural resources effected on water pollution. One of those activities related to natural resource utilization is gold mining. Mining activities cannot be separated from the use of chemicals that are harmful to living things; for example, it is mercury. This study aims to determine levels of mercury (Hg) that accumulate in water and sediments. The tools used in this research are QGIS 2.18.27 software and Global Positioning System. The material used is water and sediment samples. Water and sediment samples were analyzed at the Industrial Standardization Research Institute Laboratory to obtain several potential parameters such as hydrogen (pH), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu). These potential parameters are further analyzed using the Pollution Index (PI) method and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results demonstrated that the water quality in downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed in for 2019 using the Pollution Index (PI) method for the drinking water (Class I) with the value is 6.2036. It is classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria and for the agricultural water (Class IV) with the value is 6.0796, classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria. The quality of sediments in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed using the sediment quality guidelines method with the value is 0.2343 is classified as an adverse effect for the biota of heavy metals on medium value. This shows that neither the water quality nor the sediment in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed does not accord with the water and sediment quality standards. Pollution Index can assess the quality of water bodies and becomes a consideration in taking actions to improve water quality. At the same time, SQGs show chemical concentrations that have biological effects on aquatic biodata.
{"title":"Water and Sediment Quality Index Due To Gold Mining in The Krueng Kluet Hilir Watershed, Aceh Selatan Regency","authors":"I. Ramli, S. ., M. Lestari","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.1.15267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.15267","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing population growth, economic and industrial development will lead to the utilization of natural resources effected on water pollution. One of those activities related to natural resource utilization is gold mining. Mining activities cannot be separated from the use of chemicals that are harmful to living things; for example, it is mercury. This study aims to determine levels of mercury (Hg) that accumulate in water and sediments. The tools used in this research are QGIS 2.18.27 software and Global Positioning System. The material used is water and sediment samples. Water and sediment samples were analyzed at the Industrial Standardization Research Institute Laboratory to obtain several potential parameters such as hydrogen (pH), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu). These potential parameters are further analyzed using the Pollution Index (PI) method and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results demonstrated that the water quality in downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed in for 2019 using the Pollution Index (PI) method for the drinking water (Class I) with the value is 6.2036. It is classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria and for the agricultural water (Class IV) with the value is 6.0796, classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria. The quality of sediments in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed using the sediment quality guidelines method with the value is 0.2343 is classified as an adverse effect for the biota of heavy metals on medium value. This shows that neither the water quality nor the sediment in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed does not accord with the water and sediment quality standards. Pollution Index can assess the quality of water bodies and becomes a consideration in taking actions to improve water quality. At the same time, SQGs show chemical concentrations that have biological effects on aquatic biodata.","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-09DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.1.16622
M. Ramli, S. Saiful, Febriani Febriani, Amraini Amraini, Fathurrahmi Fathurrahmi, Shellatina Shellatina, C. F. Zuhra
Realizing abundant availability of local bovine bone wastes in Aceh Province, Indonesia, this study is subjected to take competitive advantages from the local bovine bone waste for preparing an inorganic catalyst preparation. In detail, calcined Aceh bovine bones were successfully intercalated lithium through an impregnation method resulting in the inorganic base catalyst, which showed promising activity in the transesterification of castor oil. Prior to the experiment, the Aceh bovine bone waste was calcined at 900 oC in the air atmosphere for 4 hours, led to forming crystalline phases of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] and calcium oxide [CaO]. Also, the chemical modification of calcined bovine bone with lithium precursor has enhanced the physicochemical properties of the inorganic base catalyst. Finally, the intercalated Aceh bovine bone has shown a feasible activity in transesterification of castor oil into biodiesel, which yielding methyl ricinoleate as the main product.
{"title":"Calcined Aceh Bovine Bone (Bos indicus) Intercalated Lithium as An Inorganic Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Castor Oil","authors":"M. Ramli, S. Saiful, Febriani Febriani, Amraini Amraini, Fathurrahmi Fathurrahmi, Shellatina Shellatina, C. F. Zuhra","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.1.16622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.16622","url":null,"abstract":"Realizing abundant availability of local bovine bone wastes in Aceh Province, Indonesia, this study is subjected to take competitive advantages from the local bovine bone waste for preparing an inorganic catalyst preparation. In detail, calcined Aceh bovine bones were successfully intercalated lithium through an impregnation method resulting in the inorganic base catalyst, which showed promising activity in the transesterification of castor oil. Prior to the experiment, the Aceh bovine bone waste was calcined at 900 oC in the air atmosphere for 4 hours, led to forming crystalline phases of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] and calcium oxide [CaO]. Also, the chemical modification of calcined bovine bone with lithium precursor has enhanced the physicochemical properties of the inorganic base catalyst. Finally, the intercalated Aceh bovine bone has shown a feasible activity in transesterification of castor oil into biodiesel, which yielding methyl ricinoleate as the main product.","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.1.13297
A. Haryanto, Amieria Citra Gita, T. Saputra, M. Telaumbanua
This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454
{"title":"Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction","authors":"A. Haryanto, Amieria Citra Gita, T. Saputra, M. Telaumbanua","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.1.13297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.13297","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48164531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.13170/aijst.9.1.16405
S. Sugiarto, Lulusi Lulusi, C. Mutiawati, S. Saleh, Qurrata A'yuni, Irham Iskandar
Urban bus reform so-called Trans Koetaradja (TK) is regarded as a potential urban transport policy aiming at alleviating autos traffic congestion and mitigating highly private mode dependency in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The new bus system proposed by the Government has been operated since early 2018, and it remains free of fare services due to subsidy provide by the Government as the bus corridors have been expanded the budget getting escalating year by year. To reduce the burden of subsidies, the Government intends to drop monetary aid by applying full fare for the bus. However, declining the subsidy could affect bus ridership, especially low-income households whose captive riders may not afford the ticket. It hypothesizes that the travel cost budget (TCB) has significantly influenced the ability to pay for a particular household to afford the bus fare. The TCB for this study defines the maximum amount of money allocated by a specific family for their transportation within a month. Therefore, this study is aiming at exploring factors that effecting the households' transportation expenditures, taking into account household life stages (HLS) among TK' bus users. The use of revealed preference data obtained in 2019, the regression analysis of the ordinary least square (OLS) method, was used to calibrate and teste the exogenous variables across HLS. To simplify, the HLS in this study is segmented as early, middle, and established HLS. The distribution of TCB across HLS revealed that the share of transport expenditure on average to their monthly income had shared about 10-11 %. The finding from the OLS indicates that the variables of the female gender, monthly income, and the number of owned motorcycles have significant contributions to the TCB. The most significant finding is the impact of monthly income on the TCB across HLS. It exhibited early, and middle HLS has shown more spending share on income compared to the established HLS
{"title":"An Exploration of Factor Affecting Household’s Travel Cost Budget Considering Household Life Stages Applying to Urban Bus Ridership","authors":"S. Sugiarto, Lulusi Lulusi, C. Mutiawati, S. Saleh, Qurrata A'yuni, Irham Iskandar","doi":"10.13170/aijst.9.1.16405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.16405","url":null,"abstract":"Urban bus reform so-called Trans Koetaradja (TK) is regarded as a potential urban transport policy aiming at alleviating autos traffic congestion and mitigating highly private mode dependency in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The new bus system proposed by the Government has been operated since early 2018, and it remains free of fare services due to subsidy provide by the Government as the bus corridors have been expanded the budget getting escalating year by year. To reduce the burden of subsidies, the Government intends to drop monetary aid by applying full fare for the bus. However, declining the subsidy could affect bus ridership, especially low-income households whose captive riders may not afford the ticket. It hypothesizes that the travel cost budget (TCB) has significantly influenced the ability to pay for a particular household to afford the bus fare. The TCB for this study defines the maximum amount of money allocated by a specific family for their transportation within a month. Therefore, this study is aiming at exploring factors that effecting the households' transportation expenditures, taking into account household life stages (HLS) among TK' bus users. The use of revealed preference data obtained in 2019, the regression analysis of the ordinary least square (OLS) method, was used to calibrate and teste the exogenous variables across HLS. To simplify, the HLS in this study is segmented as early, middle, and established HLS. The distribution of TCB across HLS revealed that the share of transport expenditure on average to their monthly income had shared about 10-11 %. The finding from the OLS indicates that the variables of the female gender, monthly income, and the number of owned motorcycles have significant contributions to the TCB. The most significant finding is the impact of monthly income on the TCB across HLS. It exhibited early, and middle HLS has shown more spending share on income compared to the established HLS","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-26DOI: 10.13170/aijst.8.3.13800
I. Ismail, A. Nizar, Murzal, Z. Jalil
Abstract – Bio-solar is one of the natural gemstones found in the province of Aceh in Indonesia. A recent study suggested that this gemstone could be considered as a vesuvianite type of gemstone. Nevertheless, detail information of this bio-solar gemstone is still unknown. We do not know whether the bio-solar gemstone is crystalline or amorphous. The specific gravity and the hardness of this gemstone are also still unknown. This information is essential to determine the quality of a gem. To answer those questions, we have used x-ray diffraction to study the bio-solar gemstone from the province of Aceh in Indonesia. The physical properties (specific gravity and hardness) of this gemstone have also been measured. We found that the bio-solar gemstone is composed by CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 phases. Our results revealed that the bio-solar gem is a crystalline material, not amorphous. The average crystallite size of this gemstone is found to be 353 Å (35 nm). Moreover, the specific gravity of bio-solar gemstone is found to be 3.09 – 3.34. Its hardness is 3 to 4 mohs. Thus, the bio-solar is a good quality gemstone. Our finding confirmed that the bio-solar could be classified as a vesuvianite gemstone.
{"title":"Analysis of Crystallinity and Physical Properties of the Bio-solar Gemstone","authors":"I. Ismail, A. Nizar, Murzal, Z. Jalil","doi":"10.13170/aijst.8.3.13800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.8.3.13800","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract – Bio-solar is one of the natural gemstones found in the province of Aceh in Indonesia. A recent study suggested that this gemstone could be considered as a vesuvianite type of gemstone. Nevertheless, detail information of this bio-solar gemstone is still unknown. We do not know whether the bio-solar gemstone is crystalline or amorphous. The specific gravity and the hardness of this gemstone are also still unknown. This information is essential to determine the quality of a gem. To answer those questions, we have used x-ray diffraction to study the bio-solar gemstone from the province of Aceh in Indonesia. The physical properties (specific gravity and hardness) of this gemstone have also been measured. We found that the bio-solar gemstone is composed by CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 phases. Our results revealed that the bio-solar gem is a crystalline material, not amorphous. The average crystallite size of this gemstone is found to be 353 Å (35 nm). Moreover, the specific gravity of bio-solar gemstone is found to be 3.09 – 3.34. Its hardness is 3 to 4 mohs. Thus, the bio-solar is a good quality gemstone. Our finding confirmed that the bio-solar could be classified as a vesuvianite gemstone.","PeriodicalId":7128,"journal":{"name":"Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47092531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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