Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60964
Edvan Costa da Silva, Fabíola Villa, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, Jean Carlo Possenti, Adriana de Castro Correia da Silva, Michel Anderson Masiero
Technical and secure information on the production of quality atemoya seedlings (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.) are of paramount importance due to the growing interest in this crop. This study aimed to assess the formation of atemoya seedlings propagated by grafting methods and cultivars using araticum (Annona sylvatica) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Atemoya grafts (Thompson, African Pride, and Gefner) were collected from plants from the CATI seedling nursery, located in São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State, Brazil. Grafting was performed using 1-year-old araticum rootstocks with 8–10 mm in diameter at a height of 15 cm from the ground and grafts measuring, on average, 8.5 cm in length, 10 mm in diameter, and three buds. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three grafting methods: cleft graft, whip and tongue graft, and chip budding × three cultivars: African Pride, Thompson, and Gefner), with four replications and 10 seedlings per replication, totaling 40 seedlings per treatment. The percentage of graft success (%), percentage of sprouting (%), number of sprouts, number of leaves, and longest sprout length (cm) were assessed at 60 days after grafting. The cleft graft method is efficient for producing atemoya seedlings. The cultivar African Pride can be grafted onto rootstocks by the cleft graft and whip and tongue graft methods, as they promote a higher percentage of graft success. The Annona sylvatica rootstock has potential for the production of atemoya seedlings, but chip budding is not viable.
由于人们对这种作物的兴趣日益浓厚，关于优质红豆苗(Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.)生产的技术和安全信息至关重要。本研究旨在研究以小红花(aratium sylvatica)为砧木嫁接方式繁殖的红豆苗的形成情况。实验在巴西帕拉纳州Marechal college ndido Rondon校区的西帕拉纳州立大学(Unioeste)的一个屏蔽环境中进行。Atemoya移植物(Thompson、African Pride和Gefner)来自位于巴西圣保罗州 o Bento do Sapucaí的CATI苗圃。嫁接采用1年生，直径8 - 10mm，距地面15cm的阿拉菲木砧木，嫁接平均长8.5 cm，直径10mm, 3个芽。试验设计采用3 × 3因子随机分组设计(3种嫁接方式:裂接、舌接和舌接，3种嫁接方式:非洲骄傲、汤普森和格夫纳)，4个重复，每个重复10株苗，每个处理共40株苗。在嫁接后60天，评估嫁接成功率(%)、出芽率(%)、芽数、叶数和最长芽长(cm)。裂接法是一种高效的红豆苗繁育方法。栽培非洲骄傲可以嫁接到砧木通过裂接和鞭和舌嫁接方法，因为他们促进更高的嫁接成功率。山茱萸砧木有生产山茱萸幼苗的潜力，但切花出芽不可行。
{"title":"Potential Potential of a native araticum species as the rootstock of atemoya cultivars propagated by grafting methods","authors":"Edvan Costa da Silva, Fabíola Villa, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, Jean Carlo Possenti, Adriana de Castro Correia da Silva, Michel Anderson Masiero","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60964","url":null,"abstract":"Technical and secure information on the production of quality atemoya seedlings (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.) are of paramount importance due to the growing interest in this crop. This study aimed to assess the formation of atemoya seedlings propagated by grafting methods and cultivars using araticum (Annona sylvatica) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Atemoya grafts (Thompson, African Pride, and Gefner) were collected from plants from the CATI seedling nursery, located in São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State, Brazil. Grafting was performed using 1-year-old araticum rootstocks with 8–10 mm in diameter at a height of 15 cm from the ground and grafts measuring, on average, 8.5 cm in length, 10 mm in diameter, and three buds. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three grafting methods: cleft graft, whip and tongue graft, and chip budding × three cultivars: African Pride, Thompson, and Gefner), with four replications and 10 seedlings per replication, totaling 40 seedlings per treatment. The percentage of graft success (%), percentage of sprouting (%), number of sprouts, number of leaves, and longest sprout length (cm) were assessed at 60 days after grafting. The cleft graft method is efficient for producing atemoya seedlings. The cultivar African Pride can be grafted onto rootstocks by the cleft graft and whip and tongue graft methods, as they promote a higher percentage of graft success. The Annona sylvatica rootstock has potential for the production of atemoya seedlings, but chip budding is not viable.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60794
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, Jean Sérgio Rosset, Luciano Cavalcante Muniz, Eloisa Mattei, Victor Roberto Ribeiro Reis, Bruna Penha Costa, Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto
In Maranhão State, Brazil, soils are naturally acidic, nutrient-deficient, and prone to cohesion and erosion. Removing the natural cover to establish pastures causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in pastures with different years of recovery, and compare them with a secondary forest in the Legal Amazon. Four treatments were evaluated: secondary forest, perennial pasture, and perennial pastures recovered for five years and eight years, both of the latter through corn + brachiaria intercropping. The contents and stocks of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C, and N from the soil organic matter particle-size fractions, as well as the carbon management indexes (CMI) of the 0.00–0.10, 0.10–0.20, 0.20–0.30, and 0.30–0.40 m layers were evaluated. The perennial pasture environment presented the highest total soil C and N contents; however, when observing the granulometric fractions and CMI, these increases were qualitative in relation to the secondary forest. Pasture recovery over eight years contributed to an improvement of soil quality similar to secondary forest, indicating that an increase in SOM quality, quantity, and recovery time related to increased pasture capacity to accumulate C and N in the soil.
{"title":"Carbon, nitrogen, and physical fractions of organic matter in recovered pastures of the Maranhense Amazon","authors":"Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, Jean Sérgio Rosset, Luciano Cavalcante Muniz, Eloisa Mattei, Victor Roberto Ribeiro Reis, Bruna Penha Costa, Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60794","url":null,"abstract":"In Maranhão State, Brazil, soils are naturally acidic, nutrient-deficient, and prone to cohesion and erosion. Removing the natural cover to establish pastures causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in pastures with different years of recovery, and compare them with a secondary forest in the Legal Amazon. Four treatments were evaluated: secondary forest, perennial pasture, and perennial pastures recovered for five years and eight years, both of the latter through corn + brachiaria intercropping. The contents and stocks of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C, and N from the soil organic matter particle-size fractions, as well as the carbon management indexes (CMI) of the 0.00–0.10, 0.10–0.20, 0.20–0.30, and 0.30–0.40 m layers were evaluated. The perennial pasture environment presented the highest total soil C and N contents; however, when observing the granulometric fractions and CMI, these increases were qualitative in relation to the secondary forest. Pasture recovery over eight years contributed to an improvement of soil quality similar to secondary forest, indicating that an increase in SOM quality, quantity, and recovery time related to increased pasture capacity to accumulate C and N in the soil.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61434
Paulo Eugenio Schaefer, Astor Henrique Nied, Arno Bernardo Heldwein, Genei Antonio Dalmago, Antonio Carlos Pappis, Jorge Alberto de Gouvêa
Waterlogging directly interferes with the production capacity of agricultural crops in response to the morphophysiological changes caused to plants. Since the cultivation of poorly drained soils is traditionally avoided, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of expanding canola cultivation into waterlogged soils using soil surface drainage and different row spacings in lowland areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of the presence and absence of surface drains at 0.25 m depth and row spacings of 0.17, 0.34, 0.51, and 0.68 m arranged in two-factorial randomized blocks with four replications, in 2018 and 2019. In this study, growth traits, yield components, and the final grain yield of canola were evaluated. The increase in lateral branching in canola plants was found to be directly related to waterlogging and negatively affected yield. The use of drains positively impacted the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, the 1,000 seeds weight, and grain yield. The more intense waterlogging conditions in 2018 resulted in the highest grain yield and superior production traits were obtained with row spacings between 0.41 and 0.48 m. In the absence of waterlogging, the 0.17 m row spacing was more productive. Canola cultivation can occur in waterlogged soils in the presence of surface drainage and at row spacings ranging from 0.40 to 0.50 m.
{"title":"Modification of canola cultivation conditions in a waterlogging-susceptible subtropical environment","authors":"Paulo Eugenio Schaefer, Astor Henrique Nied, Arno Bernardo Heldwein, Genei Antonio Dalmago, Antonio Carlos Pappis, Jorge Alberto de Gouvêa","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61434","url":null,"abstract":"Waterlogging directly interferes with the production capacity of agricultural crops in response to the morphophysiological changes caused to plants. Since the cultivation of poorly drained soils is traditionally avoided, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of expanding canola cultivation into waterlogged soils using soil surface drainage and different row spacings in lowland areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of the presence and absence of surface drains at 0.25 m depth and row spacings of 0.17, 0.34, 0.51, and 0.68 m arranged in two-factorial randomized blocks with four replications, in 2018 and 2019. In this study, growth traits, yield components, and the final grain yield of canola were evaluated. The increase in lateral branching in canola plants was found to be directly related to waterlogging and negatively affected yield. The use of drains positively impacted the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, the 1,000 seeds weight, and grain yield. The more intense waterlogging conditions in 2018 resulted in the highest grain yield and superior production traits were obtained with row spacings between 0.41 and 0.48 m. In the absence of waterlogging, the 0.17 m row spacing was more productive. Canola cultivation can occur in waterlogged soils in the presence of surface drainage and at row spacings ranging from 0.40 to 0.50 m.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60516
José Eduardo Santos Barboza da Silva, Salvador Barros Torres, Caio César Pereira Leal, Moadir de Sousa Leite, Keylan Silva Guirra, Francisco Assis Nogueira Neto, Bárbara França Dantas
The scarcity of surface water has led to the use of underground sources as an alternative for crop irrigation by farmers in semi-arid regions. However, these water sources generally have high salinity, which prevents agricultural production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pre-germination treatments with plant growth regulators and bioactivators on melon seeds to attenuate salt stress caused by irrigation water during germination and seedling development. Two trials were carried out separately with the hybrids, Goldex and Grand Prix. The design was completely randomized in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme (four seed treatments and three dilutions of irrigation water). Seeds were treated with salicylic acid and gibberellic acid and the insecticide, thiamethoxam, in addition to the control. Local supply water, artesian well groundwater, and dilution of these waters at a 1:1 ratio were employed for irrigation. Fourteen days after sowing, morphological and physiological analyses were performed, and the material was collected for biochemical determination. The use of saline well water affected the initial development of melon seedlings of the Goldex and Grand Prix hybrids. Pre-germination treatment of Goldex hybrid seeds with gibberellic acid was inefficient at mitigating salt stress. However, the effects of irrigation water salinity on Grand Prix melon seeds pretreated with salicylic acid and thiamethoxam were attenuated.
{"title":"Pre-germination treatments with plant growth regulators and bioactivators attenuate salt stress in melon: effects on germination and seedling development","authors":"José Eduardo Santos Barboza da Silva, Salvador Barros Torres, Caio César Pereira Leal, Moadir de Sousa Leite, Keylan Silva Guirra, Francisco Assis Nogueira Neto, Bárbara França Dantas","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60516","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of surface water has led to the use of underground sources as an alternative for crop irrigation by farmers in semi-arid regions. However, these water sources generally have high salinity, which prevents agricultural production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pre-germination treatments with plant growth regulators and bioactivators on melon seeds to attenuate salt stress caused by irrigation water during germination and seedling development. Two trials were carried out separately with the hybrids, Goldex and Grand Prix. The design was completely randomized in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme (four seed treatments and three dilutions of irrigation water). Seeds were treated with salicylic acid and gibberellic acid and the insecticide, thiamethoxam, in addition to the control. Local supply water, artesian well groundwater, and dilution of these waters at a 1:1 ratio were employed for irrigation. Fourteen days after sowing, morphological and physiological analyses were performed, and the material was collected for biochemical determination. The use of saline well water affected the initial development of melon seedlings of the Goldex and Grand Prix hybrids. Pre-germination treatment of Goldex hybrid seeds with gibberellic acid was inefficient at mitigating salt stress. However, the effects of irrigation water salinity on Grand Prix melon seeds pretreated with salicylic acid and thiamethoxam were attenuated.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"72 Suppl 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61448
Carlos Antônio dos Santos, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho, Rafael Gomes da Mota Gonçalves, Jessica de Oliveira Lima, Laura Carine Candido Diniz Cruz, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Brassica spp. production can be negatively affected by clubroot, which is caused by the protozoan Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Most of the information on clubroot control is derived from studies in temperate regions. Here, management strategies were evaluated to reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions. The first experiment revealed the effect of green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control) associated with broccoli seedlings of 4 different sizes. In the second experiment, the effect of soil amendments (limestone and steel slag) in conjunction with poultry litter (fresh or composted for 45 days) and without poultry litter (control), was assessed. Both field experiments sought to evaluate the disease intensity, plant development (root growth, biomass, and nutrient accumulation), and yield. Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli. However, such benefits were not derived from corn treatment. Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops. Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth; however, clubroot intensity was not significantly affected. Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control; however, broccoli yield was not affected by the treatments. Using green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings is recommended as a strategy to reduce losses induced by clubroot during broccoli cultivation.
甘蓝根茎病是由原生动物brassicae plasmodiophhora Woronin引起的。大多数关于根腐病防治的信息来自于温带地区的研究。本研究评估了在热带山区减少花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)因根茎病造成的作物损失的管理策略。第一个试验揭示了芫荽(Coriandrum sativum L.)、大麻(Crotalaria juncea L.)、甜玉米(Zea mays L.)和自然植被(对照)的绿肥对4种不同大小西兰花幼苗的影响。在第二个试验中，评估土壤改良剂(石灰石和钢渣)与家禽凋落物(新鲜或堆肥45天)和不添加家禽凋落物(对照)的效果。两项田间试验都试图评估病害强度、植株发育(根系生长、生物量和养分积累)和产量。大麻和香菜生物量导致西兰花健康根体积和干重较高。然而，这些益处并非来自玉米处理。与较小的幼苗(10 mL细胞和20日龄，16 mL细胞和24日龄)相比，使用较大的幼苗(35 mL细胞和28日龄，50 mL细胞和32日龄)可以降低棍棒病的强度，使夏作物的平均产量提高143%。钢渣与石灰石一样，能纠正土壤酸性，促进植物生长;但对球杆强度影响不显著。与对照相比，新鲜和堆肥的家禽垃圾增加了患病根的百分比;然而，这些处理对西兰花的产量没有影响。建议使用绿肥(大麻或香菜)和发育良好的幼苗作为减少花椰菜栽培过程中棍棒病造成的损失的策略。
{"title":"Strategies for reducing the impact of clubroot on broccoli cultivation in tropical mountain regions","authors":"Carlos Antônio dos Santos, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho, Rafael Gomes da Mota Gonçalves, Jessica de Oliveira Lima, Laura Carine Candido Diniz Cruz, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61448","url":null,"abstract":"Brassica spp. production can be negatively affected by clubroot, which is caused by the protozoan Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Most of the information on clubroot control is derived from studies in temperate regions. Here, management strategies were evaluated to reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions. The first experiment revealed the effect of green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control) associated with broccoli seedlings of 4 different sizes. In the second experiment, the effect of soil amendments (limestone and steel slag) in conjunction with poultry litter (fresh or composted for 45 days) and without poultry litter (control), was assessed. Both field experiments sought to evaluate the disease intensity, plant development (root growth, biomass, and nutrient accumulation), and yield. Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli. However, such benefits were not derived from corn treatment. Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops. Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth; however, clubroot intensity was not significantly affected. Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control; however, broccoli yield was not affected by the treatments. Using green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings is recommended as a strategy to reduce losses induced by clubroot during broccoli cultivation.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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