In our ongoing work on the identification of potent anti-inflammatory agents, we designed and synthesized three series of lathyrane diterpenoid hybrids in which the lathyrane diterpenoid skeleton was hybridized with other anti-inflammatory pharmacophores. Unexpectedly, lathyrane diterpenoid/3-hydroxyflavone hybrids showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells than did the corresponding parent compounds. Compound 8d1 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with low cytotoxicity (IC50 = 1.55 ± 0.68 μM), and downregulated LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2, as well as IκBα phosphorylation. This compound also inhibited the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and stimulated autophagy induction. Thus, 8d1’s anti-inflammatory mechanism is associated with inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing autophagy. This compound may serve as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
{"title":"New lathyrane diterpenoid hybrids have anti-inflammatory activity through the NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy","authors":"Wang Wang, Lian-Ming Xiong, Yanli Wu, Yirong Zhou, Yutong Li, Meng-zhu Zheng, Zhuorui Song, De-juan Sun, Lixia Chen","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"In our ongoing work on the identification of potent anti-inflammatory agents, we designed and synthesized three series of lathyrane diterpenoid hybrids in which the lathyrane diterpenoid skeleton was hybridized with other anti-inflammatory pharmacophores. Unexpectedly, lathyrane diterpenoid/3-hydroxyflavone hybrids showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells than did the corresponding parent compounds. Compound 8d1 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with low cytotoxicity (IC50 = 1.55 ± 0.68 μM), and downregulated LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2, as well as IκBα phosphorylation. This compound also inhibited the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and stimulated autophagy induction. Thus, 8d1’s anti-inflammatory mechanism is associated with inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing autophagy. This compound may serve as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45651202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manjiong Wang, Tongke Tang, Zhenghui Huang, Ruoxi Li, Dazheng Ling, Jin Zhu, Lubing Jiang, Jian Li, Xiaokang Li
In our previous work, the clinical phase II HDAC inhibitor quisinostat was identified as a promising antimalarial agent through a drug repurposing strategy, but its safety was a matter of concern. Herein, further medicinal chemistry methods were used to identify new chemical entities with greater effectiveness and safety than quisinostat. In total, 38 novel hydroxamic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro antimalarial activities were systematically investigated. These compounds at nanomolar concentrations showed inhibitory effects on wild-type and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in the erythrocyte stage. Among them, compound 30, after oral administration, resulted in complete elimination of parasites in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, and also exhibited better safety and metabolic properties than observed in our previous work. Mechanistically, compound 30 upregulated plasmodium histone acetylation, according to western blotting, thus suggesting that it exerts antimalarial effects through inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum HDAC enzymes.
{"title":"Design and synthesis of novel hydroxamic acid derivatives based on quisinostat as promising antimalarial agents with improved safety","authors":"Manjiong Wang, Tongke Tang, Zhenghui Huang, Ruoxi Li, Dazheng Ling, Jin Zhu, Lubing Jiang, Jian Li, Xiaokang Li","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous work, the clinical phase II HDAC inhibitor quisinostat was identified as a promising antimalarial agent through a drug repurposing strategy, but its safety was a matter of concern. Herein, further medicinal chemistry methods were used to identify new chemical entities with greater effectiveness and safety than quisinostat. In total, 38 novel hydroxamic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro antimalarial activities were systematically investigated. These compounds at nanomolar concentrations showed inhibitory effects on wild-type and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in the erythrocyte stage. Among them, compound 30, after oral administration, resulted in complete elimination of parasites in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, and also exhibited better safety and metabolic properties than observed in our previous work. Mechanistically, compound 30 upregulated plasmodium histone acetylation, according to western blotting, thus suggesting that it exerts antimalarial effects through inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum HDAC enzymes.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42357011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is activated in breast cancer, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and is critical for cell invasion. It interacts with embryonic ectoderm development (EED) in maintaining cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties, hence promoting CSC metastasis. Because the association of EZH2 with EED promotes the catalytic activity of EZH2, inhibiting the EED-EZH2 interaction is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating EZH2-dependent cancer. Although several EED-EZH2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors have been developed, few target EED. Here, we identified that a cytisine derivative compound (1) potently binds EED, thus blocking the EED-EZH2 PPI. Compound 1 was found to inhibit cell proliferation and suppress the growth of 3D tumor spheres of TNBC cells. Moreover, by reversing EMT and decreasing the ratio of CSCs, the compound inhibited TNBC metastasis and invasion ability. Therefore, targeting EED to disrupt the EED-EZH2 PPI may provide a new approach for treating TNBC metastasis. To our knowledge, compound 1 is the first cytisine-based EED-EZH2 PPI inhibitor preventing metastasis in TNBC cells. This study may provide a new avenue for the development of more efficacious EED-EZH2 PPI inhibitors in TNBC treatment.
{"title":"Identification of a cytisine-based EED-EZH2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor preventing metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells","authors":"Shasha Cheng, Guan-Jun Yang, Wanhe Wang, Ying-Qi Song, Chung-Nga Ko, Quan-Bing Han, Diklung Ma, Chung-Hang Leung","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is activated in breast cancer, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and is critical for cell invasion. It interacts with embryonic ectoderm development (EED) in maintaining cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties, hence promoting CSC metastasis. Because the association of EZH2 with EED promotes the catalytic activity of EZH2, inhibiting the EED-EZH2 interaction is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating EZH2-dependent cancer. Although several EED-EZH2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors have been developed, few target EED. Here, we identified that a cytisine derivative compound (1) potently binds EED, thus blocking the EED-EZH2 PPI. Compound 1 was found to inhibit cell proliferation and suppress the growth of 3D tumor spheres of TNBC cells. Moreover, by reversing EMT and decreasing the ratio of CSCs, the compound inhibited TNBC metastasis and invasion ability. Therefore, targeting EED to disrupt the EED-EZH2 PPI may provide a new approach for treating TNBC metastasis. To our knowledge, compound 1 is the first cytisine-based EED-EZH2 PPI inhibitor preventing metastasis in TNBC cells. This study may provide a new avenue for the development of more efficacious EED-EZH2 PPI inhibitors in TNBC treatment.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tielan Wei, Sachin S. Thakur, Mengyang Liu, Jingyuan Wen
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide with potent antioxidant activity, which is involved in numerous basic biological processes and has been used for interventions in various degenerative diseases. However, oral delivery of GSH remains challenging, similarly to that of other protein and peptide drugs, because the physicochemical barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract lead to low oral bioavailability. Although several approaches have been explored to improve delivery, such as co-administration with penetration enhancers and enzymatic inhibitors, or encapsulation into nanoparticles, microemulsions and liposomes, appropriate formulations with clinical therapeutic effects remain to be developed. This review discusses approaches explored to developing an oral GSH delivery system that could provide protection against proteolytic degradation in the GI tract and enhance molecular absorption across the epithelial membrane. This system may be beneficial for the design and development of an oral formulation of GSH in the future.
{"title":"Oral delivery of glutathione: antioxidant function, barriers and strategies","authors":"Tielan Wei, Sachin S. Thakur, Mengyang Liu, Jingyuan Wen","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide with potent antioxidant activity, which is involved in numerous basic biological processes and has been used for interventions in various degenerative diseases. However, oral delivery of GSH remains challenging, similarly to that of other protein and peptide drugs, because the physicochemical barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract lead to low oral bioavailability. Although several approaches have been explored to improve delivery, such as co-administration with penetration enhancers and enzymatic inhibitors, or encapsulation into nanoparticles, microemulsions and liposomes, appropriate formulations with clinical therapeutic effects remain to be developed. This review discusses approaches explored to developing an oral GSH delivery system that could provide protection against proteolytic degradation in the GI tract and enhance molecular absorption across the epithelial membrane. This system may be beneficial for the design and development of an oral formulation of GSH in the future.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43715691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun Xing Li, Hao-Nan Wang, Guanghao Zhu, Li-Lin Song, Xu-Dong Hou, Peng-Chao Huo, J. Hou, Guangbo Ge
Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) play crucial roles in the deconjugation of conjugated bile acids and therefore are key targets for modulating bile acid metabolism. This study aimed to identify efficacious BSH inhibitors from a natural compound library and to characterize their inhibitory mechanisms. The inhibitory potential of more than 100 natural compounds against BSH produced by Lactobacillus salivarius (lsBSH) was assayed, and several chalcones with strong or moderate lsBSH inhibitory activity were identified. Of all tested chalcones, licochalcone C and isobavachalcone showed the most potent lsBSH inhibitory activity (IC50 < 1 μM). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that both licochalcone C and isobavachalcone reversibly inhibited lsBSH-catalyzed CA-AMCA hydrolysis via a mixed manner. Docking simulations suggested that they bind lsBSH at two distinct sites mainly via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, licochalcone C and isobavachalcone were found to inhibit various BSHs and decrease the total BSH activity in mouse feces, thus suggesting that these agents are broad-spectrum BSH inhibitors. Collectively, our findings revealed that licochalcone C and isobavachalcone are naturally occurring inhibitors of BSH, which may serve as promising lead compounds in the development of more efficacious BSH inhibitors for modulating bile acid metabolism.
{"title":"Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring chalcones as potent inhibitors of bile salt hydrolases","authors":"Chun Xing Li, Hao-Nan Wang, Guanghao Zhu, Li-Lin Song, Xu-Dong Hou, Peng-Chao Huo, J. Hou, Guangbo Ge","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) play crucial roles in the deconjugation of conjugated bile acids and therefore are key targets for modulating bile acid metabolism. This study aimed to identify efficacious BSH inhibitors from a natural compound library and to characterize their inhibitory mechanisms. The inhibitory potential of more than 100 natural compounds against BSH produced by Lactobacillus salivarius (lsBSH) was assayed, and several chalcones with strong or moderate lsBSH inhibitory activity were identified. Of all tested chalcones, licochalcone C and isobavachalcone showed the most potent lsBSH inhibitory activity (IC50 < 1 μM). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that both licochalcone C and isobavachalcone reversibly inhibited lsBSH-catalyzed CA-AMCA hydrolysis via a mixed manner. Docking simulations suggested that they bind lsBSH at two distinct sites mainly via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, licochalcone C and isobavachalcone were found to inhibit various BSHs and decrease the total BSH activity in mouse feces, thus suggesting that these agents are broad-spectrum BSH inhibitors. Collectively, our findings revealed that licochalcone C and isobavachalcone are naturally occurring inhibitors of BSH, which may serve as promising lead compounds in the development of more efficacious BSH inhibitors for modulating bile acid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapid-prototyping technology that uses a digital model file to construct an object through layer printing. This novel technology is widely used in aerospace, medicine, architecture and industrial applications. However, the pharmaceutical applications of 3DP technology remain in early stages, and the pharmaceutical industry is expected to experience a revolution in 3DP. Herein, recent research progress in 3D-printed medicinal tablets is reviewed, to provide a reference for future studies and applications of 3DP technology in pharmaceutics.
{"title":"Research progress in 3D-printed medicinal tablets","authors":"Naijun Dong, Hongqian Lv, Cheng Liu, P. Zhang","doi":"10.15212/amm-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapid-prototyping technology that uses a digital model file to construct an object through layer printing. This novel technology is widely used in aerospace, medicine, architecture and industrial applications. However, the pharmaceutical applications of 3DP technology remain in early stages, and the pharmaceutical industry is expected to experience a revolution in 3DP. Herein, recent research progress in 3D-printed medicinal tablets is reviewed, to provide a reference for future studies and applications of 3DP technology in pharmaceutics.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44659228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianjun Wu, Yinan Zhou, Hanqing Hu, Dawei Yang, Fan Yang
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease that is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk. Long-term high blood glucose levels may induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac dysfunction and suppress fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a link between antioxidant carotenoids and T2DM, but a comprehensive longitudinal study of this association has not yet been conducted. We included participants with biological measurements for both serum cis-β-carotene and fasting glucose from NHANES (2001–2006). We divided the participants into quartiles according to serum cis-β-carotene levels and determined the association between these levels and glucose metabolism by using multivariable regression models adjusted for confounding factors. The mechanism through which β-carotene levels regulate plasma glucose levels was further investigated in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we performed a preliminary exploration of the effects of β-carotene on diabetic rats and primary cardiomyocytes. Higher cis-β-carotene (quartile 4) was associated with higher LDL-cholesterol levels but lower fasting blood glucose levels. However, T2DM rats subjected to β-carotene treatment showed diminished total triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and their β-carotene levels were associated with better cardiac function than that in the T2DM group (P<0.05). Moreover, β-carotene was found to be an important protective factor improving cardiac and mitochondrial function in diabetes. At non-cytotoxic doses, β-carotene clearly improved glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells. Treatment with β-carotene increased GLUT4 and p-Akt expression, and attenuated the phosphorylation of IRS-1. Our data demonstrated that β-carotene improved cardiac mitochondria biogenesis in diabetes due to activation of PGC-1β. Our results indicate that β-carotene can be used to treat metabolic disorders through inhibition of the insulin-resistance pathway in diabetes.
{"title":"Effects of β-carotene on glucose metabolism dysfunction in humans and type 2 diabetic rats","authors":"Jianjun Wu, Yinan Zhou, Hanqing Hu, Dawei Yang, Fan Yang","doi":"10.15212/amm-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease that is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk. Long-term high blood glucose levels may induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac dysfunction and suppress fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a link between antioxidant carotenoids and T2DM, but a comprehensive longitudinal study of this association has not yet been conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We included participants with biological measurements for both serum cis-β-carotene and fasting glucose from NHANES (2001–2006). We divided the participants into quartiles according to serum cis-β-carotene levels and determined the association between these levels and glucose metabolism by using multivariable regression models adjusted for confounding factors. The mechanism through which β-carotene levels regulate plasma glucose levels was further investigated in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we performed a preliminary exploration of the effects of β-carotene on diabetic rats and primary cardiomyocytes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Higher cis-β-carotene (quartile 4) was associated with higher LDL-cholesterol levels but lower fasting blood glucose levels. However, T2DM rats subjected to β-carotene treatment showed diminished total triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and their β-carotene levels were associated with better cardiac function than that in the T2DM group (P<0.05). Moreover, β-carotene was found to be an important protective factor improving cardiac and mitochondrial function in diabetes. At non-cytotoxic doses, β-carotene clearly improved glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells. Treatment with β-carotene increased GLUT4 and p-Akt expression, and attenuated the phosphorylation of IRS-1. Our data demonstrated that β-carotene improved cardiac mitochondria biogenesis in diabetes due to activation of PGC-1β.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results indicate that β-carotene can be used to treat metabolic disorders through inhibition of the insulin-resistance pathway in diabetes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48253063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Many peptides and proteins are limited by their poor enzymatic stability and permeability across the intestinal epithelial membranes and/or blood-brain barrier (BBB). Parenteral administration of these peptides is unfavorable because of procedural complications and low patient compliance with treatments. Instead, oral delivery is the preferred route of administration because it allows for self-administration and has a high degree of patient acceptability and compliance. Oral delivery of these peptides poses a major challenge, because the peptide drug must overcome both the physical and biochemical barriers of the gastrointestinal tract and BBB. An oral drug delivery system is beneficial because it can protect peptide drugs against degradation and deliver them to the brain, where they exert their pharmacological actions. The use of active-targeting ligands and/or cell-penetrating peptides increases penetration and uptake across the BBB. This review focuses on the diverse combinations of drug delivery systems, active-targeting ligands, and cell-penetrating peptides used to deliver peptides to the brain.
{"title":"Ligands for oral delivery of peptides across the blood-brain-barrier","authors":"Murad Al Gailani, Mengyang Liu, Jingyuan Wen","doi":"10.15212/amm-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Many peptides and proteins are limited by their poor enzymatic stability and permeability across the intestinal epithelial membranes and/or blood-brain barrier (BBB). Parenteral administration of these peptides is unfavorable because of procedural complications and low patient compliance with treatments. Instead, oral delivery is the preferred route of administration because it allows for self-administration and has a high degree of patient acceptability and compliance. Oral delivery of these peptides poses a major challenge, because the peptide drug must overcome both the physical and biochemical barriers of the gastrointestinal tract and BBB. An oral drug delivery system is beneficial because it can protect peptide drugs against degradation and deliver them to the brain, where they exert their pharmacological actions. The use of active-targeting ligands and/or cell-penetrating peptides increases penetration and uptake across the BBB. This review focuses on the diverse combinations of drug delivery systems, active-targeting ligands, and cell-penetrating peptides used to deliver peptides to the brain.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41339967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xudong Xie, Liangcong Hu, Hang Xue, Y. Xiong, Adriana C. Panayi, Ze Lin, Lang Chen, Chenchen Yan, Wu Zhou, B. Mi, Guohui Liu
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been estimated to have claimed more than 6 million lives, and most deaths have been attributed to complications non-specific to the virus. Therefore, understanding and treating these complications are imperative. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed 181 studies published in early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We presented that the complications with high incidence among all COVID-19 cases were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, 18.52%), respiratory failure (16.54%), liver injury (14.13%) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, 13.62%). Among patients who died, the most common complications were ARDS (84.10%), respiratory failure (78.75%) and respiratory injury (75.72%). Subsequently, we analyzed the risk factors for complications, and reviewed the currently available therapies according to complications and prognosis. To decrease the prevalence of COVID-19 complications and mortality, healthcare workers and patients should pay greater attention to the complications identified herein, particularly those occurring preclinically.
{"title":"Prognosis and treatment of complications associated with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xudong Xie, Liangcong Hu, Hang Xue, Y. Xiong, Adriana C. Panayi, Ze Lin, Lang Chen, Chenchen Yan, Wu Zhou, B. Mi, Guohui Liu","doi":"10.15212/amm-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been estimated to have claimed more than 6 million lives, and most deaths have been attributed to complications non-specific to the virus. Therefore, understanding and treating these complications are imperative. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed 181 studies published in early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We presented that the complications with high incidence among all COVID-19 cases were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, 18.52%), respiratory failure (16.54%), liver injury (14.13%) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, 13.62%). Among patients who died, the most common complications were ARDS (84.10%), respiratory failure (78.75%) and respiratory injury (75.72%). Subsequently, we analyzed the risk factors for complications, and reviewed the currently available therapies according to complications and prognosis. To decrease the prevalence of COVID-19 complications and mortality, healthcare workers and patients should pay greater attention to the complications identified herein, particularly those occurring preclinically.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019, responsible for a global pandemic, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Several vaccines have been developed and approved worldwide, particularly in China. As of Oct 17, 2021, four new coronavirus vaccines in China have been conditionally approved for marketing by the National Medical Products Administration, two of which have been authorized for emergency use in the Emergency Use Listing of the World Health Organization. Domestic vaccine R&D in China has relied on legal and regulatory support. This article summarizes the regulatory policy for vaccine development, review and approval. Vaccine approval laws have been continually improved, and regulations for special approval have been used to shorten the review time. China has coordinated pandemic-related needs, both domestically and with other countries, and made substantial progress in cooperative international anti-pandemic efforts.
{"title":"Regulatory lessons from China’s COVID-19 vaccines development and approval policies","authors":"Jingshu Yang, Yue Yang","doi":"10.15212/amm-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/amm-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019, responsible for a global pandemic, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Several vaccines have been developed and approved worldwide, particularly in China. As of Oct 17, 2021, four new coronavirus vaccines in China have been conditionally approved for marketing by the National Medical Products Administration, two of which have been authorized for emergency use in the Emergency Use Listing of the World Health Organization. Domestic vaccine R&D in China has relied on legal and regulatory support. This article summarizes the regulatory policy for vaccine development, review and approval. Vaccine approval laws have been continually improved, and regulations for special approval have been used to shorten the review time. China has coordinated pandemic-related needs, both domestically and with other countries, and made substantial progress in cooperative international anti-pandemic efforts.","PeriodicalId":72055,"journal":{"name":"Acta materia medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43212646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：