The paper extensively reviews the recent studies conducted on environmental noise monitoring and control using smartphone applications. The methodologies and procedures adapted by several researchers utilizing smartphone technology has been summarized. The study also discusses the various methods of calibration and the calibration factor observed for smartphone when compared to sound standard. This study concludes that the smartphone applications is an easy, cheap and convenient technology as compared to the conventional technology provided the calibration of smart phone microphone is undertaken with reference to sound standard and free-field microphone for environmental noise measurements.
{"title":"Implications of Smartphone Technology in Environmental Noise Monitoring in Indian Perspectives","authors":"N. Dhiman, B. Singh, P. K. Saini, Nakul Garg","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2609","url":null,"abstract":"The paper extensively reviews the recent studies conducted on environmental noise monitoring and control using smartphone applications. The methodologies and procedures adapted by several researchers utilizing smartphone technology has been summarized. The study also discusses the various\u0000 methods of calibration and the calibration factor observed for smartphone when compared to sound standard. This study concludes that the smartphone applications is an easy, cheap and convenient technology as compared to the conventional technology provided the calibration of smart phone microphone\u0000 is undertaken with reference to sound standard and free-field microphone for environmental noise measurements.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74347266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The risks associated with driving have resulted in severe tragedies and amongst these drowsiness is one such major risk. The state of drowsiness in drivers has led to accidents resulting in significant monetary losses, serious injuries and even deaths. Drivers involved in driving for longer times and distances are more prone to the state of drowsiness. The issues related to drowsiness have encouraged many researchers to develop detection mechanisms so that accidents could be averted. Researchers have discovered that most common basis for the detection of drowsiness are physiological based measures, behavioral based measures, subjective base measures and vehicle based measures. However, many researchers still endeavor to find more efficient solution for the detection of driver drowsiness. In this paper, major causes for drowsiness have been discussed. Various systems based upon which drowsiness can be detected have also been elaborated. Moreover, the conclusion of this paper focuses upon the gaps which if worked upon will bring new ways and means for developing a better and reliable system for detecting drowsiness. This paper will significantly contribute to the automobile industry as it will bring forth existing methods to detect drowsiness, and will also serve as a strong basis for the development of a robust drowsiness detection system which can be used as a safety feature for every automobile.
{"title":"Safety of Drivers Against Drowsiness—An Urgent Need of Present Day World","authors":"Sidhant Gandotra, S. Mohan","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2607","url":null,"abstract":"The risks associated with driving have resulted in severe tragedies and amongst these drowsiness is one such major risk. The state of drowsiness in drivers has led to accidents resulting in significant monetary losses, serious injuries and even deaths. Drivers involved in driving for\u0000 longer times and distances are more prone to the state of drowsiness. The issues related to drowsiness have encouraged many researchers to develop detection mechanisms so that accidents could be averted. Researchers have discovered that most common basis for the detection of drowsiness are\u0000 physiological based measures, behavioral based measures, subjective base measures and vehicle based measures. However, many researchers still endeavor to find more efficient solution for the detection of driver drowsiness. In this paper, major causes for drowsiness have been discussed. Various\u0000 systems based upon which drowsiness can be detected have also been elaborated. Moreover, the conclusion of this paper focuses upon the gaps which if worked upon will bring new ways and means for developing a better and reliable system for detecting drowsiness. This paper will significantly\u0000 contribute to the automobile industry as it will bring forth existing methods to detect drowsiness, and will also serve as a strong basis for the development of a robust drowsiness detection system which can be used as a safety feature for every automobile.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85112072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the errors associated with short-term and temporal noise monitoring strategies in Indian perspectives. The study recommends that random strategies offer to be cost-effective approach in noise monitoring as compared to the complicated and costly long-term noise monitoring. The study recommends the random strategies serve to be the best substitute to long-term noise monitoring for achieving higher accuracy, reducing the costs and noise assessment of larger parts of the metropolitan cities of India. Such a strategy can be used for noise monitoring of the larger number of sites of the urban agglomerations with the existing Noise Monitoring Terminals (NMTs) deployed for 24 hours throughout the year at some dedicate sites only.
{"title":"Accuracy of Short-Term and Temporal Noise Monitoring Strategies in Indian Perspectives","authors":"Nakul Garg, B. Singh, N. Dhiman, P. K. Saini","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2614","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the errors associated with short-term and temporal noise monitoring strategies in Indian perspectives. The study recommends that random strategies offer to be cost-effective approach in noise monitoring as compared to the complicated and costly long-term noise monitoring.\u0000 The study recommends the random strategies serve to be the best substitute to long-term noise monitoring for achieving higher accuracy, reducing the costs and noise assessment of larger parts of the metropolitan cities of India. Such a strategy can be used for noise monitoring of the larger\u0000 number of sites of the urban agglomerations with the existing Noise Monitoring Terminals (NMTs) deployed for 24 hours throughout the year at some dedicate sites only.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76294618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nusselt number for a Shell and tube Heat Exchanger with segmental baffles for different nanofluids, for different mass flow rate are discussed in the present paper. A shell and tube heat exchanger with 7 tubes and 4 segmental baffles modelling is done using SOLIDWORKS and simulation is done by the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software; ANSYS-FLUENT. By using Fluent, computational fluid dynamics software the heat transfer coefficient and various heat characteristics of Al2O3–H2O, TiO2–H2O and CuO–H2O for 1% volume of concentration nanofluids are estimated in the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger considering the turbulent flow.
{"title":"A Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using (CuO, Al2O3, TiO2)-Water Nanofluids","authors":"S. Khan, H. Thakur, N. Khan","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2585","url":null,"abstract":"The Nusselt number for a Shell and tube Heat Exchanger with segmental baffles for different nanofluids, for different mass flow rate are discussed in the present paper. A shell and tube heat exchanger with 7 tubes and 4 segmental baffles modelling is done using SOLIDWORKS and simulation\u0000 is done by the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software; ANSYS-FLUENT. By using Fluent, computational fluid dynamics software the heat transfer coefficient and various heat characteristics of Al2O3–H2O, TiO2–H2O and CuO–H2O\u0000 for 1% volume of concentration nanofluids are estimated in the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger considering the turbulent flow.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84463937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper looks into the metal matrix composites of graphene and structural metals. In this we look into the major production processes to produce graphene nanolayers with or without any substrate and also compare the production rate of each of these process. It also compares and interprets the result of different studies conducted in the field of composites. The structural metals that are compared in this paper are Aluminium and Copper due to extensive research done with these materials and has proven that these composites tend to have a stable structure and better physical as well as mechanical properties than the pristine metal.
{"title":"Use of Graphene as Augmenting Component in Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"A. Singholi, Raja Varshney, Kartikey Sharma","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks into the metal matrix composites of graphene and structural metals. In this we look into the major production processes to produce graphene nanolayers with or without any substrate and also compare the production rate of each of these process. It also compares and interprets\u0000 the result of different studies conducted in the field of composites. The structural metals that are compared in this paper are Aluminium and Copper due to extensive research done with these materials and has proven that these composites tend to have a stable structure and better physical\u0000 as well as mechanical properties than the pristine metal.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welding technology has brought a milestone change in metal joining processes and its applications and almost eradicated some other metal joining processes (riveting etc.). Friction stir welding is a solid state welding technique comparatively recent than others. This study intends to elucidate the current scenario in the field of friction stir welding with special focus on dissimilar metal friction stir welding, underwater friction stir welding and hybrid friction stir welding. Further, future challenges in the friction stir welding have been described.
{"title":"Recent Trends in Friction Stir Welding","authors":"Arundeb Gupta, Vipin","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2700","url":null,"abstract":"Welding technology has brought a milestone change in metal joining processes and its applications and almost eradicated some other metal joining processes (riveting etc.). Friction stir welding is a solid state welding technique comparatively recent than others. This study intends to\u0000 elucidate the current scenario in the field of friction stir welding with special focus on dissimilar metal friction stir welding, underwater friction stir welding and hybrid friction stir welding. Further, future challenges in the friction stir welding have been described.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76587222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we subjected Centaurea virgata and Centaurea solstitialis extracts to a qualitative chemical analysis to identify the most important chemical groups they contain, we also aimed to determine their total phenolic content. In addition to the phytochemical study, hemolysis test was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of the plant extracts on red blood cells membranes, and to evaluate the plants’ ability to prevent the oxidative hemolysis for normal and G6PD enzyme-deficient human erythrocytes. Qualitative Phytochemical analysis exposed that the aerial parts extracts contains phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. Both extracts had good phenolic contents. The present study also showed that hydromethanolic extracts of the plants have no obvious toxic effects towards human erythrocytes membranes. The extracts proved their antioxidant activities through their excellent activities in protecting normal and G6PD enzyme-deficient human erythrocytes from oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Further studies are wanted for detecting biological and biochemical effects of these plants.
{"title":"Study on the Hemolytic and Anti-Hemolytic Activities of the Aerial Parts Extracts of Centaurea virgata and Centaurea solstitialis","authors":"R. Joujeh, Salim Zeid, S. Mona","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2720","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we subjected Centaurea virgata and Centaurea solstitialis extracts to a qualitative chemical analysis to identify the most important chemical groups they contain, we also aimed to determine their total phenolic content. In addition to the phytochemical study,\u0000 hemolysis test was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of the plant extracts on red blood cells membranes, and to evaluate the plants’ ability to prevent the oxidative hemolysis for normal and G6PD enzyme-deficient human erythrocytes. Qualitative Phytochemical analysis\u0000 exposed that the aerial parts extracts contains phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. Both extracts had good phenolic contents. The present study also showed that hydromethanolic extracts of the plants have no obvious toxic effects towards human erythrocytes\u0000 membranes. The extracts proved their antioxidant activities through their excellent activities in protecting normal and G6PD enzyme-deficient human erythrocytes from oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Further studies are wanted for detecting biological and biochemical\u0000 effects of these plants.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper presents an analysis of prospects and challenges of computer assisted virtual education systems in developing countries during COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire-based survey has been conducted through an online platform to assess the prospects and challenges of adopting computer assisted virtual education systems during the current pandemic in the 21st century. The questionnaire is composed of ten questions related to the computer assisted virtual education systems in Bangladesh. This analysis has been performed based on the data obtained from students’ perspectives. The outcome of the proposed research work is based on the response of 194 students of a Private University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Almost equal number of students from urban and rural areas of Bangladesh have taken part in this survey willingly. From the analysis of the outcomes obtained from the survey it is revealed that there are a lot of prospects of online education along with some challenges in a developing country like Bangladesh. The outcome of the research based on prospects and challenges of online education systems can be a center of attraction for the researchers all over the world to develop a cost effective, user friendly, reliable computer assisted virtual education system for the developing countries, which may be also helpful for the underdeveloped countries in the very near future.
{"title":"Prospects and Challenges of Computer Assisted Virtual Education System During COVID-19 in Developing Countries from Students’ Perspectives","authors":"Sharmin Akter, Imtiaz Nayeem, M. Humayun","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2721","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper presents an analysis of prospects and challenges of computer assisted virtual education systems in developing countries during COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire-based survey has been conducted through an online platform to assess the prospects and challenges of\u0000 adopting computer assisted virtual education systems during the current pandemic in the 21st century. The questionnaire is composed of ten questions related to the computer assisted virtual education systems in Bangladesh. This analysis has been performed based on the data obtained from students’\u0000 perspectives. The outcome of the proposed research work is based on the response of 194 students of a Private University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Almost equal number of students from urban and rural areas of Bangladesh have taken part in this survey willingly. From the analysis of the outcomes\u0000 obtained from the survey it is revealed that there are a lot of prospects of online education along with some challenges in a developing country like Bangladesh. The outcome of the research based on prospects and challenges of online education systems can be a center of attraction for the\u0000 researchers all over the world to develop a cost effective, user friendly, reliable computer assisted virtual education system for the developing countries, which may be also helpful for the underdeveloped countries in the very near future.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73303388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gasification has become the most important biomass conversion processes in recent years. There is an imperative need of an accurate mathematical model that can save cost and time from performing expensive experiments. In this study, a one-dimensional model is developed and solved in MATLAB to simulate a downdraft gasifier. The model incorporates the crucial effect of the pyrolysis fraction and char reactivity factor. The mass and energy balance are solved taking into account the kinetics of the reactions involved. The product composition, velocity, and pressure distribution along with temperature profile in the reduction zone are then obtained. The results obtained from the model are in close agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Reduction Zone of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier","authors":"Akshat Srivastav, P. Arun, C. Muraleedharan","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2705","url":null,"abstract":"Gasification has become the most important biomass conversion processes in recent years. There is an imperative need of an accurate mathematical model that can save cost and time from performing expensive experiments. In this study, a one-dimensional model is developed and solved in\u0000 MATLAB to simulate a downdraft gasifier. The model incorporates the crucial effect of the pyrolysis fraction and char reactivity factor. The mass and energy balance are solved taking into account the kinetics of the reactions involved. The product composition, velocity, and pressure distribution\u0000 along with temperature profile in the reduction zone are then obtained. The results obtained from the model are in close agreement with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75949971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete is likely the most widely utilized development material on the planet with around six billion tones being created each year. It is just close to water as far according to capita utilization. It makes more impacts condition perspectives and causes more harm because of crude material extraction and outflow of carbon dioxide during the creation of concrete. The ecological issues had made analysts around the globe to lessen the use of concrete utilization by replacing the concrete by including different materials, which are happening normally, squander items from businesses which utilizes less vitality. These materials are called as pozzolanas which can be which can joined with calcium hydroxide, displays cementitious properties. Most ordinarily admixtures utilized in the concrete substance are Conplast 430. This admixture is to be analysed for its presentation when it is blended in with concrete so that can give decrease in life cycle cost. The main objective of this study is to focus the characteristics of M20 and M40 grade concrete with replacing partially of cement with 10%, 20% and 30% of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) by using the cubes, cylinders which were examined as compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths.
{"title":"Performance on Self-Compacting Concrete Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)","authors":"M. Prathap, J. Sudarsan, S. Nithiyanantham","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2713","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is likely the most widely utilized development material on the planet with around six billion tones being created each year. It is just close to water as far according to capita utilization. It makes more impacts condition perspectives and causes more harm because of crude\u0000 material extraction and outflow of carbon dioxide during the creation of concrete. The ecological issues had made analysts around the globe to lessen the use of concrete utilization by replacing the concrete by including different materials, which are happening normally, squander items from\u0000 businesses which utilizes less vitality. These materials are called as pozzolanas which can be which can joined with calcium hydroxide, displays cementitious properties. Most ordinarily admixtures utilized in the concrete substance are Conplast 430. This admixture is to be analysed for its\u0000 presentation when it is blended in with concrete so that can give decrease in life cycle cost. The main objective of this study is to focus the characteristics of M20 and M40 grade concrete with replacing partially of cement with 10%, 20% and 30% of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)\u0000 by using the cubes, cylinders which were examined as compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91428265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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