Zirconium Diboride (ZrB2) is known as an ultra-high temperature ceramic with applications in various industries like refractory and foundry industries. In conjunction with Silicon Carbide (SiC), ZrB2 ceramic finds extensive applications in the nose caps and leading edges of atmospheric re-entry vehicles and rocket propulsion. The primary objective is to optimize the output responses viz., Vickers micro hardness, relative density, compressive strength of ZrB2-30 vol.% SiC composites developed through microwave sintering. The three control factors viz., sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time are chosen as input process parameters for microwave sintering. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is used to obtain experimental runs. The Grey Relational Taguchi provides the optimal process parameters by binding the multiple responses (relative density, vickers micro-hardness, and compressive strength) into single comprehensive response [i.e., Grey Relational Grade (GRG)]. The results confirm that the optimal parameters attained using Grey Relational Taguchi maximize the performance characteristics of the microwave sintering process.
{"title":"Parametric Optimization of ZrB2–SiC Composites Sintered Through Microwave Sintering Using Grey Relational Taguchi","authors":"Ankur Sharma, D. Karunakar","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2598","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconium Diboride (ZrB2) is known as an ultra-high temperature ceramic with applications in various industries like refractory and foundry industries. In conjunction with Silicon Carbide (SiC), ZrB2 ceramic finds extensive applications in the nose caps and leading\u0000 edges of atmospheric re-entry vehicles and rocket propulsion. The primary objective is to optimize the output responses viz., Vickers micro hardness, relative density, compressive strength of ZrB2-30 vol.% SiC composites developed through microwave sintering. The three control factors\u0000 viz., sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time are chosen as input process parameters for microwave sintering. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is used to obtain experimental runs. The Grey Relational Taguchi provides the optimal process parameters by binding the\u0000 multiple responses (relative density, vickers micro-hardness, and compressive strength) into single comprehensive response [i.e., Grey Relational Grade (GRG)]. The results confirm that the optimal parameters attained using Grey Relational Taguchi maximize the performance characteristics of\u0000 the microwave sintering process.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91242099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kavitha, P. Parthiban, M. Goel, K. Ravikumar, Ashutosh Das, J. Sudarsan, S. Nithiyanantham
Kidney stone disease is a result of combination of food items consuming, drinking water quality and genetic heritability, which has been observed to be more prone (both occurrence and recurrence) to certain geographic regimes as Thanjavur suburbs of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The research carried out involves collection of medical information of Kidneystone patients of the study area and survey of their dietary habits including drinking water quality (through laboratory study), selection of suitable classifier to model the Kidney stone recurrence with the most contributing of 22 parameters (with due model evaluation). Weka (3.8.1) machine learning framework was used for the study, for evaluating the model accuracy of 66 classifiers, resulting 22 classifiers with accuracy higher than ZeroR, which was considered to be the benchmark. Based on this study, C-4.5 classifier (called J48 in Weka) was found to be most robust classifier, based on accuracy, precision, Recall, F-Measure, MCC, ROC Area and PRC Area. The selected classifiers were again evaluated based on domain conformance (namely, literature, logic and consistency) to obtain four validated classifiers, thereby providing seven parameters and their threshold value for kidney stone recurrence, namely, family history (Yes), Sulphate (>17ppm), potassium (>74 ppm), nitrate (>1.2 ppm), salinity (>120 ppm), conductivity (<=289 ppm) and water consumption (moderate).
{"title":"Assessment and Recurrence of Kidney Stones Through Optimized Machine Learning Tree Classifiers Using Dietary Water Quality Parameters and Patient’s History","authors":"B. Kavitha, P. Parthiban, M. Goel, K. Ravikumar, Ashutosh Das, J. Sudarsan, S. Nithiyanantham","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2681","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney stone disease is a result of combination of food items consuming, drinking water quality and genetic heritability, which has been observed to be more prone (both occurrence and recurrence) to certain geographic regimes as Thanjavur suburbs of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The\u0000 research carried out involves collection of medical information of Kidneystone patients of the study area and survey of their dietary habits including drinking water quality (through laboratory study), selection of suitable classifier to model the Kidney stone recurrence with the most contributing\u0000 of 22 parameters (with due model evaluation). Weka (3.8.1) machine learning framework was used for the study, for evaluating the model accuracy of 66 classifiers, resulting 22 classifiers with accuracy higher than ZeroR, which was considered to be the benchmark. Based on this study, C-4.5\u0000 classifier (called J48 in Weka) was found to be most robust classifier, based on accuracy, precision, Recall, F-Measure, MCC, ROC Area and PRC Area. The selected classifiers were again evaluated based on domain conformance (namely, literature, logic and consistency) to obtain four validated\u0000 classifiers, thereby providing seven parameters and their threshold value for kidney stone recurrence, namely, family history (Yes), Sulphate (>17ppm), potassium (>74 ppm), nitrate (>1.2 ppm), salinity (>120 ppm), conductivity (<=289 ppm) and water consumption (moderate).","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79324118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation is an important phoneme and thus radiation shielding is one of the most popular subjects for researchers. Sand is the main materials to produce besides many things also construction materials. It may also be used as a decorative material and therefore it is important to know its radiation shielding parameters. In this study, linear attenuation coefficients of Algerian Silica Sand (ASS) were calculated using computer code of XCOM for 1 keV—100 GeV gamma energies.
{"title":"Calculation of Linear Attenuation Coefficients of Algerian Silica Sand (ASS)","authors":"I. Akkurt, Sabiha Anas Boussaa, K. Gunoglu","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2706","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation is an important phoneme and thus radiation shielding is one of the most popular subjects for researchers. Sand is the main materials to produce besides many things also construction materials. It may also be used as a decorative material and therefore it is important to know\u0000 its radiation shielding parameters. In this study, linear attenuation coefficients of Algerian Silica Sand (ASS) were calculated using computer code of XCOM for 1 keV—100 GeV gamma energies.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"99 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78037377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of intercritical annealing heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion properties of fer-rite/martensite dual-phase steels with and without deformation by rolling has been investigated in this study. The X70 steel was rolled at intercritical temperatures (760 and 800 °C) with 30% amount of reductions followed by water quenching in order to produce dual-phase microstructure. The experimental results show that microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties and were strongly affected by intercritical rolling conditions. It is established that the intercritical rolling provides a fibrous structure, and improves the mechanical and corrosion properties of X70 dual phase steel. It was found that after intercritical rolling (DQR), grain refinement and hardness improved significantly compared to intercritical heat-treated steel without rolling (DQ). A carefully conducted comparison of resistance corrosion of the representative specimens obtained after (DQ) and (DQR) treatments has been studied. (DQR) treatment shows better corrosion resistance than (DQ) treatment. The microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the rolled X70 dual phase steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness tests and electrochemical measurements.
{"title":"Effect of Intercritical Rolling on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of the Dual Phase X70 American Petroleum Institute Pipeline Steel","authors":"Hocine Tassi, S. Zidelmel, O. Allaoui","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2680","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of intercritical annealing heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion properties of fer-rite/martensite dual-phase steels with and without deformation by rolling has been investigated in this study. The X70 steel was rolled at intercritical temperatures (760 and 800 °C)\u0000 with 30% amount of reductions followed by water quenching in order to produce dual-phase microstructure. The experimental results show that microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties and were strongly affected by intercritical rolling conditions. It is established that the intercritical\u0000 rolling provides a fibrous structure, and improves the mechanical and corrosion properties of X70 dual phase steel. It was found that after intercritical rolling (DQR), grain refinement and hardness improved significantly compared to intercritical heat-treated steel without rolling (DQ). A\u0000 carefully conducted comparison of resistance corrosion of the representative specimens obtained after (DQ) and (DQR) treatments has been studied. (DQR) treatment shows better corrosion resistance than (DQ) treatment. The microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the rolled X70\u0000 dual phase steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness tests and electrochemical measurements.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87350001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Biswas, Abhijit Bhowmik, D. Dey, Akshar S. Vasekar
Application of composite materials are increasing remarkably because of its much advantage compared to base matrix alloys properties like reduced weight, increasing strength, increasing wear resistance capacity etc. Reinforcement particles play a very important role for preparing metal matrix composite and ultimately improve its properties. In the present experiment, Al6063 designated aluminium alloy is used as matrix material and borosilicate glass powder is used as reinforcement. Specimens are prepared by stir casting method. Borosilicate glass is collected from scientific laboratory scrap to support disposal as well as recycle of the waste glass materials. In order to reduce the experimental run, the design of experiment is incorporated as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. It is observed that glass reinforcement in Al6063 aluminium alloy is compatible to form metal matrix composite. Secondly, ultimate tensile strength of the composite increases in selected combination of grain size and weight ratio of the borosilicate glass powder to the metal matrix.
{"title":"Study of Ultimate Tensile Strength of Borosilicate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite","authors":"A. Biswas, Abhijit Bhowmik, D. Dey, Akshar S. Vasekar","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2708","url":null,"abstract":"Application of composite materials are increasing remarkably because of its much advantage compared to base matrix alloys properties like reduced weight, increasing strength, increasing wear resistance capacity etc. Reinforcement particles play a very important role for preparing metal\u0000 matrix composite and ultimately improve its properties. In the present experiment, Al6063 designated aluminium alloy is used as matrix material and borosilicate glass powder is used as reinforcement. Specimens are prepared by stir casting method. Borosilicate glass is collected from scientific\u0000 laboratory scrap to support disposal as well as recycle of the waste glass materials. In order to reduce the experimental run, the design of experiment is incorporated as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. It is observed that glass reinforcement in Al6063 aluminium alloy is compatible\u0000 to form metal matrix composite. Secondly, ultimate tensile strength of the composite increases in selected combination of grain size and weight ratio of the borosilicate glass powder to the metal matrix.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78031736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Anwer, Syed Mohammed Yahya, Mohammad Athar Khan, Saif Masood
In this paper, numerical simulation elliptic airfoil model, which mimics the biological locomotion, is studied. Elliptic airfoil undergoes a combined plunging and translating at low Reynolds number is simulated by using body fitted coordinate system. The moving mesh in the physical domain is mapped to a regular fixed mesh in the computational domain through a time dependent transformation between the physical and computational co-ordinates. The governing equations of laminar incompressible flow are transformed in the computational plane by incorporating the time dependent transformation, which naturally accounts for the mesh velocities. The transformed equations are discretized on the structured, collocated, o-type elliptic grid using the finite difference methodology. The unsteady equations are marched in time by using a semi-implicit pressure correction (projection) scheme. Along with the time marching of the governing equations, utilizing the mesh velocities and the forward Eulertime integration also moves the mesh points. The effect of Reynolds number (Re) is investigated on the flapping flight propulsion is investigated. It is found that there exists a critical Reynolds number (Rec) for every frequency after which there exists a thrust force. The effect of Rec is related to transformation of neutral wake to thrust generating wake. It is also found that the optimal frequency corresponds to a reduced frequency parameter of 0.7 where a lock in exists. It is also found that this Stc is independent of Re and the mode of vortex shedding is same at Re = 100 and 200 for Stc = 0.7. Further, it is shown that the mode of vortex shedding present is always helpful in thrust generation.
{"title":"On the Thrust Generation from an Elliptic Airfoil in Plunging and Translating Motion at Low Reynolds Numbers","authors":"S. Anwer, Syed Mohammed Yahya, Mohammad Athar Khan, Saif Masood","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2711","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, numerical simulation elliptic airfoil model, which mimics the biological locomotion, is studied. Elliptic airfoil undergoes a combined plunging and translating at low Reynolds number is simulated by using body fitted coordinate system. The moving mesh in the physical\u0000 domain is mapped to a regular fixed mesh in the computational domain through a time dependent transformation between the physical and computational co-ordinates. The governing equations of laminar incompressible flow are transformed in the computational plane by incorporating the time dependent\u0000 transformation, which naturally accounts for the mesh velocities. The transformed equations are discretized on the structured, collocated, o-type elliptic grid using the finite difference methodology. The unsteady equations are marched in time by using a semi-implicit pressure correction (projection)\u0000 scheme. Along with the time marching of the governing equations, utilizing the mesh velocities and the forward Eulertime integration also moves the mesh points. The effect of Reynolds number (Re) is investigated on the flapping flight propulsion is investigated. It is found that there exists\u0000 a critical Reynolds number (Rec) for every frequency after which there exists a thrust force. The effect of Rec is related to transformation of neutral wake to thrust generating wake. It is also found that the optimal frequency corresponds to a reduced frequency parameter of 0.7 where a lock\u0000 in exists. It is also found that this Stc is independent of Re and the mode of vortex shedding is same at Re = 100 and 200 for Stc = 0.7. Further, it is shown that the mode of vortex shedding present is always helpful in thrust generation.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"52 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78439110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Torque-Angle Relationship for a 2D RRR-Type Serial Link Manipulator","authors":"Anil Kumar Gillawat, H. Nagarsheth","doi":"10.1166/ASEM.2020.2584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/ASEM.2020.2584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"1296-1299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77227041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the effect of temperature of the ablation environment on the properties of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles produced by synchrotronic laser ablation method is investigated. To produce nanoparticles, Nd:YAG synchrotronic laser pulse with 1121 (nm) wavelength is used to emit Cadmium in the cancer cells. All test parameters were kept constant and cancer cells temperature was changed to produce samples at 20 and 65 °C. Then, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy analyses were performed to investigate their properties. The results show that the size of nanoparticles is increased by increase in temperature of ablation environment. On the other hand, in the current experimental research, DNA/RNA-Cadmium Oxide (CdO) complex is created at the size of Nano. In this regard, same volume of DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) solutions were mixed together and emitted by the second harmonic synchrotronic laser pulse of Nd:YAG with wavelength of 777 (nm). The DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) solutions have been produced, separately, using synchrotronic laser ablation process. To produce them, synchrotronic laser pulse of Nd:YAG with wavelength of 1121 (nm) and pulse width of 7 (ns) and repeating frequency of 5 (Hz) was used. The results show that synchrotronic laser emission with wavelength of 777 (nm) is an appropriate method for producing DNA/RNA compounds in the size of Nano.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on DNA/RNA-Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Complex Nanoparticles Produced by Synchrotronic Laser Ablation Method in the Cancer Cells","authors":"A. Heidari","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2685","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of temperature of the ablation environment on the properties of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles produced by synchrotronic laser ablation method is investigated. To produce nanoparticles, Nd:YAG synchrotronic laser pulse with 1121 (nm) wavelength is used to\u0000 emit Cadmium in the cancer cells. All test parameters were kept constant and cancer cells temperature was changed to produce samples at 20 and 65 °C. Then, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy analyses were performed to investigate their properties. The results show that the\u0000 size of nanoparticles is increased by increase in temperature of ablation environment. On the other hand, in the current experimental research, DNA/RNA-Cadmium Oxide (CdO) complex is created at the size of Nano. In this regard, same volume of DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) solutions were\u0000 mixed together and emitted by the second harmonic synchrotronic laser pulse of Nd:YAG with wavelength of 777 (nm). The DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) solutions have been produced, separately, using synchrotronic laser ablation process. To produce them, synchrotronic laser pulse of Nd:YAG\u0000 with wavelength of 1121 (nm) and pulse width of 7 (ns) and repeating frequency of 5 (Hz) was used. The results show that synchrotronic laser emission with wavelength of 777 (nm) is an appropriate method for producing DNA/RNA compounds in the size of Nano.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90969291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, P. V. Reddy, P. Ramaiah, K. D. Reddy, S. Natarajan
Aluminum Nano Metal Matrix Composites are extensively utilized for high-performance operations such as branches of engineering and medicine due to their enhanced physical and mechanical properties compared to traditional metals and metal alloys. In this research, Al6063 alloy was reinforced with 15 nm sized Magnesium Oxide particles in different weight percentages. The development of Nano Metal Matrix Composites (NMMC) was completed through stir casting method at 750 °C temperature. The fabricated Nanocomposites were examined for the mechanical properties and impact of drilling parameters on chips and burr formation. The input parameters adopted for analysis were speed, feed, and material of the drill tool. The drill tools made of HSS & TiN coated HSS were utilized in the drilling of NMMC. The influence of process parameters on chips and burr formation were analyzed and optimized the process parameters for better output intended for this experimental environment through the Artificial Immune Algorithm technique.
{"title":"Optimization of Process Parameters in Drilling of Al6063 Reinforced with Magnesium Oxide Nano Particles","authors":"Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, P. V. Reddy, P. Ramaiah, K. D. Reddy, S. Natarajan","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2583","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum Nano Metal Matrix Composites are extensively utilized for high-performance operations such as branches of engineering and medicine due to their enhanced physical and mechanical properties compared to traditional metals and metal alloys. In this research, Al6063 alloy was reinforced\u0000 with 15 nm sized Magnesium Oxide particles in different weight percentages. The development of Nano Metal Matrix Composites (NMMC) was completed through stir casting method at 750 °C temperature. The fabricated Nanocomposites were examined for the mechanical properties and impact of drilling\u0000 parameters on chips and burr formation. The input parameters adopted for analysis were speed, feed, and material of the drill tool. The drill tools made of HSS & TiN coated HSS were utilized in the drilling of NMMC. The influence of process parameters on chips and burr formation were analyzed\u0000 and optimized the process parameters for better output intended for this experimental environment through the Artificial Immune Algorithm technique.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73469319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles are produced by ultrasonic waves and the effect of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) doping on their optical and structural characteristics are investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms extension of peaks and formation of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Absorption spectra for the produced samples are shown that addition of DNA/RNA affects the spectrum and absorption edge shifts towards blue region which is due to reduction of nanoparticle size and it confirms by SEM images. In addition, SEM images show the formation of approximately single size ellipsoidal nanostructures for pure Cadmium Oxide (CdO). However, the size, form and distribution of nanoparticles are varied after doping. On the other hand, in the current paper, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and DNA/RNA/Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanostructures thin layers are produced using spray pyrolysis technique over a glassy substrate. Annealing of CdO thin layer for half an hour in the air leads to improvement of crystalline structure. Optical characteristics and crystalline structure of samples are studied through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results of the current study were shown that CdO thin layers are of hexagonal structure. Further, optical gaff of CdO/DNA/RNA/glass thin layer is increased compared to CdO/glass layer.
{"title":"Study of Physical Properties of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and CdO/DNA/RNA Nanostructures Thin Layers Produced by Spray Pyrolysis Technique for Manufacturing Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Effect of DNA/RNA Doping on Their Optical Characteristics","authors":"A. Heidari","doi":"10.1166/asem.2020.2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2686","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles are produced by ultrasonic waves and the effect of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) doping on their optical and structural characteristics are investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms extension of peaks and formation of\u0000 Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Absorption spectra for the produced samples are shown that addition of DNA/RNA affects the spectrum and absorption edge shifts towards blue region which is due to reduction of nanoparticle size and it confirms by SEM images. In addition, SEM images show the\u0000 formation of approximately single size ellipsoidal nanostructures for pure Cadmium Oxide (CdO). However, the size, form and distribution of nanoparticles are varied after doping. On the other hand, in the current paper, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and DNA/RNA/Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanostructures thin\u0000 layers are produced using spray pyrolysis technique over a glassy substrate. Annealing of CdO thin layer for half an hour in the air leads to improvement of crystalline structure. Optical characteristics and crystalline structure of samples are studied through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible\u0000 spectroscopy. The results of the current study were shown that CdO thin layers are of hexagonal structure. Further, optical gaff of CdO/DNA/RNA/glass thin layer is increased compared to CdO/glass layer.","PeriodicalId":7213,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88339080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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